[ Joseph Larmarange dans la base Horizon ]

@article{fdi:010077495,
  title = {{C}ascade of provider-initiated human immunodeficiency virus testing and counselling at specific life events ({P}regnancy, sexually transmitted infections, marriage) in {C}ote d'{I}voire},
  author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}. {K}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {K}one, {M}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}ssoumou, {N}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {K}one, {M}. and {K}ouadio, {A}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {ANRS} 12323 {DOD}-{CI} {S}tudy {G}roup,},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {D}espite the implementation of {P}rovider {I}nitiated {T}esting and {C}ounselling ({PITC}) in 2009, {PITC} coverage remains low in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he purpose of this study is to determine whether an human immunodeficiency virus ({HIV}) test was offered and performed at specific life events where {PITC} is recommended by national guidelines. {M}ethods {I}n 2017, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a representative sample of 3,867 adults from the general population in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he occurrences of the following events over the past 5 years were documented: pregnancy (event {A}) or partner's pregnancy (event {B}) of the last child, sexually transmitted infection (event {C}) and marriage (event {D}). {F}or each of these events, participants were asked (i) if they consulted a health care professional, (ii) if they were offered an {HIV} test during that consultation and (iii) if they accepted it. {R}esults {C}onsulting a health care provider was reported by 94.9%, 58.3%, 70.3% and 19.1% of those who reported events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D} respectively. {I}n case of medical consultations following events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D}, respectively 70.1%, 33.1%, 28.1%, and 78.8% of individuals were offered an {HIV} test. {T}he testing acceptance was high regardless of the event. {O}verall, testing coverage was 63.7%, 16.9%, 13.4% and 14.5% for events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D} respectively. {C}onclusions {I}ncreasing {HIV} testing coverage in {C}ote d'{I}voire requires (i) facilitating attendance to health services in case of sexually transmitted infections, marriage and pregnancy-for men-and (ii) strengthening routine testing offer on these occasions.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{S}exually {T}ransmitted {D}iseases},
  volume = {47},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {54--61},
  ISSN = {0148-5717},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1097/olq.0000000000001084},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077495},
}

@article{fdi:010076093,
  title = {{E}ffect of organizational models of provider-initiated testing and counseling ({PITC}) in health facilities on adult {HIV} testing coverage in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica},
  author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he purpose of this paper is to identify which {P}rovider-{I}nitiated {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounseling ({PITC}) organizational models are the most efficient to maximize testing coverage. {W}e conducted a systematic literature review to identify published articles that evaluated routine {PITC} programs implemented in adult health facilities in {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {W}e considered only articles measuring {PITC} offer, {PITC} acceptability and {PITC} coverage. {A}djusted meta-regression models were performed to measure the association between {PITC} offer, acceptability and coverage with {PITC} organizational model. {A} total of 30 articles were included in the meta-analysis. {O}verall, 85.4% [95%{CI}: 77.2-93.5] of patients were offered a test, and 87.1% [82.4-91.7] accepted the test resulting in a {PITC} coverage of 74.3% [66-82.6]. {F}our types of {PITC} organizational models were identified: {PITC} initiated and performed during the consultation (model {A}), {PITC} initiated before consultation (model {B}), {PITC} referred on-site (model {C}) and {PITC} referred off-site (model {D}). {C}ompared to model {A}, model {B} had a similar coverage (a{OR}: 1.02 [0.82-1.26]). {H}owever, coverage was lower for model {C} (a{OR}: 0.81 [0.68-0.97]) and model {D} (a{OR}: 0.58 [0.44-0.77]). {I}nitiating the testing process before or during medical consultation is recommended for maximizing testing coverage among patients.},
  keywords = {{P}rovider initiated testing and counseling ; {HIV} testing ; testing cover ; organizational models ; {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  journal = {{AIDS} {C}are},
  numero = {[{E}arly access]},
  pages = {[12 p.]},
  ISSN = {0954-0121},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2019.1626339},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076093},
}

@article{fdi:010076589,
  title = {{R}etention in care trajectories of {HIV}-positive individuals participating in a universal test-and-treat program in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {T}rial)},
  author = {{G}osset, {A}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {B}oyer, {S}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}o study retention in care ({RIC}) trajectories and associated factors in patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in a universal test-and-treat setting ({T}as{P} trial, {S}outh {A}frica, 2012-2016). {D}esign: {A} cluster-randomized trial whereby individuals identified {HIV} positive after home-based testing were invited to initiate {ART} immediately (intervention) or following national guidelines (control). {M}ethods: {E}xiting care was defined as >= 3 months late for a clinic appointment, transferring elsewhere, or death. {G}roup-based trajectory modeling was performed to estimate {RIC} trajectories over 18 months and associated factors in 777 {ART}-eligible patients. {R}esults: {F}our {RIC} trajectory groups were identified: (1) group 1 "remained" in care (reference, n = 554, 71.3%), (2) group 2 exited care then "returned" after [median (interquartile range)] 4 (3-9) months (n = 40, 5.2%), (3) group 3 "exited care rapidly" [after 4 (4-6) months, n = 98, 12.6%], and (4) group 4 "exited care later" [after 11 (9-13) months, n = 85, 10.9%]. {G}roup 2 patients were less likely to have initiated {ART} within 1 month and more likely to be male, young (<29 years), without a regular partner, and to have a {CD}4 count >350 cells/mm(3). {G}roup 3 patients were more likely to be women without social support, newly diagnosed, young, and less likely to have initiated {ART} within 1 month. {G}roup 4 patients were more likely to be newly diagnosed and aged 39 years or younger. {C}onclusions: {H}igh {CD}4 counts at care initiation were not associated with a higher risk of exiting care. {P}rompt {ART} initiation and special support for young and newly diagnosed patients with {HIV} are needed to maximize {RIC}.},
  keywords = {universal test and treat ; {HIV} ; {S}outh {A}frica ; retention in care trajectories ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{JAIDS}.{J}ournal of {A}cquired {I}mmune {D}eficiency {S}yndromes},
  volume = {80},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {375--385},
  ISSN = {1525-4135},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1097/qai.0000000000001938},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076589},
}

@article{fdi:010076848,
  title = {{O}rganisation du financement du d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} {\`a} base communautaire en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : une recherche d'efficience potentiellement contre-productive ?},
  author = {{A}ssoumou, {A}.{A}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {K}ouadio, {B}.{A}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}on{\'e}, {M}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{O}bjectif : {D}epuis le d{\'e}but des ann{\'e}es 2010, le {P}resident's {E}mergency {P}lan for {AIDS} {R}elief ({P}epfar) et le {F}onds mondial de lutte contre le {VIH}/ sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme ont accentu{\'e} leurs strat{\'e}gies de gestion ax{\'e}e sur les r{\'e}sultats ({GAR}). {L}es conditions de d{\'e}caissements sont de plus en plus exigeantes pour les organisations non gouvernementales ({ONG}) financ{\'e}s (atteinte d'objectifs chiffr{\'e}s, r{\'e}alisation de compte rendu et de contr{\^o}les des activit{\'e}s fr{\'e}quents) et leur r{\'e}mun{\'e}ration d{\'e}pend des r{\'e}sultats atteints. {C}et article vise {\`a} analyser les effets de ce renforcement des politiques fond{\'e}es sur le new public management sur la mise en oeuvre locale des activit{\'e}s, {\`a} travers l'exemple du d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} {\`a} base communautaire. {M}{\'e}thodes : {D}ans trois districts sanitaires de la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, nous avons r{\'e}alis{\'e}, en 2015 et 2016, une cartographie des acteurs impliqu{\'e}s dans le d{\'e}pistage communautaire et des entretiens semi-directifs aupr{\`e}s de membres des {ONG} dites "communautaires" (n = 18). {R}{\'e}sultats : {L}e financement des organisations en charge du d{\'e}pistage au niveau local transite par des organisations interm{\'e}diaires selon un syst{\`e}me pyramidal complexe. {C}ombin{\'e} {\`a} la lourdeur des comptes rendus d'activit{\'e} et de la validation des donn{\'e}es, cela g{\'e}n{\`e}re des retards dans le d{\'e}caissement des fonds et r{\'e}duit fortement le temps effectif de mise en oeuvre des activit{\'e}s, soit moins de la moiti{\'e} du temps pr{\'e}vu {\`a} cet effet. {C}onclusion : {C}ette manag{\'e}rialisation aussi bien du {P}epfar que du {F}onds mondial produit ainsi des effets contre-productifs contre lesquels elle {\'e}tait cens{\'e}e lutter.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN}},
  journal = {{M}{\'e}decine et {S}ant{\'e} {T}ropicales},
  volume = {29},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {287--293 [en ligne]},
  ISSN = {2261-3684},
  year = {2019},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076848},
}

@article{fdi:010077311,
  title = {{T}emporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat : the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}. {H}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {M}arch, {L}aura and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup,},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction {T}he universal test-and-treat ({UTT}) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression ({PVS}), that is, the proportion of all people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}) on antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing {HIV} transmission at the population level. {T}his article explores the extent to which temporal changes in {PVS} explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative {HIV} incidence seen in the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial conducted in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {M}ethods {T}he {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six-monthly repeat home-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({RHBCT}) and referral of {PLHIV} to local {HIV} clinics in 2 x 11 clusters opened sequentially. {ART} was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of {CD}4 count in intervention clusters. {W}e measured residency status, {HIV} status, and {HIV} care status for each participant on a daily basis. {PVS} was computed per cluster among all resident {PLHIV} (>= 16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. {W}e used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in {PVS}, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level. {R}esults 8563 {PLHIV} were followed. {D}uring the course of the trial, {PVS} increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). {T}hat increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). {I}n the final adjusted model, {PVS} increase was most associated with increased {RHBCT} and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). {C}ontextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. {T}he effect of universal {ART} (trial arm) was positive but limited. {C}onclusions {PVS} was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative {HIV} incidence between arms. {T}he {PVS} gains due to changes in {ART}-initiation guidelines alone are relatively small compared to gains obtained by strategies to maximize testing and linkage to care. {T}he achievement of the 90-90-90 targets will not be met if the operational and implementational challenges limiting access to care and treatment, often context-specific, are not properly addressed. {C}linical trial number: {NCT}01509508 (clinical{T}rials.gov)/{DOH}-27-0512-3974 ({S}outh {A}frican {N}ational {C}linical {T}rials {R}egister).},
  keywords = {{HIV} ; antiretroviral therapy ; sustained viral suppression ; retention in care ; population health ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {p. e25402 [11 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25402},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077311},
}

