Publications des scientifiques de l'IRD

Sultan Benjamin, Bella-Medjo M., Berg A., Quirion P., Janicot Serge. (2010). Multi-scales and multi-sites analyses of the role of rainfall in cotton yields in West Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 30 (1), p. 58-71. ISSN 0899-8418.

Titre du document
Multi-scales and multi-sites analyses of the role of rainfall in cotton yields in West Africa
Année de publication
2010
Type de document
Article référencé dans le Web of Science WOS:000273682500005
Auteurs
Sultan Benjamin, Bella-Medjo M., Berg A., Quirion P., Janicot Serge
Source
International Journal of Climatology, 2010, 30 (1), p. 58-71 ISSN 0899-8418
Cotton is the main tradable crop of West and Central African countries, representing for some countries the main exported agricultural product. Cotton is then of major concern since it represents an important source of income, accounting for more than a tenth of total exports. Moreover, the subsector as a whole is essential for rural poverty reduction. Since cotton is a rainfed crop in these Countries, its yield is closely related to climate, in particular to rainfall variability. The objective of this study is to point out the role of rainfall variability in cotton yields. Our approach consists in taking two completely different sites in the analysis of the climate-yields relationships, i.e. an experimental plot in Mali with a long-term historical yield-survey and farmers' yields in 28 administrative units in Cameroon. We found that the same rainfall parameters (rainy season onset and length) are major drivers for the year-to-year and the spatial distribution of cotton productivity, even if the role of rainfall variability is strongly reduced in farmers' exploitations where other non-climatic factors such as human management, biotic stresses, pests, etc., impact crop productivity. The link between rainfall and cotton yields seems to depend oil the mean climate since the driest cotton areas in Cameroon are the most sensitive to climate variability. The coherence of the results from the two very different situations gives us some confidence in the generalization of our findings to the whole West and Central Africa. Our study shows also that the aggregation of yield data from the local scale to the national scale tends to smooth the non-climatic variability and highlight the role of climate in the year-to-year variability of cotton yields. These results are important in working towards the predictability of crop yields using rainfall information, in particular to highlight the most salient rainfall parameters that are needed in a forecast system.
Plan de classement
Bioclimatologie [072]
Localisation
Fonds IRD [F B010049215]
Identifiant IRD
fdi:010049215
Contact