Kitidis V., Brown I., Hardman-Mountford N., Lefèvre Nathalie. (2017). Surface ocean carbon dioxide during the Atlantic Meridional Transect (1995-2013) : evidence of ocean acidification. Progress in Oceanography, 158 (SI), p. 65-75. ISSN 0079-6611.
Titre du document
Surface ocean carbon dioxide during the Atlantic Meridional Transect (1995-2013) : evidence of ocean acidification
Kitidis V., Brown I., Hardman-Mountford N., Lefèvre Nathalie
Source
Progress in Oceanography, 2017,
158 (SI), p. 65-75 ISSN 0079-6611
Here we present more than 21,000 observations of carbon dioxide fugacity in air and seawater (fCO(2)) along the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) programme for the period 1995-2013. Our dataset consists of 11 southbound and 2 northbound cruises in boreal autumn and spring respectively. Our paper is primarily focused on change in the surface-ocean carbonate system during southbound cruises. We used observed fCO(2) and total alkalinity (TA), derived from salinity and temperature, to estimate dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH (total scale). Using this approach, estimated pH was consistent with spectrophotometric measurements carried out on 3 of our cruises. The AMT cruises transect a range of biogeographic provinces where surface Chlorophyll-alpha spans two orders of magnitude (mesotrophic high latitudes to oligotrophic subtropical gyres). We found that surface Chlorophyll-alpha was negatively correlated with fCO(2), but that the deep chlorophyll maximum was not a controlling variable for fCO(2). Our data show clear evidence of ocean acidification across 100 degrees of latitude in the Atlantic Ocean. Over the period 1995-2013 we estimated annual rates of change in: (a) sea surface temperature of 0.01 +/- 0.05 degrees C, (b) seawater fCO(2) of 1.44 +/- 0.84 mu atm, (c) DIC of 0.87 +/- 1.02 mu mol per kg and (d) pH of -0.0013 +/- 0.0009 units. Monte Carlo simulations propagating the respective analytical uncertainties showed that the latter were < 5% of the observed trends. Seawater fCO(2) increased at the same rate as atmospheric CO2.