@article{fdi:010077777,
  title = {{P}epfar 3.0's {HIV} testing policy in {C}ote d'{I}voire (2014 to 2018) : fragmentation, acceleration and disconnection},
  author = {{B}ekelynck, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}ssoumou, {N}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {K}one, {M}. and {K}ouadio, {A}. and {K}ra, {A}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {C}arillon, {S}{\'e}verine and {I}ngheis, {M}. and {ANRS} {D}od-{C}i {S}tudy {G}roup,},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounselling ({HTC}) remains a key challenge in achieving control of the {HIV} epidemic by 2030. {I}n the early 2010s, the {P}resident's {E}mergency {P}lan for {AIDS} {R}elief ({P}epfar) adopted targeted {HTC} strategies for populations and geographical areas most affected by {HIV}. {W}e examine how {P}epfar defined targeted {HTC} in {C}ote d'{I}voire, a country with a mixed {HIV} epidemic, after a decade of expanding {HTC} services. {M}ethods {W}e explored the evolution of {HTC} strategies through the {C}ountry {O}perational {P}lans ({COP}) of {P}epfar during its phase 3.0, from {COP} 14 to {COP} 17 ({O}ctober 2014 to {S}eptember 2018) in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {W}e conducted an analysis of the grey literature over the period 2014 to 2018 ({B}udget & {T}arget {R}eport, {S}trategic {D}irection {S}ummary, {S}ustainability {I}ndex and {D}ashboard {S}ummary, ). {W}e also conducted a qualitative study in {C}ote d'{I}voire (2015 to 2018) using in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the {AIDS} public response: {CDC}/{P}epfar (3), {M}inistry of {H}ealth (3), intermediary {NGO}s (7); and public meeting observations (14). {R}esults {S}ince the {COP} 14, {P}epfar's {HIV} testing strategies have been characterized by significant variations in terms of numerical, geographical and population targets. {W}hile the aim of {COP} 14 and {COP} 15 seemed to be the improvement of testing efficacy in general and testing yield in particular, {COP} 16 and {COP} 17 prioritized accelerating progress towards the "first 90" (i.e. reducing the proportion of people living with {HIV} who are unaware of their {HIV}). {A} shift was observed in the definition of testing targets, with less focus on the inclusion of programmatic data and feedback from field actors, and greater emphasis on the use of models to estimate and disaggregate the targets by geographical units and sub-populations (even if the availability of data by this disaggregation was limited or uncertain); increasingly leading to gaps between targets and results. {C}onclusions {T}hese trials and tribulations question the real and long-term effectiveness of annually-revised, fragmented strategies, which widen an increasing disparity between the realities of the actors on the ground and the objectives set in {W}ashington.},
  keywords = {{P}epfar ; {HIV} testing ; {H}ealth policy ; {COP} ({C}ountry operational {P}lan) ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {A}frica ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {p. e25424 [7 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25424},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077777},
}

@article{PAR00019640,
  title = {{N}o effect of test and treat on sexual behaviours at population level in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{R}olland, {M}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {T}iendrebeogo, {T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {ANRS} {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}ontext: {W}ithin the community-randomized {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention trial conducted in rural {S}outh {A}frica, we analysed sexual behaviours stratified by sex over time, comparing immediate antiretroviral therapy irrespective of {CD}4(+) cell count vs. {CD}4(+)-guided antiretroviral therapy (start at {CD}4(+) cell count >350 cells/mu l then >500 cells/mu l) arms. {M}ethods: {A}s part of the 6-monthly home-based trial rounds, a sexual behaviour individual questionnaire was administered to all residents at least 16 years. {W}e considered seven indicators: sexual intercourse in the past month; at least one regular sexual partner in the past 6 months; at least one casual sexual partner in the past 6 months and more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months; condom use at last sex ({CLS}) with regular partner, {CLS} with casual partner, and point prevalence estimate of concurrency. {W}e conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses, stratified by sex. {G}eneralized {E}stimating {E}quations models were used, including trial arm, trial time, calendar time and interaction between trial arm and trial time. {R}esults: {CLS} with regular partner varied between 29-51% and 23-46% for men and women, respectively, with significantly lower odds among women in the control vs. intervention arm by trial end ({P}<0.001). {CLS} with casual partner among men showed a significant interaction between arm and trial round, with no consistent pattern. {W}omen declared more than one partner in the past 6 months in less than 1% of individual questionnaires; among men, rates varied between 5-12%, and odds significantly and continuously declined between calendar rounds 1 and 7 [odds ratio = 4.2 (3.24-5.45)]. {C}onclusion: {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat was not associated with increased sexual risk behaviours.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; antiretroviral therapy ; {HIV} ; prevention ; sexual behaviour ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{AIDS}},
  volume = {33},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {709--722},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000002104},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00019640},
}

@article{fdi:010072498,
  title = {{U}niversal test and treat and the {HIV} epidemic in rural {S}outh {A}frica : a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial},
  author = {{I}wuji, {C}. {C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}alestre, {E}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {M}akowa, {T}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {D}e {O}liveira, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {U}niversal antiretroviral therapy ({ART}), as per the 2015 {WHO} recommendations, might reduce population {HIV} incidence. {W}e investigated the effect of universal test and treat on {HIV} acquisition at population level in a high prevalence rural region of {S}outh {A}frica. {M}ethods {W}e did a phase 4, open-label, cluster randomised trial of 22 communities in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica. {W}e included individuals residing in the communities who were aged 16 years or older. {T}he clusters were composed of aggregated local areas (neighbourhoods) that had been identified in a previous study in the {H}labisa subdistrict. {T}he study statisticians randomly assigned clusters (1:1) with {M}ap{I}nfo {P}ro (version 11.0) to either the control or intervention communities, stratified on the basis of antenatal {HIV} prevalence. {W}e offered residents repeated rapid {HIV} testing during home-based visits every 6 months for about 4 years in four clusters, 3 years in six clusters, and 2 years in 12 clusters (58 cluster-years) and referred {HIV}-positive participants to trial clinics for {ART} (fixed-dose combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz) regardless of {CD}4 cell count (intervention) or according to national guidelines (initially <= 350 cells per mu {L} and <500 cells per mu {L} from {J}anuary, 2015; control). {P}articipants and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. {W}e used dried blood spots once every 6 months provided by participants who were {HIV} negative at baseline to estimate the primary outcome of {HIV} incidence with cluster-adjusted {P}oisson generalised estimated equations in the intention-to-treat population after 58 cluster-years of follow-up. {T}his study is registered with {C}linical{T}rials. gov, number {NCT}01509508, and the {S}outh {A}frican {N}ational {C}linical {T}rials {R}egister, number {DOH}-27-0512-3974. {F}indings {B}etween {M}arch 9, 2012, and {J}une 30, 2016, we contacted 26 518 (93%) of 28 419 eligible individuals. {O}f 17 808 (67%) individuals with a first negative dried blood spot test, 14 223 (80%) had subsequent dried blood spot tests, of whom 503 seroconverted after follow-up of 22 891 person-years. {E}stimated {HIV} incidence was 2.11 per 100 person-years (95% {CI} 1.84-2.39) in the intervention group and 2.27 per 100 person-years (2.00-2.54) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.01, 95% {CI} 0.87-1.17; p=0.89). {W}e documented one case of suicidal attempt in a woman following {HIV} seroconversion. 128 patients on {ART} had 189 life-threatening or grade 4 clinical events: 69 (4%) of 1652 in the control group and 59 (4%) of 1367 in the intervention group (p=0.83). {I}nterpretation {T}he absence of a lowering of {HIV} incidence in universal test and treat clusters most likely resulted from poor linkage to care. {P}olicy change to {HIV} universal test and treat without innovation to improve health access is unlikely to reduce {HIV} incidence.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{L}ancet {HIV}},
  volume = {5},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {{E}116--{E}125},
  ISSN = {2352-3018},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30205-9},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072498},
}

@article{fdi:010072500,
  title = {{I}mplementing preexposure prophylaxis among key populations : an opportunity for patient-centered services and management of hepatitis {B}},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}ecquet, {V}alentine and {M}asumbuko, {J}. {M}. and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {E}holie, {S}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{A}ids},
  volume = {32},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {829--830},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000001749},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072500},
}

@article{fdi:010073698,
  title = {{T}he impact of population dynamics on the population {HIV} care cascade : results from the {ANRS} 12249 treatment as prevention trial in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal ({S}outh {A}frica)},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}amadou {H}assimiou and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {ANRS} {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}ntroduction: {T}he universal test and treat strategy ({UTT}) was developed to maximize the proportion of all {HIV}-positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) and virally suppressed, assuming that it will lead to a reduction in {HIV} incidence at the population level. {T}he evolution over time of the cross-sectional {HIV} care cascade is determined by individual longitudinal trajectories through the {HIV} care continuum and underlying population dynamics. {T}he purpose of this paper is to quantify the contribution of each component of population change (in- and out-migration, {HIV} seroconversion, ageing into the cohort and definitive exit such as death) on the {HIV} care cascade in the context of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomized trial, investigating {UTT} in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica, between 2012 and 2016. {M}ethods: {HIV} test results and information on clinic visits, {ART} prescriptions, viral load and {CD}4 count, migration and deaths were used to calculate residency status, {HIV} status and {HIV} care status for each individual on a daily basis. {P}osition within the {HIV} care continuum was considered as a score ranging from 0 (undiagnosed) to 4 (virally suppressed). {W}e compared the cascade score of each individual joining or leaving the population of resident adults living with {HIV} with the average score of their cluster at the time of entry or exit. {T}hen, we computed the contribution of each entry or exit on the average cascade score and their annualized total contribution, by component of change. {R}esults: {W}hile the average cascade score increased over time in all clusters, that increase was constrained by population dynamics. {P}ermanent exits and ageing into the people living with {HIV} cohort had a marginal effect. {B}oth in-migrants and out-migrants were less likely to be retained at each step of the {HIV} care continuum. {H}owever, their overall impact on the cross-sectional cascade was limited as the effect of in- and out-migration balanced each other. {T}he contribution of {HIV} seroconversions was negative in all clusters. {C}onclusions: {I}n a context of high {HIV} incidence, the continuous flow of newly infected individuals slows down the efforts to increase {ART} coverage and population viral suppression, ultimately attenuating any population-level impact on {HIV} incidence.},
  keywords = {{HIV} care continuum ; {P}ublic health ; {S}tructural drivers ; {M}igration ; {C}ross-sectional cascade ; {R}ural {S}outh {A}frica ; {P}opulation dynamics ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {p. e25128 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2018},
  DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25128},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073698},
}

@article{fdi:010073712,
  title = {{T}emporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat : results from the {ANRS} 12,249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}amadou {H}assimiou and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {T}as{P} {A}nrs {S}tudy {G}roup,},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {12--12},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2018},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073712},
}

