Publications des scientifiques de l'IRD

Bodin S. C., Molino Jean-François, Odonne G., Bremond L. (2020). Unraveling pre-Columbian occupation patterns in the tropical forests of French Guiana using an anthracological approach. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 29 (5), p. 567-580. ISSN 0939-6314.

Titre du document
Unraveling pre-Columbian occupation patterns in the tropical forests of French Guiana using an anthracological approach
Année de publication
2020
Type de document
Article référencé dans le Web of Science WOS:000548658800005
Auteurs
Bodin S. C., Molino Jean-François, Odonne G., Bremond L.
Source
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2020, 29 (5), p. 567-580 ISSN 0939-6314
In Amazonia, a growing body of studies has shown that rainforests were affected by human occupation in many areas during pre-Columbian times, inducing changes in their floristic compositions. The northern part of Amazonia, and in particular the Guiana Shield, is much less studied, although past human occupations have also been documented in this region. Therefore, the actual impact of pre-Columbian societies on Guianan forests is still poorly known. Here we explore 12 sites in the dense forest of Nouragues, central French Guiana, ranging from a priori non-anthropogenic to clearly anthropogenic, using an anthracological approach. Soil charcoals were radiocarbon dated to assess the chronology of the past human occupations, and identified to determine shifts in vegetation cover. Our results show that two main periods of occupation can be distinguished on several sites in the Nouragues area: a first one between ca. 1,300 and 1,000 calbpand a second one between ca. 600 and 400 calbp. Charcoal identification reveals the presence of a secondary vegetation during this most recent period of occupation, as shown by the presence of pioneer and heliophilic taxa, suggesting that human activities induced and favored this kind of vegetation. The presence of valuable wood and edible species in the anthracological record could reflect selective exploitation of the former around dwelling areas and a concentration of the latter within anthropogenic sites. As shown by our anthracological results, all the sites which contained charcoal were once under forest cover, including those that are now covered by pseudo-bamboos or by liana forests. We therefore suggest that the type of human activity (e.g. dwelling or food production) may have had different impacts on the structure and composition of subsequent vegetation resulting either in anthropogenic forests or liana and pseudo-bamboo patches after land abandonment.
Plan de classement
Sciences du monde végétal [076] ; Etudes, transformation, conservation du milieu naturel [082] ; Sociétés, développement culturel [112]
Description Géographique
GUYANE FRANCAISE ; AMAZONIE
Localisation
Fonds IRD [F B010079385]
Identifiant IRD
fdi:010079385
Contact