@article{fdi:010071966,
  title = {{S}urface ocean carbon dioxide during the {A}tlantic {M}eridional {T}ransect (1995-2013) : evidence of ocean acidification},
  author = {{K}itidis, {V}. and {B}rown, {I}. and {H}ardman-{M}ountford, {N}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}ere we present more than 21,000 observations of carbon dioxide fugacity in air and seawater (f{CO}(2)) along the {A}tlantic {M}eridional {T}ransect ({AMT}) programme for the period 1995-2013. {O}ur dataset consists of 11 southbound and 2 northbound cruises in boreal autumn and spring respectively. {O}ur paper is primarily focused on change in the surface-ocean carbonate system during southbound cruises. {W}e used observed f{CO}(2) and total alkalinity ({TA}), derived from salinity and temperature, to estimate dissolved inorganic carbon ({DIC}) and p{H} (total scale). {U}sing this approach, estimated p{H} was consistent with spectrophotometric measurements carried out on 3 of our cruises. {T}he {AMT} cruises transect a range of biogeographic provinces where surface {C}hlorophyll-alpha spans two orders of magnitude (mesotrophic high latitudes to oligotrophic subtropical gyres). {W}e found that surface {C}hlorophyll-alpha was negatively correlated with f{CO}(2), but that the deep chlorophyll maximum was not a controlling variable for f{CO}(2). {O}ur data show clear evidence of ocean acidification across 100 degrees of latitude in the {A}tlantic {O}cean. {O}ver the period 1995-2013 we estimated annual rates of change in: (a) sea surface temperature of 0.01 +/- 0.05 degrees {C}, (b) seawater f{CO}(2) of 1.44 +/- 0.84 mu atm, (c) {DIC} of 0.87 +/- 1.02 mu mol per kg and (d) p{H} of -0.0013 +/- 0.0009 units. {M}onte {C}arlo simulations propagating the respective analytical uncertainties showed that the latter were < 5% of the observed trends. {S}eawater f{CO}(2) increased at the same rate as atmospheric {CO}2.},
  keywords = {{ATLANTIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}rogress in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {158},
  numero = {{SI}},
  pages = {65--75},
  ISSN = {0079-6611},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2016.08.005},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071966},
}