@book{fdi:010076319,
  title = {{R}apport d'analyse de l'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}pseal - {S}aisine no17-{DSPE}-0217-1513-{D} du 3 mars 2017},
  author = {{K}ermarec, {F}.  and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{S}ant{\'e} publique {F}rance a {\'e}t{\'e} saisie par l'{ARS} {P}rovence-{A}lpes-{C}{\^o}te d'{A}zur en mars 2017 afin d'analyser la m{\'e}thode mise en oeuvre dans l'{\'e}tude "{F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al" men{\'e}e {\`a} {F}os-sur-{M}er et {P}ort-{S}aint-{L}ouis-du-{R}h{\^o}ne et les r{\'e}sultats qui en sont issus sur les cons{\'e}quences des expositions industrielles sur la sant{\'e} des populations. {P}our r{\'e}pondre {\`a} cette saisine, {S}ant{\'e} publique {F}rance a constitu{\'e} un comit{\'e} d'appui compos{\'e} de scientifiques internes et d'experts externes {\`a} l'{A}gence. {L}es points trait{\'e}s par ce comit{\'e} ont {\'e}t{\'e} : l'analyse critique de la m{\'e}thode et des r{\'e}sultats de l'{\'e}tude ; l'apport de la dynamique participative propos{\'e}e par l'{\'e}tude. {L}'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al est une {\'e}tude participative en sant{\'e} environnement (approche dite "d'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ancr{\'e}e localement"). {E}lle a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e par une {\'e}quipe du {C}entre {N}orbert {E}lias de {M}arseille ({EHESS}, {CNRS}, {U}niversit{\'e} d'{A}vignon, {U}niversit{\'e} d'{A}ix-{M}arseille) en lien avec une {\'e}quipe am{\'e}ricaine ({C}ollege of {L}iberal {A}rts and {H}uman {S}ciences &8211; {V}irginia {T}ech {U}niversity, {S}chool of {P}ublic {H}ealth -{U}niversity of {C}alifornia, {B}erkeley) et financ{\'e}e par un appel {\`a} projets de recherche de l'{A}nses. {L}e comit{\'e} conclut que le rapport aurait gagn{\'e} {\`a} avoir une pr{\'e}sentation claire des m{\'e}thodes utilis{\'e}es et une structuration rigoureuse s{\'e}parant les r{\'e}sultats statistiques de leur interpr{\'e}tation. {L}a comparaison des r{\'e}sultats statistiques bas{\'e}s sur les d{\'e}clarations des personnes interrog{\'e}es {\`a} des donn{\'e}es de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence r{\'e}gionales ou nationales fait appara{\^i}tre des exc{\`e}s de risque pour plusieurs pathologies au sein de l'{\'e}chantillon de populations des communes enqu{\^e}t{\'e}es. {T}outefois, le comit{\'e} a estim{\'e} que l'existence de ces exc{\`e}s et leur ampleur est limit{\'e}e par des biais de s{\'e}lection de l'{\'e}chantillon enqu{\^e}t{\'e}, les r{\'e}f{\'e}rences retenues et les m{\'e}thodes d'ajustement utilis{\'e}es. {M}algr{\'e} des faiblesses m{\'e}thodologiques, les r{\'e}sultats pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s confirment que ce territoire n{\'e}cessite une grande attention de la part des autorit{\'e}s publiques. {L}es argumentaires utilis{\'e}s pour faire le lien entre un r{\'e}sultat sanitaire (une pathologie localement observ{\'e}e en exc{\`e}s) et une cause environnementale, pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s dans l'{\'e}tude comme des "{\'e}l{\'e}ments d'analyse participative", doivent {\^e}tre consid{\'e}r{\'e}s comme des hypoth{\`e}ses {\'e}mises par les chercheurs et les populations, que des {\'e}tudes ad hoc plus pr{\'e}cises seraient en mesure de confirmer. {L}'int{\'e}r{\^e}t port{\'e} sur les maladies qui pr{\'e}occupent la population, la prise en compte de la sant{\'e} telle qu'elle est exprim{\'e}e par la population et les concertations mises en place lors de l'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al repr{\'e}sentent les int{\'e}r{\^e}ts majeurs de cette {\'e}tude. {L}a d{\'e}marche d'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ancr{\'e}e localement, fond{\'e}e sur les perceptions et l'exp{\'e}rience des populations, appara{\^i}t compl{\'e}mentaire {\`a} l'approche de l'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie traditionnelle. {L}a coexistence de ces deux approches est utile pour maintenir la cr{\'e}dibilit{\'e} et optimiser l'efficacit{\'e} du syst{\`e}me fran{\c{c}}ais d'alerte en sant{\'e} environnementale.},
  keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENVIRONNEMENT} ; {POLLUTION} ; {EXPERTISE} ; {PARTICIPATION} {POPULAIRE} ; {ETUDE} {REGIONALE} ; {GESTION} {PARTICIPATIVE} ; {FRANCE} ; {PROVENCE} {ALPES} {COTE} {D}'{AZUR}},
  adress = {{S}aint-{M}aurice},
  publisher = {{S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique {F}rance},
  series = {{E}tudes et {E}nqu{\^e}tes},
  pages = {108},
  year = {2018},
  ISBN = {979-10-289042-5-8},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076319},
}

@article{fdi:010070598,
  title = {{R}ecours aux soins de sant{\'e} globale et de sant{\'e} sexuelle et reproductive, chez les {\'e}tudiants de l'universit{\'e} {H}ouphou{\¨e}t-{B}oigny, {A}bidjan, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire},
  author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{P}osition du probl{\`e}me : {E}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, peu de documents renseignent sur les besoins en sant{\'e} et les barri{\`e}res d'acc{\`e}s aux soins chez les jeunes. {C}ette {\'e}tude cherchait {\`a} mesurer et {\`a} d{\'e}crire l'offre de soins, les besoins et les freins au recours aux soins, en particulier en sant{\'e} sexuelle et reproductive, et l'acceptabilit{\'e} d'une visite m{\'e}dicale {\`a} la rentr{\'e}e universitaire, chez les {\'e}tudiants de l'universit{\'e} {H}ouphou{\¨e}t-{B}oigny, {\`a} {A}bidjan.
{M}{\'e}thodes : {L}'{\'e}tude {\'e}tait une enqu{\^e}te transversale repr{\'e}sentative des {\'e}tudiants de 2e ann{\'e}e s{\'e}lectionn{\'e}s par un sondage al{\'e}atoire {\'e}quiprobable {\`a} deux degr{\'e}s.
{R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 543 {\'e}tudiants (322 hommes et 221 femmes) ont {\'e}t{\'e} interrog{\'e}s (98,4 % de participation). {P}armi les {\'e}tudiantes ayant d{\'e}j{\`a} eu des relations sexuelles, 38,4 % ({IC}95 % [30,5 %&8211;47,0 %]) avaient des besoins non satisfaits en mati{\`e}re de contraception et 31,2 % ({IC}95 % [23,7 %&8211;40,0 %] avaient d{\'e}j{\`a} v{\'e}cu une grossesse non d{\'e}sir{\'e}e. {L}a peur d'effets ind{\'e}sirables sur la fertilit{\'e} {\'e}tait le principal motif de non utilisation des m{\'e}thodes contraceptives hormonales qui {\'e}taient les m{\'e}thodes contraceptives les plus d{\'e}sir{\'e}es chez les {\'e}tudiants. {L}es principaux probl{\`e}mes de sant{\'e} d{\'e}clar{\'e}s par les {\'e}tudiants {\'e}taient le paludisme (54,3 %), les infections respiratoires (44,6 %), les probl{\`e}mes de constipation (28,0 %) et les troubles psychologiques (25,9 %). {L}a principale barri{\`e}re d'acc{\`e}s au centre de sant{\'e} de l'universit{\'e} {\'e}tait la perception du coût {\'e}lev{\'e} de ses services malgr{\'e} leur gratuit{\'e}, ce qui traduit des probl{\`e}mes de visibilit{\'e} sur cette offre et ses prestations. {L}a majorit{\'e} des {\'e}tudiants {\'e}taient favorables {\`a} l'instauration d'une visite m{\'e}dicale lors de l'entr{\'e}e {\`a} l'universit{\'e}.
{C}onclusion : {L}'instauration d'une visite m{\'e}dicale permettrait d'am{\'e}liorer la visibilit{\'e} de l'offre du centre de sant{\'e} universitaire et pourrait proposer les services suivants pour compl{\'e}ter au mieux l'offre de sant{\'e} universitaire actuelle : i) d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}, des chlamydiae et de la gonorrh{\'e}e ; ii) d{\'e}pistage et vaccination du virus h{\'e}patique {B} ; iii) mise {\`a} disposition d'information concernant les m{\'e}thodes contraceptives ; iv) pr{\'e}sentation de l'offre de sant{\'e} sur l'universit{\'e}. {L}'am{\'e}nagement d'espaces o{\`u} les {\'e}tudiants puissent avoir acc{\`e}s {\`a} une information sur certaines th{\'e}matiques de sant{\'e} (sexualit{\'e}, nutrition, d{\'e}pression) pourrait aussi compl{\'e}ter l'offre de sant{\'e} universitaire.},
  keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {JEUNESSE} ; {ETUDIANT} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {CONTRACEPTION} ; {SOCIETE} {URBAINE} ; {CENTRE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {SANTE} {DE} {LA} {REPRODUCTION} ; {ACCES} {AUX} {SOINS} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN}},
  journal = {{R}evue d'{E}pid{\'e}miologie et de {S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique},
  volume = {65},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {369--379},
  ISSN = {0398-7620},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.respe.2017.04.059},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070598},
}

@article{fdi:010072385,
  title = {{S}ocial and implementation research for ending {AIDS} in {A}frica},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}ow, {K}. and {B}roqua, {C}. and {A}kindes, {F}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {K}one, {M}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet {P}ublic {H}ealth},
  volume = {2},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {{E}540--{E}540},
  ISSN = {2468-2667},
  year = {2017},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072385},
}

