Project FISH-DIVA : Maggot - Bioconversion research program in Indonesia concept of new food resources results and applications 2005-2011 : final report

2011

Littérature grise

Hem Saurin

Jakarta : IRD, 2011, 44 p. multigr. + 47 p. d'annexes

The bioconversion of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) is a natural process consisting of extracting nutrients residue in this by-product, into a form of insect larvae biomass. This is a new source of animal proteins and fats for aquaculture. The insect in the bioconversion process (Hermetia illucens, F. Stratiomyidae, O. Diptera) or Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is well known in USA as amongst the best biodegradation agents. The first research program in 2005 to 2007 consisted of investigating the biology and life-cycle of Hermetia in the Indonesian climatic conditions. Many data have existed especially from USA, where BSF has considered as benefited insect which may provide many good services for humanity and environment. However, previous research before any vulgarization to the population we need a strong evidence about the non aggressively from the insect. The life cycle may be different from one place to another. A complete observation has been made on the larvae stage. The number of instars and molting during the pre-pupa stage, have been precisely established. This is a tentative method for aging the larvae stage, which may use as reference mark during the development of the larvae. Larvae aging is a bio-data need to put in relation to the larvae biodegradation activity. This is an example of some news research need that we have done mainly accomplished. Many research topics have been investigated on the adult stage like differentiation male from female or some bio parameters like relative fecundity with female body length or the correlation between eggs mass and it related numbers. All this activities have taken us for two years and the opportunity to provide the research topic for a S2 graduation at the IPB University in Bogor. Two others graduations have been accomplished on microbiology (fungus and bacteria) during the fermentation processing of PKM previously prepared before the larvae take actions. During this research period, we have discovered a biofertilizer come from the metabolism rejects from the larvae. This topic has been proposed to the laboratory of plants physiology of UI (University of Indonesia), another opportunity for a S2 graduation. All this research have put us to involve for two year. After trials in the laboratory in BRBIH Depok, the application actions have been transfer to in the BBAT Sungai Gelam- Jambi, a pre-field application. The goal was to evaluate if any harmful impacts on the environment or on the human being. The tryout for an intensive culture at BBAT Sungai Gelam has been started. During the whole year of 2007, the field test has been shown that high density BSF rearing is possible. The processes have no negative impact on the environment nor on human habitat. The BBAT became a 'show room' to promote maggot for the farmers from the Jambi province and from the bordering provinces like Bengkulu, Riau. The results have concluded that Hermetia population can be domesticated to biodegrade PKM into Maggot biomass for aquaculture. On 2009, a pilot project has been decided in common agreement between IRD/BRKP/DGA, together to setting up at Singkut village as a real scale tryout 'a Maggot pilot project' to learn and to reorient if any rectification to optimize. The project has run during 6 months, but a catastrophic big flood has washed 8 ponds among 12 experimented, causing a big lost for the farmers and for the project it self. Detail will be present in the report. At the same time the prices of PKM have high sky rocketed, linked with the international demand which have made the research program turn to slow-down and looking for the new alternative way to go. From where we have developed a new topic, called 'Bioconversion on organic wastes other than PKM' which has been started since 2011. The test using maggot as food base on fish feeding has tried out with Red Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy). The result on their growth has surprised more than one specialist of Gourami by observing a remarkable growth within 6 months from 80g on june 2011 to 450g recorded on November 2011. The Gourami, considered as a slow grooving fish, the specie may change it reputation while cultured with live maggot as food base.

Aquaculture [040AQUAC] ; Production animale [080PROANI]

Fonds IRD [F A010078820]

fdi:010078820