@article{fdi:010076320,
  title = {{L}inkage to {HIV} care after home-based {HIV} counselling and testing in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica : a systematic review},
  author = {{R}uzagira, {E}. and {B}aisley, {K}. and {K}amali, {A}. and {B}iraro, {S}. and {G}rosskurth, {H}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {W}orking {G}roup on {L}inkage to {HIV} {C}are and et al.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {H}ome-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({HBHCT}) has the potential to increase {HIV} testing uptake in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica ({SSA}), but data on linkage to {HIV} care after {HBHCT} are scarce. {W}e conducted a systematic review of linkage to care after {HBHCT} in {SSA}.
{M}ethods: {F}ive databases were searched for studies published between 1st {J}anuary 2000 and 19th {A}ugust 2016 that reported on linkage to care among adults newly identified with {HIV} infection through {HBHCT}. {E}ligible studies were reviewed, assessed for risk of bias and findings summarised using the {PRISMA} guidelines.
{R}esults: {A} total of 14 studies from six countries met the eligibility criteria; nine used specific strategies (point-of-care {CD}4 count testing, follow-up counselling, provision of transport funds to clinic and counsellor facilitation of {HIV} clinic visit) in addition to routine referral to facilitate linkage to care. {T}ime intervals for ascertaining linkage ranged from 1week to 12months post-{HBHCT}. {L}inkage ranged from 8.2% [95% confidence interval ({CI}), 6.8-9.8%] to 99.1% (95% {CI}, 96.9-99.9%). {L}inkage was generally lower (<33%) if {HBHCT} was followed by referral only, and higher (>80%) if additional strategies were used. {O}nly one study assessed linkage by means of a randomised trial. {F}ive studies had data on cotrimoxazole ({CTX}) prophylaxis and 12 on {ART} eligibility and initiation. {CTX} uptake among those eligible ranged from 0% to 100%. {T}he proportion of persons eligible for {ART} ranged from 16.5% (95% {CI}, 12.1-21.8) to 77.8% (95% {CI}, 40.0-97.2). {ART} initiation among those eligible ranged from 14.3% (95% {CI}, 0.36-57.9%) to 94.9% (95% {CI}, 91.3-97.4%). {A}dditional linkage strategies, whilst seeming to increase linkage, were not associated with higher uptake of {CTX} and/or {ART}. {M}ost of the studies were susceptible to risk of outcome ascertainment bias. {A} pooled analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity across studies with regard to design, setting and the key variable definitions.
{C}onclusion: {O}nly few studies from {SSA} investigated linkage to care among adults newly diagnosed with {HIV} through {HBHCT}. {L}inkage was often low after routine referral but higher if additional interventions were used to facilitate it. {T}he effectiveness of linkage strategies should be confirmed through randomised controlled trials.},
  keywords = {{OUGANDA}},
  journal = {{T}ropical {M}edicine and {I}nternational {H}ealth},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {807--821},
  ISSN = {1360-2276},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1111/tmi.12888},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076320},
}

@article{fdi:010070396,
  title = {{L}a fin du sida est-elle en vue ?},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}abis, {F}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{L}es progr{\`e}s observ{\'e}s ces dix derni{\`e}res ann{\'e}es dans le champ de la pr{\'e}vention du {VIH}, en particulier la place croissante prise par le traitement antir{\'e}troviral, ont amen{\'e} certains leaders politiques et scientifiques {\`a} {\'e}voquer la "fin du sida", {\`a} savoir un contr{\^o}le des nouvelles infections et de la mortalit{\'e} li{\'e}e au {VIH}. {D}ans cet article, nous revenons en particulier sur l'objectif de contr{\^o}le de la transmission sexuelle. {L}e traitement antir{\'e}troviral pr{\'e}coce des personnes infect{\'e}es permet de r{\'e}duire fortement la charge virale plasmatique et, par cons{\'e}quent, la probabilit{\'e} de transmettre le virus (treatment as prevention ou {T}as{P}). {D}e m{\^e}me, la prise d'antir{\'e}troviraux par des personnes non infect{\'e}es permet {\'e}galement de les pr{\'e}munir contre l'infection (prophylaxie pr{\'e}exposition ou {P}r{EP}). {L}a question aujourd'hui n'est plus de savoir quand utiliser ces m{\'e}dicaments mais comment. {U}ne strat{\'e}gie de pr{\'e}vention combin{\'e}e pourrait r{\'e}duire significativement les nouvelles infections, mais {\`a} condition d'atteindre des niveaux de mise {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle non encore atteints {\`a} ce jour. {L}'objectif de la fin du sida est atteignable, {\`a} condition de ne pas succomber aux sir{\`e}nes d'un &8216;tout biom{\'e}dical' et de mesurer pleinement les enjeux programmatiques, op{\'e}rationnels, sociaux, comportementaux et politiques qui nous font face.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {{E}n {A}frique, accoucher apr{\`e}s la fin de l'exceptionnalit{\'e} du {S}ida},
  journal = {{F}ace {\`a} {F}ace},
  numero = {{N}o sp{\'e}cial},
  pages = {art. no 1160 [15 p. en ligne]},
  ISSN = {1298-0390},
  year = {2017},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070396},
}

@article{fdi:010066573,
  title = {{S}trengthening universal {HIV} 'test-and-treat' approaches with social science research},
  author = {{C}amlin, {C}.{S}. and {S}eeley, {J}. and {V}iljoen, {L}. and {V}ernooij, {E}. and {S}imwinga, {M}. and {R}eynolds, {L}. and {R}eis, {R}. and {P}lank, {R}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {H}oddinott, {G}. and {G}etahun, {M}. and {C}harlebois, {E}.{D}. and {B}ond, {V}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}},
  journal = {{AIDS}},
  volume = {30},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {969--970},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000001008},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066573},
}

@article{fdi:010067180,
  title = {{E}valuation of geospatial methods to generate subnational {HIV} prevalence estimates for local level planning [consise communication]},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}here is evidence of substantial subnational variation in the {HIV} epidemic. {H}owever, robust spatial {HIV} data are often only available at high levels of geographic aggregation and not at the finer resolution needed for decision making. {T}herefore, spatial analysis methods that leverage available data to provide local estimates of {HIV} prevalence may be useful. {S}uch methods exist but have not been formally compared when applied to {HIV}.
{D}esign/methods: {S}ix candidate methods &8211; including those used by the {J}oint {U}nited {N}ations {P}rogramme on {HIV}/{AIDS} to generate maps and a {B}ayesian geostatistical approach applied to other diseases &8211; were used to generate maps and subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence across three countries using cluster level data from household surveys. {T}wo approaches were used to assess the accuracy of predictions: internal validation, whereby a proportion of input data is held back (test dataset) to challenge predictions; and comparison with location-specific data from household surveys in earlier years.
{R}esults: {E}ach of the methods can generate usefully accurate predictions of prevalence at unsampled locations, with the magnitude of the error in predictions similar across approaches. {H}owever, the {B}ayesian geostatistical approach consistently gave marginally the strongest statistical performance across countries and validation procedures.
{C}onclusions: {A}vailable methods may be able to furnish estimates of {HIV} prevalence at finer spatial scales than the data currently allow. {T}he subnational variation revealed can be integrated into planning to ensure responsiveness to the spatial features of the epidemic. {T}he {B}ayesian geostatistical approach is a promising strategy for integrating {HIV} data to generate robust local estimates.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  journal = {{A}ids},
  volume = {30},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {1467--1474},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000001075},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067180},
}

@article{fdi:010067346,
  title = {{L}es hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec d'autres hommes ({HSH}) et l'infection {\`a} {VIH} {\`a} {O}uagadougou, {B}urkina {F}aso : connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et enqu{\^e}te de s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence [+ {E}rratum, 1 p.]},
  author = {{D}ah, {T}.{T}.{E} and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {G}uiard-{S}chmid, {J}.{B}. and {B}ecquet, {R}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}osition du probl{\`e}me : {A} l'instar de plusieurs pays africains, la question des rapports sexuels entre hommes au {B}urkina {F}aso reste taboue et est parfois cause d'exclusion sociale. {C}ette population qui est vuln{\'e}rable face au {VIH} sida est m{\'e}connue, car n'ayant pas souvent fait l'objet d'exploration scientifique.
{O}bjectif : {L}'objectif de notre {\'e}tude {\'e}tait de caract{\'e}riser les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques sexuelles et d'estimer la s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence du {VIH} parmi les {HSH} {\`a} {O}uagadougou.
{M}{\'e}thodes : {U}ne {\'e}tude transversale {\`a} vis{\'e}e descriptive et analytique a {\'e}t{\'e} conduite aupr{\`e}s de {HSH} r{\'e}sidant {\`a} {O}uagadougou recrut{\'e}s par la technique de « boule de neige », âg{\'e}s d'au moins 18 ans et acceptant de participer {\`a} l'{\'e}tude. {L}es donn{\'e}es ont {\'e}t{\'e} recueillies par un questionnaire administr{\'e} en face-{\`a}-face par deux enqu{\^e}teurs form{\'e}s. {L}e test de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} a {\'e}t{\'e} syst{\'e}matiquement propos{\'e} aux enqu{\^e}t{\'e}s.
{R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 142 {HSH} ont {\'e}t{\'e} recrut{\'e}s durant la p{\'e}riode d'{\'e}tude. {L}'{\'e}chantillon {\'e}tait constitu{\'e} {\`a} majorit{\'e} d'{\'e}l{\`e}ves ou d'{\'e}tudiants (60,8 %), de c{\'e}libataires (91 %) avec un âge compris entre 18 et 30 ans (96,5 %). {L}e score m{\'e}dian de connaissance vis-{\`a}-vis du {VIH} {\'e}tait de 8/10. {L}a s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence du {VIH} {\'e}tait estim{\'e}e {\`a} 8,9 % (4,5&8211;15,4).
{C}onclusion : {N}otre {\'e}tude confirme la vuln{\'e}rabilit{\'e} des {HSH} de {O}uagadougou vis-{\`a}-vis du {VIH} vu la s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence {\'e}lev{\'e}e de l'infection par le {VIH}. {D}es interventions cibl{\'e}es de pr{\'e}vention, de prise en charge et de recherche scientifique s'imposent aux autorit{\'e}s afin de p{\'e}renniser les acquis nationaux de la lutte contre le {VIH} sida.},
  keywords = {{COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {POPULATION} {URBAINE} ; {EXCLUSION} {SOCIALE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {OUAGADOUGOU}},
  journal = {{R}evue d'{E}pid{\'e}miologie et de {S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique},
  volume = {64},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {295--300 [+ {E}rratum, 1 p.]},
  ISSN = {0398-7620},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.respe.2016.02.008},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067346},
}

@article{fdi:010067455,
  title = {{A}ccess to {HIV} care in the context of universal test and treat : challenges within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica [+ supplementary files]},
  author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {E}l {F}arouki, {K}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {L}ert, {F}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. 20913 [12 p. + annexes, 9 p.]},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.7448/{IAS}.19.1.20913},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067455},
}

@article{fdi:010067564,
  title = {{F}aisabilit{\'e} et repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e} d'une enqu{\^e}te t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique avec {\'e}chantillonnage al{\'e}atoire de lignes mobiles en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}assoum, {O}. and {K}akou, {E}. and {F}radier, {Y}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {G}roupe {DOD}-{CI} {ANRS} 12 287},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{C}et article pr{\'e}sente les r{\'e}sultats d'une enqu{\^e}te exploratoire pilote sur le d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}/sida ({DOD}-{CI}) visant {\`a} tester la faisabilit{\'e} et la repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e} d'une enqu{\^e}te nationale en population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire {\`a} partir d'un {\'e}chantillon al{\'e}atoire de num{\'e}ros de t{\'e}l{\'e}phones portables. {L}es refus ont {\'e}t{\'e} peu nombreux et inf{\'e}rieurs {\`a} ce qui est habituellement observ{\'e} dans des enqu{\^e}tes similaires en {F}rance. {E}n termes de repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e}, l'{\'e}chantillon obtenu s'av{\`e}re {\^e}tre plus jeune, plus urbain et plus masculin. {N}ous avons compar{\'e} quatre indicateurs de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}/sida avec l'{E}nqu{\^e}te d{\'e}mographique et de sant{\'e} ({EDS}) r{\'e}alis{\'e}e en 2011-2012. {D}u fait de biais de s{\'e}lection diff{\'e}rents dans les deux enqu{\^e}tes, les indicateurs {\'e}taient plus {\'e}lev{\'e}s que ceux observ{\'e}s dans l'{EDS} 2011-2012. {C}ependant, les diff{\'e}rentiels observ{\'e}s par sexe, groupe d'âges, niveau d'instruction et milieu de r{\'e}sidence {\'e}taient similaires. {I}l para{\^i}t d{\`e}s lors envisageable de r{\'e}aliser une enqu{\^e}te nationale en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire selon cette approche, en op{\'e}rant plusieurs ajustements, dont la prise en compte des non-abonn{\'e}s {\`a} des t{\'e}l{\'e}phones mobiles r{\'e}sidant dans le m{\^e}me m{\'e}nage qu'un abonn{\'e}.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{P}opulation},
  volume = {71},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {123--134},
  ISSN = {0032-4663},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.3917/popu.1601.0121},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067564},
}

@article{fdi:010067565,
  title = {{F}easibility and representativeness of a random sample mobile phone survey in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}assoum, {O}. and {K}akou, {E}. and {F}radier, {Y}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {G}roupe {DOD}-{CI} {ANRS} 12 287 and {D}utreuilh, {C}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his short paper presents the results of an exploratory pilot survey on {HIV}-{AIDS} screening ({DOD}-{CI}) conducted in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire to test the feasibility and representativeness of a national general population survey based on a random sample of mobile phone numbers. {T}he refusal rate was low, and below the levels habitually observed for similar surveys conducted in {F}rance. {I}n terms of representativeness, the sample obtained was younger, more urban and more masculine than the population in general. {F}our {HIV}-{AIDS} screening indicators were compared with those obtained in the {D}emographic and {H}ealth survey ({DHS}) conducted in 2011-2012. {O}wing to differences in selection biases affecting the two surveys, the indicators were higher than those observed in the {DHS} 2011-2012. {H}owever, the differences observed by sex, age group, level of education and place of residence were similar. {T}his confirms the feasibility of applying such an approach for a national survey in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, providing that several adjustments are made, such as including non-subscribers living in the same household as a mobile phone subscriber.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{P}opulation {E}nglish {E}dition},
  volume = {71},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {119--129},
  ISSN = {0032-4663},
  year = {2016},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067565},
}

@article{fdi:010067744,
  title = {{F}actors associated with antiretroviral treatment initiation amongst {HIV}-positive individuals linked to care within a universal test and treat programme : early findings of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{B}oyer, {S}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {G}osset, {A}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {S}pire, {B}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}rompt uptake of antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) is essential to ensure the success of universal test and treat ({UTT}) strategies to prevent {HIV} transmission in high-prevalence settings. {W}e describe {ART} initiation rates and associated factors within an ongoing {UTT} cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {HIV}-positive individuals were offered immediate {ART} in the intervention arm vs. national guidelines recommended initiation ({CD}4350cells/mm(3)) in the control arm. {W}e used data collected up to {J}uly 2015 among the {ART}-eligible individuals linked to {T}as{P} clinics before {J}anuary 2015. {ART} initiation rates at one ({M}1), three ({M}3) and six months ({M}6) from baseline visit were described by cluster and {CD}4 count strata (cells/mm(3)) and other eligibility criteria: 100; 100-200; 200-350; {CD}4>350 with {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy; {CD}4>350 without {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy. {A} {C}ox model accounting for covariate effect changes over time was used to assess factors associated with {ART} initiation. {T}he 514 participants had a median [interquartile range] follow-up duration of 1.08 [0.69; 2.07] months until {ART} initiation or last visit. {ART} initiation rates at {M}1 varied substantially (36.9% in the group {CD}4>350 without {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy, and 55.2-71.8% in the three groups with {CD}4350) but less at {M}6 (from 85.3% in the first group to 96.1-98.3% in the three other groups). {F}actors associated with lower {ART} initiation at {M}1 were a higher {CD}4 count and attending clinics with both high patient load and higher cluster {HIV} prevalence. {A}fter {M}1, having a regular partner was the only factor associated with higher likelihood of {ART} initiation. {T}hese findings suggest good {ART} uptake within a {UTT} setting, even among individuals with high {CD}4 count. {H}owever, inadequate staffing and healthcare professional practices could result in prioritizing {ART} initiation in patients with the lowest {CD}4 counts.},
  keywords = {{HIV} infection ; universal test and treat strategy ; early antiretroviral treatment ; {T}as{P} trial ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {39--51},
  ISSN = {0954-0121},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1164808},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067744},
}

@article{fdi:010067745,
  title = {"{I}t is better to die": experiences of traditional health practitioners within the {HIV} treatment as prevention trial communities in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial)},
  author = {{M}oshabela, {M}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}c{G}rath, {N}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica uses a test and treat approach. {H}ome-based testing services and antiretroviral treatment initiation satellite clinics were implemented in every cluster as part of the trial. {A} social science research agenda was nested within {T}as{P} with the aim of understanding the social, economic and contextual factors that affect individuals, households, communities and health systems with respect to {T}as{P}. {C}onsidering the rural nature of the trial setting, we sought to understand community perceptions and experiences of the {T}as{P} {T}rial interventions as seen through the eyes of traditional health practitioners ({THP}s). {A} qualitative study design was adopted using four repeat focus group discussions conducted with nine {THP}s, combined with community walks and photo-voice techniques, over a period of 18 months. {A} descriptive, interpretive and explanatory approach to analysis was adopted. {F}indings indicate that {THP}s engaged with the home-based testing services and {HIV} clinics established for {T}as{P}. {S}pecifically, home-based testing services were perceived as relatively successful in increasing access to {HIV} testing. {A} major gap observed by {THP}s was linkage to {HIV} clinics. {M}ost of their clients, and some of the {THP}s themselves, found it difficult to use {HIV} clinics due to fear of labelling, stigma and discrimination, and the ensuing personal implications of unsolicited disclosure. {O}n the one hand, a growing number of patients diagnosed with {HIV} have found sanctuary with {THP}s as alternatives to clinics. {O}n the other hand, {THP}s in turn have been struggling to channel patients suspected of {HIV} into clinics through referrals. {T}herefore, acceptability of the {T}as{P} test and treat approach by {THP}s is a major boost to the intervention, but further success can be achieved through strengthened ties with communities to combat stigma and effectively link patients into {HIV} care, including partnerships with {THP}s themselves.},
  keywords = {{HIV} testing ; antiretroviral treatment ; treatment-as-prevention ; traditional healers ; {HIV} stigma ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {24--32},
  ISSN = {0954-0121},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1181296},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067745},
}

@article{fdi:010067746,
  title = {{C}ommunity perceptions of repeat {HIV}-testing : experiences of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {C}hikovore, {J}. and {G}illespie, {N}. and {G}rant, {M}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n the context of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) trial, we investigated perceptions of regular and repeat {HIV}-testing in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal ({S}outh {A}frica), an area of very high {HIV} prevalence and incidence. {W}e conducted two qualitative studies, before (2010) and during the early implementation stages of the trial (2013-2014), to appreciate the evolution in community perceptions of repeat {HIV}-testing over this period of rapid changes in {HIV}-testing and treatment approaches. {R}epeated focus group discussions were organized with young adults, older adults and mixed groups. {R}epeat and regular {HIV}-testing was overall well perceived before, and well received during, trial implementation. {Y}et community members were not able to articulate reasons why people might want to test regularly or repeatedly, apart from individual sexual risk-taking. {R}epeat home-based {HIV}-testing was considered as feasible and convenient, and described as more acceptable than clinic-based {HIV}-testing, mostly because of privacy and confidentiality. {H}owever, socially regulated discourses around appropriate sexual behaviour and perceptions of stigma and prejudice regarding {HIV} and sexual risk-taking were consistently reported. {T}his study suggests several avenues to improve {HIV}-testing acceptability, including implementing diverse and personalised approaches to {HIV}-testing and care, and providing opportunities for antiretroviral therapy initiation and care at home.},
  keywords = {{S}outh {A}frica ; {HIV} ; testing ; community ; {UTT} ; treatment as prevention ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {14--23},
  ISSN = {0954-0121},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1164805},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067746},
}

@article{fdi:010068181,
  title = {{U}ptake of home-based hiv testing, linkage to care, and community attitudes about art in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : descriptive results from the first phase of the anrs 12249 tasp cluster-randomised trial},
  author = {{I}wuji, {C}. {C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}kesola, {N}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {D}abis, {F}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {T}he 2015 {WHO} recommendation of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) for all immediately following {HIV} diagnosis is partially based on the anticipated impact on {HIV} incidence in the surrounding population. {W}e investigated this approach in a cluster-randomised trial in a high {HIV} prevalence setting in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal. {W}e present findings from the first phase of the trial and report on uptake of home-based {HIV} testing, linkage to care, uptake of {ART}, and community attitudes about {ART}. {M}ethods and {F}indings {B}etween 9 {M}arch 2012 and 22 {M}ay 2014, five clusters in the intervention arm (immediate {ART} offered to all {HIV}-positive adults) and five clusters in the control arm ({ART} offered according to national guidelines, i.e., {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l) contributed to the first phase of the trial. {H}ouseholds were visited every 6 mo. {F}ollowing informed consent and administration of a study questionnaire, each resident adult (>= 16 y) was asked for a finger-prick blood sample, which was used to estimate {HIV} prevalence, and offered a rapid {HIV} test using a serial {HIV} testing algorithm. {A}ll {HIV}-positive adults were referred to the trial clinic in their cluster. {T}hose not linked to care 3 mo after identification were contacted by a linkage-to-care team. {S}tudy procedures were not blinded. {I}n all, 12,894 adults were registered as eligible for participation (5,790 in intervention arm; 7,104 in control arm), of whom 9,927 (77.0%) were contacted at least once during household visits. {HIV} status was ever ascertained for a total of 8,233/9,927 (82.9%), including 2,569 ascertained as {HIV}-positive (942 tested {HIV}-positive and 1,627 reported a known {HIV}-positive status). {O}f the 1,177 {HIV}-positive individuals not previously in care and followed for at least 6 mo in the trial, 559 (47.5%) visited their cluster trial clinic within 6 mo. {I}n the intervention arm, 89% (194/218) initiated {ART} within 3 mo of their first clinic visit. {I}n the control arm, 42.3%(83/196) had a {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l at first visit, of whom 92.8% initiated {ART} within 3 mo. {R}egarding attitudes about {ART}, 93% (8,802/9,460) of participants agreed with the statement that they would want to start {ART} as soon as possible if {HIV}-positive. {E}stimated baseline {HIV} prevalence was 30.5%(2,028/6,656) (95% {CI} 25.0%, 37.0%). {HIV} prevalence, uptake of home-based {HIV} testing, linkage to care within 6 mo, and initiation of {ART} within 3 mo in those with {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l did not differ significantly between the intervention and control clusters. {S}election bias related to noncontact could not be entirely excluded. {C}onclusions {H}ome-based {HIV} testing was well received in this rural population, although men were less easily contactable at home; immediate {ART} was acceptable, with good viral suppression and retention. {H}owever, only about half of {HIV}-positive people accessed care within 6 mo of being identified, with nearly two-thirds accessing care by 12 mo. {T}he observed delay in linkage to care would limit the individual and public health {ART} benefits of universal testing and treatment in this population.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{P}los {M}edicine},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {p. art. e1002107 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {1549-1676},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002107},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068181},
}

@article{fdi:010069478,
  title = {{T}he impact of universal test and treat on {HIV} incidence in a rural {S}outh {A}frican population : {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial, 2012-2016},
  author = {{I}wuji, {C}. and {O}me-{G}liemann, {J}. and {B}alestre, {E}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {M}akowa, {T}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {O}liveira, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {A}nrs 12249 {T}asp {S}tudy {G}roup},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {p. {FRAC}0105{LB}},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2016},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069478},
}

@article{fdi:010076321,
  title = {{M}en, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{C}hikovore, {J}. and {G}illepsie, {N}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}agaon {T}eyssier, {L}uis and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup and et al.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}en's poorer engagement with healthcare generally and {HIV} care specifically, compared to women, is well-described. {W}ithin the {HIV} public health domain, interest is growing in universal test and treat ({UTT}) strategies. {UTT} strategies refer to the expansion of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in order to reduce onward transmission and incidence of {HIV} in a population, through a treatment as prevention ({T}as{P}). {T}his paper focuses on how masculinity influences engagement with {HIV} care in the context of an on-going {T}as{P} trial. {D}ata were collected in {J}anuary-{N}ovember 2013 using 20 in-depth interviews, 10 of them repeated thrice, and 4 focus group discussions, each repeated four times. {A}nalysis combined inductive and deductive approaches for coding and the review and consolidation of emerging themes. {T}he accounts detailed men's unwillingness to engage with {HIV} testing and care, seemingly tied to their pursuit of valued masculinity constructs such as having strength and control, being sexually competent, and earning income. {A}rticulated through fears regarding getting an {HIV}-positive diagnosis, observations that men preferred traditional medicine and that primary health centres were not welcoming to men, descriptions that men used lay measures to ascertain {HIV} status, and insinuations by men that they were removed from {HIV} risk, the indisposition to {HIV} care contrasted markedly with an apparent readiness to test among women. {G}endered tensions thus emerged which were amplified in the context where valued masculinity representations were constantly threatened. {A}mid the tensions, men struggled with disclosing their {HIV} status, and used various strategies to avoid or postpone disclosing, or disclose indirectly, while women's ability to access care readily, use condoms, or communicate about {HIV} appeared similarly curtailed. {UTT} and {T}as{P} promotion should heed and incorporate into policy and health service delivery models the intrapersonal tensions, and the conflict, and poor and indirect communication at the micro-relational levels of couples and families.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{AIDS} {C}are.{P}sychological and {S}ociomedical {A}spects of {AIDS}/{HIV}},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {{S}uppl. 3},
  pages = {74--82},
  ISSN = {0954-0121},
  year = {2016},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076321},
}

@article{fdi:010070398,
  title = {{L}e {F}onds mondial : un bailleur comme les autres ? {L}'exemple de la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire},
  author = {{B}ekelynck, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}asumbuko, {J}.{M}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {AIDE} {AU} {DEVELOPPEMENT} ; {COOPERATION} {INTERNATIONALE} ; {FINANCEMENT} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{T}ransversal},
  volume = {19 sept.},
  pages = {[en ligne]},
  ISSN = {2391-7385},
  year = {2016},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070398},
}

@article{fdi:010063987,
  title = {{A}ddressing social issues in a universal {HIV} test and treat intervention trial ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P}) in {S}outh {A}frica : methods for appraisal},
  author = {{O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oyer, {S}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {S}pire, {B}. and {R}ochat, {T}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he {U}niversal {HIV} {T}est and {T}reat ({UTT}) strategy represents a challenge for science, but is also a challenge for individuals and societies. {A}re repeated offers of provider-initiated {HIV} testing and immediate antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) socially-acceptable and can these become normalized over time? {C}an {UTT} be implemented without potentially adding to individual and community stigma, or threatening individual rights? {W}hat are the social, cultural and economic implications of {UTT} for households and communities? {A}nd can {UTT} be implemented within capacity constraints and other threats to the overall provision of {HIV} services? {T}he answers to these research questions will be critical for routine implementation of {UTT} strategies. {M}ethods/design: {A} social science research programme is nested within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomised trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {T}he programme aims to inform understanding of the (i) social, economic and environmental factors affecting uptake of services at each step of the continuum of {HIV} prevention, treatment and care and (ii) the causal impacts of the {T}as{P} intervention package on social and economic factors at the individual, household, community and health system level. {W}e describe a multidisciplinary, multi-level, mixed-method research protocol that includes individual, household, community and clinic surveys, and combines quantitative and qualitative methods. {D}iscussion: {T}he {UTT} strategy is changing the overall approach to {HIV} prevention, treatment and care, and substantial social consequences may be anticipated, such as changes in social representations of {HIV} transmission, prevention, {HIV} testing and {ART} use, as well as changes in individual perceptions and behaviours in terms of uptake and frequency of {HIV} testing and {ART} initiation at high {CD}4. {T}riangulation of social science studies within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial will provide comprehensive insights into the acceptability and feasibility of the {T}as{P} intervention package at individual, community, patient and health system level, to complement the trial's clinical and epidemiological outcomes. {I}t will also increase understanding of the causal impacts of {UTT} on social and economic outcomes, which will be critical for the long-term sustainability and routine {UTT} implementation.},
  keywords = {{HIV} infections ; {HIV} testing ; {C}ommunity ; {HIV} care ; {A}ntiretroviral treatment ; {S}ocial ; {B}ehaviour ; {C}ost ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{B}mc {P}ublic {H}ealth},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {p. art. 209 [14 p.]},
  ISSN = {1471-2458},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12889-015-1344-y},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063987},
}

@article{fdi:010064170,
  title = {{P}articipation dynamics in population-based longitudinal {HIV} surveillance in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}ossong, {J}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}opulation-based {HIV} surveillance is crucial to inform understanding of the {HIV} pandemic and evaluate {HIV} interventions, but little is known about longitudinal participation patterns in such settings. {W}e investigated the dynamics of longitudinal participation patterns in a high {HIV} prevalence surveillance setting in rural {S}outh {A}frica between 2003 and 2012, taking into account demographic dynamics. {A}t any given survey round, 22,708 to 30,495 persons were eligible. {A}lthough the yearly participation rates were relatively modest (26% to 46%), cumulative rates increased substantially with multiple recruitment opportunities: 68% of eligible persons participated at least once, 48% at least twice and 31% at least three times after five survey rounds. {W}e identified two types of study fatigue: at the individual level, contact and consent rates decreased with multiple recruitment opportunities and, at the population level, these rates also decreased over calendar time, independently of multiple recruitment opportunities. {U}sing sequence analysis and hierarchical clustering, we identified three broad individual participation profiles: consenters (20%), switchers (43%) and refusers (37%). {M}en were over represented among refusers, women among consenters, and temporary non-residents among switchers. {T}he specific subgroup of persons who were systemically not contacted or refusers constitutes a challenge for population-based surveillance and interventions.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {p. e0123345 [16 p.]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0123345},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064170},
}

@article{fdi:010064887,
  title = {{E}ntry into care following universal home-based {HIV} testing in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : the {ANRS} {T}as{P} 12249 cluster-randomized trial},
  author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {E}l{F}arouki, {K}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {{S}uppl. 4},
  pages = {78--79},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.7448/ias.18.5.20409},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064887},
}

@article{fdi:010064888,
  title = {{D}oes a universal test and treat strategy impact {ART} adherence in rural {S}outh {A}frica ? {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial},
  author = {{I}wuji, {C}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {C}almy, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {P}orter, {K}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {{S}uppl. 4},
  pages = {16--17},
  ISSN = {1758-2652},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.7448/ias.18.5.20340},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064888},
}

@article{fdi:010066646,
  title = {{L}es h{\'e}patites virales {B} et {C} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : l'urgence d'une dynamisation de la lutte},
  author = {{E}nel, {C}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {N}'{D}ri {Y}oman, {T}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{E}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, malgr{\'e} une pr{\'e}valence d'environ 12% du {VHB} et 5% du {VHC}, le d{\'e}pistage et la prise en charge des h{\'e}patites virales {B} et {C} demeurent tr{\`e}s limit{\'e}s. {U}ne {\'e}tude qualitative a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}e en 2013 {\`a} {A}bidjan pour {\'e}valuer les modalit{\'e}s de d{\'e}pistage et de prise en charge de ces infections. {L}es r{\'e}sultats r{\'e}v{\`e}lent la m{\'e}connaissance des h{\'e}patites tant dans la population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale que parmi les soignants non sp{\'e}cialistes. {L}'offre et la demande de d{\'e}pistage sont restreintes et la formation insuffisante du personnel de sant{\'e} engendre des occasions manqu{\'e}es. {S}euls les donneurs de sang sont syst{\'e}matiquement d{\'e}pist{\'e}s, mais la pr{\'e}vention par la vaccination et la prise en charge sont peu effectives, faute de moyens financiers. {O}fficiellement, les traitements sont disponibles, mais inaccessibles du fait de leur coût {\'e}lev{\'e}, en l'absence de couverture maladie universelle. {L}e {P}rogramme {N}ational de {L}utte contre les {H}{\'e}patites {V}irales, cr{\'e}{\'e} en 2008, ne dispose pas du budget n{\'e}cessaire pour pratiquer d{\'e}pistage, prise en charge, pr{\'e}vention et campagnes de sensibilisation. {L}'absence de mobilisation financi{\`e}re internationale, comme celle qu'a connue l'{\'e}pid{\'e}mie de {VIH}, est v{\'e}cue comme une injustice, tant par les m{\'e}decins sp{\'e}cialis{\'e}s qui ont les comp{\'e}tences pour traiter la maladie mais pas les moyens de les mettre au service des patients, que par les personnes porteuses d'une h{\'e}patite chronique {B} et/ou {C}. {I}l appara{\^i}t donc urgent de dynamiser et renforcer la lutte contre les h{\'e}patites {B} et {C} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  journal = {{J}ournal {A}fricain d'{H}{\'e}pato-{G}astroent{\'e}rologie},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {94--98},
  ISSN = {1954-3204},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1007/s12157-015-0596-6},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066646},
}

@article{fdi:010070399,
  title = {{D}{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {A}frique : enjeux actuels},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  journal = {{VIH}.org [blog]},
  volume = {24 sept.},
  pages = {[en ligne]},
  year = {2015},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070399},
}

@inproceedings{fdi:010070397,
  title = {{D}{\'e}pistage et traitement universel : enjeux et {\'e}tat de la recherche },
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {ESSAI} {CLINIQUE} ; {PROGRAMME} {DE} {RECHERCHE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {AFRIQUE} {AUSTRALE}},
  pages = {55--62},
  booktitle = {{L}es nouveaux enjeux de la pr{\'e}vention combin{\'e}e du {VIH}/sida : des apports scientifiques aux pratiques de terrain},
  year = {2015},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070397},
}

@article{fdi:010063252,
  title = {{HIV} estimates at second subnational level from national population-bases surveys},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}endaud, {V}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjectives:{A} better understanding of the subnational variations could be paramount to the efficiency and effectiveness of the response to the {HIV} epidemic. {T}he purpose of this study is to describe the methodology used to produce the first estimates at second subnational level released by {UNAIDS}.
{M}ethods:{W}e selected national population-based surveys with {HIV} testing and survey clusters geolocation, conducted in 2008 or later. {A} kernel density estimation approach (prev{R}) with adaptive bandwidths was used to generate a surface of {HIV} prevalence. {T}his surface was combined with {L}and{S}can global population distribution grid to estimate the spatial distribution of people living with {HIV} ({PLWHIV}). {F}inally, results were adjusted to national {UNAIDS}'s published estimates and merged per second subnational administrative unit. {A}n indicator of the quality of the estimates was computed for each administrative unit.
{R}esults:{T}hese estimates combine two complementary approaches: the prev{R} method, focusing on spatial variations of {HIV} prevalence, as well as national estimates published by {UNAIDS}, taking into account trends of {HIV} prevalence over time. {S}eventeen country reports have been produced. {H}owever, quality of the estimates at second subnational level is highly heterogonous between countries, depending on the number of units and the survey sampling size. {I}n some countries, estimates at second subnational level are very uncertain and should be interpreted with caution.
{C}onclusion:{T}hese estimates at second subnational level constitute a first step to help countries to better understand their {HIV} epidemic and to inform programming at lower geographical levels. {F}urther developments are needed to better match local needs.},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {{T}he 2013/14 {UNAIDS} estimates methods : extending the scope and granularity of {HIV} estimates },
  journal = {{AIDS}},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {{S}uppl. 4},
  pages = {{S}469--476},
  ISSN = {0269-9370},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000000480},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063252},
}

@article{fdi:010063442,
  title = {{HIV} ascertainment through repeat home-based testing in the context of a treatment as prevention trial ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P}) in rural {S}outh {A}frica},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}alestre, {E}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}ert, {F}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {METHODE} {DE} {LUTTE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {TEST} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {COMMUNAUTE} {VILLAGEOISE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}},
  journal = {{AIDS} {R}esearch and {H}uman {R}etroviruses},
  volume = {30},
  numero = {{S}uppl. 1},
  pages = {p. {A}287},
  ISSN = {1931-8405},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1089/aid.2014.5650.abstract},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063442},
}

@article{fdi:010063533,
  title = {{A}ppr{\'e}hender la structure {\'e}co-d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages {\`a} partir d'enqu{\^e}tes {\'e}conomiques : l'exemple des {E}nqu{\^e}tes sur les {D}{\'e}penses des {M}{\'e}nages 2008},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {C}oulibaly, {S}. and {K}oriko, {O}. and {F}all, {M}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{L}ieu premier de socialisation des individus, le m{\'e}nage constitue une dimension essentielle {\`a} la compr{\'e}hension des changements {\`a} l'oeuvre dans les soci{\'e}t{\'e}s africaines. {U}ne description fine de la structure d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages n{\'e}cessite des dispositifs de collecte complexes et coûteux. {C}ependant, m{\^e}me avec des enqu{\^e}tes dont la finalit{\'e} premi{\`e}re n&8217;est pas l'analyse d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages, il est d{\'e}j{\`a} possible de dresser un panorama de leur diversit{\'e}. {D}ans cet article, en partant des {E}nqu{\^e}tes sur les {D}{\'e}penses des {M}{\'e}nages men{\'e}es en 2008 dans les capitales de l'{UEMOA}, nous montrons comment il est possible de tirer parti de la variable &8220;dispose d&8217;un revenu mon{\'e}taire&8221; pour construire une typologie « {\'e}co-d{\'e}mographique » des m{\'e}nages, rendant compte de leur taille et de leur structure de d{\'e}pendance et permettant de traduire la diversit{\'e} des situations rencontr{\'e}es par les familles usuellement class{\'e}es comme « {\'e}largies ».},
  keywords = {{ABIDJAN} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {BAMAKO} ; {MALI} ; {BISSAU} ; {GUINEE} {BISSAU} ; {COTONOU} ; {BENIN} ; {DAKAR} ; {SENEGAL} ; {LOME} ; {TOGO} ; {NIAMEY} ; {NIGER} ; {OUAGADOUGOU} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  journal = {{S}tat{\'e}co},
  volume = {108},
  pages = {75--97},
  ISSN = {0224-098{X}},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063533},
}

@book{fdi:010063381,
  title = {{M}alawi. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {SEROPOSITIVITE} ; {MALAWI}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {11},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063381},
}

@book{fdi:010063383,
  title = {{H}a{\¨ie}ti. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {HAITI}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {17},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063383},
}

@book{fdi:010063384,
  title = {{B}urundi. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {BURUNDI}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {17},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063384},
}

@book{fdi:010063385,
  title = {{B}urkina {F}aso. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {17},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063385},
}

@book{fdi:010063393,
  title = {{C}ameroon. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {CAMEROUN}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {21},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063393},
}

@book{fdi:010063395,
  title = {{C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {21},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063395},
}

@book{fdi:010063490,
  title = {{R}wanda. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {RWANDA}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {13},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063490},
}

@book{fdi:010063745,
  title = {{L}esotho. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {LESOTHO}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {16},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063745},
}

@book{fdi:010063765,
  title = {{Z}imbabwe. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ZIMBABWE}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {18},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063765},
}

@book{fdi:010063766,
  title = {{G}uinea. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{GUINEE}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {17},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063766},
}

@book{fdi:010063819,
  title = {{T}anzania. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {TANZANIE}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {24},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063819},
}

@book{fdi:010063820,
  title = {{U}ganda. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {OUGANDA}},
  adress = {{G}en{\`e}ve},
  publisher = {{UNAIDS}},
  pages = {22},
  year = {2014},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063820},
}

@article{fdi:010059973,
  title = {{E}valuation of the impact of immediate versus {WHO} recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on {HIV} incidence : the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} (treatment as prevention) trial in {H}labisa sub-district, {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial},
  author = {{I}wuji, {C}.{C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {L}essells, {R}.{J}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}. and {B}ärnighausen, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {B}land, {R}. and de {O}liveira, {T}. and {V}iljoen, {J}. and {N}ewell, {C}. and {N}aidu, {K}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}pire, {B}. and {C}haix, {M}.{L}. and {K}archer, {S}. and {T}hi{\'e}baut, {R}. and {F}reeberg, {K}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {VIRUS} ; {INFECTION} ; {TRANSMISSION} ; {CONTAMINATION} ; {DIAGNOSTIC} ; {MEDICAMENT} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {EFFICACITE} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {ESSAI} {CLINIQUE} ; {TOXICITE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SOCIAL} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {RANDOMISATION} ; {EFFET} {SECONDAIRE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {KWAZULU} ; {NATAL} ; {HLABISA}},
  journal = {{T}rials},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {230},
  pages = {1--15},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1186/1745-6215-14-230},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059973},
}

@article{fdi:010057891,
  title = {{E}pid{\'e}mies g{\'e}n{\'e}ralis{\'e}es et concentr{\'e}es : une {\'e}pid{\'e}mie peut en cacher une autre},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {{C}ompte rendu de la 19{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence internationale sur le sida},
  journal = {{T}ranscriptases},
  volume = {149},
  pages = {p. 29},
  year = {2012},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057891},
}

@article{fdi:010057892,
  title = {{L}e {T}as{P} toujours plus pr{\'e}sent},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {{C}ompte rendu de la 19{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence internationale sur le sida},
  journal = {{T}ranscriptases},
  volume = {149},
  pages = {51--54},
  year = {2012},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057892},
}

@book{fdi:010059399,
  title = {{D}emopaedia : dictionnaire d{\'e}mographique multilingue},
  author = {{D}{\'e}sesquelle, {A}. and {M}esl{\'e}, {F}. and {D}uth{\'e}, {G}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {POPULATION} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {NUPTIALITE} ; {FECONDITE} ; {NATALITE} ; {MORTALITE} ; {MOBILITE} ; {DONNEES} {STATISTIQUES} ; {DICTIONNAIRE} ; {TRANSITION} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE}},
  adress = {{P}aris},
  publisher = {{D}emopaedia},
  pages = {195},
  year = {2012},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059399},
}

@incollection{fdi:010058446,
  title = {{C}artographier les donn{\'e}es des enqu{\^e}tes d{\'e}mographiques et de sant{\'e} {\`a} partir des coordonn{\'e}es des zones d'enqu{\^e}te},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {Y}aro, {S}. and {V}allo, {R}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}das, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {MILIEU} {URBAIN} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {MODELE} ; {SIMULATION} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {SONDAGE} {EN} {GRAPPE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {{L}es syst{\`e}mes d'information en d{\'e}mographie et en sciences sociales : nouvelles questions, nouveaux outils ? : actes de la {C}haire {Q}u{\'e}telet 2006},
  pages = {421--447},
  adress = {{L}ouvain-la-{N}euve},
  publisher = {{P}resses {U}niversitaires de {L}ouvain},
  year = {2012},
  ISBN = {978-2-87558-075-7},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010058446},
}

@article{fdi:010052060,
  title = {{M}{\'e}thodes pour cartographier les tendances r{\'e}gionales de la pr{\'e}valence du {VIH} {\`a} partir des enqu{\^e}tes d{\'e}mographiques et de sant{\'e} ({EDS})},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {MODELISATION} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  journal = {{C}ybergeo : {E}uropean {J}ournal of {G}eography},
  numero = {539},
  pages = {27 p.},
  ISSN = {1278-3366},
  year = {2011},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052060},
}

@article{fdi:010053205,
  title = {{M}ethods for mapping regional trends of {HIV} prevalence from demographic and health surveys ({DHS})},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}.},
  language = {{ENG} ; },
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {MODELISATION} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  journal = {{C}ybergeo : {E}uropean {J}ournal of {G}eography},
  numero = {558},
  pages = {27 p.},
  year = {2011},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053205},
}

@article{fdi:010048898,
  title = {{R}eduction in risk-taking behaviors among {MSM} in {S}enegal between 2004 and 2007 and prevalence of {HIV} and others {STI}s},
  author = {{W}ade, {A}.{S}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iop, {A}.{K}. and {D}iop, {O}. and {G}ueye, {K}. and {M}arra, {A}dama and {S}ene, {A}. and {E}nel, {C}. and {N}iang {D}iallo, {P}. and {T}oure {K}ane, {N}.{C}. and {M}boup, {S}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {HOMME} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PROSTITUTION} ; {ENQUETE} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {SENEGAL} ; {DAKAR} ; {SAINT} {LOUIS} ; {MBOUR} ; {THIES} ; {KAOLACK}},
  journal = {{AIDS} {C}are},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {409--414},
  ISSN = {1360-0451},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1080/09540120903253973},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048898},
}

@article{fdi:010049404,
  title = {{F}actors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in {D}ouala, {C}ameroon},
  author = {{H}enry, {E}. and {M}arcellin, {F}. and {Y}omb, {Y}. and {F}ugon, {L}. and {N}emande, {S}. and {G}ueboguo, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}renado, {E}. and {E}boko, {F}red and {S}pire, {B}.},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjectives {R}esearch on men who have sex with men ({MSM}) in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica was neglected for a long time. {T}he objective of this study was to understand factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse ({UAI}) with male partners among a group of {MSM} living in the city of {D}ouala, {C}ameroon. {M}ethods {I}n 2008, a survey on the sexual activity and practices of {MSM} was set up in {D}ouala in collaboration with a local community-based organisation. {D}ata were collected among a convenience sample of 168 {MSM} during face-to-face interviews with trained interviewers. {R}esults {A} total of 142 individuals reported sexual activity during the previous 6 months, among whom 80 (57%) reported {UAI} with male partners. {I}n a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for the frequency of sexual intercourse, not having had access to prevention interventions and not knowing any {HIV}-infected person were both independently associated with a higher risk of {UAI}. {O}ther factors associated with this higher risk included having had a stable male partnership at some point in one's life and not having been out of {D}ouala for more than 4 weeks during the previous year. {C}onclusions {T}his community-based research is the first study of {MSM} in {C}ameroon and the {HIV} transmission risks they face. {R}esults show the importance of {HIV} prevention interventions from peers, and underline the need to maintain efforts to develop specific interventions targeting {MSM} more efficiently in the {A}frican context.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN} ; {DOUALA}},
  journal = {{S}exually {T}ransmitted {I}nfections},
  volume = {86},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {136--140},
  ISSN = {1368-4973},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1136/sti.2009.036939},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049404},
}

@article{fdi:010050914,
  title = {{M}en who have sex with men ({MSM}) and factors associated with not using a condom at last sexual intercourse with a man and with a woman in {S}enegal},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {W}ade, {A}.{S}. and {D}iop, {A}.{K}. and {D}iop, {O}. and {G}ueye, {K}. and {M}arra, {A}dama and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {SIDA} ; {EDUCATION} {SANITAIRE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {AGE} {PHYSIOLOGIQUE} ; {NIVEAU} {D}'{INSTRUCTION} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {DE} {LA} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {SENEGAL}},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {5},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {p. e13189},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0013189},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010050914},
}

@article{fdi:010045404,
  title = {{P}r{\'e}valence du {VIH} en {A}frique sb-saharienne : historique d'une estimation},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {TAUX} {DE} {MORTALITE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  journal = {{M}{\'e}decine/{S}ciences},
  volume = {25},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {87--92},
  year = {2009},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045404},
}

@article{fdi:010048894,
  title = {{A} propos des partenaires f{\'e}minines des hommes ayant des pratiques homosexuelles au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal},
  author = {{E}nel, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {W}ade, {A}. {S}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SEXUALITE} ; {HOMME} ; {FEMME} ; {RELATION} {DE} {GENRE} ; {SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PROSTITUTION} ; {RAPPORTS} {SOCIAUX} ; {MARIAGE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {IDENTITE} {SEXUELLE} ; {PARTENAIRE} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {CONFIDENTIALITE} ; {RELATIONS} {CONJUGALES} ; {RELATIONS} {INTERPERSONNELLES} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {DAKAR}},
  booktitle = {{L}a fabrique des identit{\'e}s sexuelles},
  journal = {{A}utrepart},
  numero = {49},
  pages = {103--116},
  ISSN = {1278-3986},
  year = {2009},
  ISBN = {978-2-7246-3164-7 ; },
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048894},
}

@article{fdi:010049807,
  title = {{H}omosexualit{\'e} et bisexualit{\'e} au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal : une r{\'e}alit{\'e} multiforme},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {E}nel, {C}. and {W}ade, {A}.},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SEXUALITE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {AGE} {PHYSIOLOGIQUE} ; {SEXE} ; {SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {SOCIALE} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {DE} {LA} {SANTE} ; {VIOLENCE} ; {TYPOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {VIOLENCE} {SEXUELLE} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {SENEGAL}},
  journal = {{P}opulation},
  volume = {64},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {723--756},
  ISSN = {0032-4663},
  year = {2009},
  ISBN = {9782733230985},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049807},
}

@article{fdi:010047224,
  title = {{A}frique subsaharienne : quel outil de mesure du {VIH} ?},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {},
  journal = {{T}ransversal},
  numero = {48},
  pages = {29--30},
  ISSN = {1627-0428},
  year = {2009},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047224},
}

@incollection{PAR00007143,
  title = {{E}stimation des niveaux de pr{\'e}valence du {VIH} dans les pays d'{A}frique sub-saharienne et ajustement possible {\`a} partir des femmes enceintes},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {{S}ant{\'e} de la reproduction au {N}ord et au {S}ud : de la connaissance {\`a} l'action},
  pages = {305--318},
  adress = {{L}ouvain-la-{N}euve},
  publisher = {{P}resses {U}niversitaires de {L}ouvain},
  year = {2009},
  ISBN = {978-2-87463-182-5},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00007143},
}

@techreport{fdi:010047153,
  title = {{E}stimating effect of non response on {HIV} prevalence estimates from demographic and health surveys},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ANALYSE} {MULTIVARIABLE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {SEX} {RATIO} ; {GROUPE} {A} {RISQUE} ; {SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {SURVEILLANCE} {SANITAIRE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  adress = {{P}aris},
  publisher = {{CEPED}},
  series = {{W}orking {P}apers du {CEPED}},
  pages = {9},
  year = {2009},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047153},
}

@article{fdi:010045402,
  title = {{H}omosexuels masculins : une {\'e}pid{\'e}mie sous-estim{\'e}e},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {DROIT} {A} {LA} {SANTE} ; {DISCRIMINATION} {SEXUELLE} ; {MONDE}},
  journal = {{T}ranscriptases},
  numero = {138},
  pages = {61--62},
  year = {2008},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045402},
}

@article{fdi:010045403,
  title = {{A}cc{\`e}s aux antiviraux en {A}frique et baisse de la mortalit{\'e}},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {TAUX} {DE} {MORTALITE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {AFRIQUE}},
  journal = {{T}ranscriptases},
  numero = {137},
  pages = {2--4},
  year = {2008},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045403},
}

@incollection{fdi:010045400,
  title = {{HIV} prevalence estimates : the new deal in {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frican since 2000},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{ENG}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SURVEILLANCE} ; {OBSERVATOIRE} ; {GROUPE} {A} {RISQUE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {PROSPECTIVE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {{T}he political economy of {HIV}/{AIDS} in developing countries : {TRIPS}, public health systems and free access},
  pages = {169--189},
  adress = {{C}heltenham},
  publisher = {{E}. {E}lgar},
  year = {2008},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045400},
}

@inproceedings{fdi:010056256,
  title = {{C}artographier les donn{\'e}es des {E}nqu{\^e}tes {D}{\'e}mographiques et de {S}ant{\'e} {\`a} partir des coordonn{\'e}es des zones d'enqu{\^e}te},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {Y}aro, {S}. and {V}allo, {R}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}edia, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t},
  language = {{FRE}},
  keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SYSTEME} {D}'{INFORMATION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMEROUN}},
  pages = {20 p.},
  year = {2007},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010056256},
}

@phdthesis{PAR00007352,
  title = {{P}r{\'e}valences du {VIH} en {A}frique : validit{\'e} d'une mesure},
  author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph},
  language = {{FRE}},
  abstract = {{L}es pr{\'e}valences nationales du {VIH} sont estim{\'e}es, en {A}frique subsaharienne, {\`a} partir de deux sources : la surveillance sentinelle des femmes enceintes et les enqu{\^e}tes nationales en population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale ({EDS}). {E}n plusieurs endroits, les r{\'e}sultats divergent, questionnant la validit{\'e} de chaque approche. {Q}uelles port{\'e}e, limites et signification objective peuvent {\^e}tre accord{\'e}es aux diverses observations, chacune appr{\'e}hendant le r{\'e}el sous un angle diff{\'e}rent ?{L}es {EDS} constituent un bon indicateur du niveau des {\'e}pid{\'e}mies {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle national et r{\'e}gional, voir infrar{\'e}gional grâce au recours {\`a} des techniques d'analyse spatiale en composantes d'{\'e}chelles. {M}ais leur fr{\'e}quence est inadapt{\'e}e pour mesurer les {\'e}volutions {\`a} court terme. {L}a surveillance sentinelle, estimateur local des ordres de grandeur, peut {\^e}tre un indicateur de tendances sous certaines conditions. {C}ependant, si la situation actuelle commence {\`a} {\^e}tre mieux connue, une mesure r{\'e}elle des dynamiques est encore hors de notre port{\'e}e.},
  keywords = {{VIH}/{SIDA} ; {A}frique subsaharienne ; pr{\'e}valence ; validit{\'e} {\'e}pist{\'e}mologique ; {EDS} ({E}nqu{\^e}tes {D}{\'e}mographiques et de {S}ant{\'e}) ; surveillance sentinelle ; interpolation spatiale ; {\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  adress = {{P}aris},
  publisher = {{U}niversit{\'e} de {P}aris 5},
  pages = {582 p. multigr.},
  year = {2007},
  URL = {http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00007352},
}