Robert Vincent, MacIntyre K., Keating J., Trape Jean-François, Duchemin J.B., Warren W., Beier J.C. (2003). Malaria transmission in urbain sub-Saharan Africa. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68 (2), 169-176. ISSN 0002-9637.
Titre du document
Malaria transmission in urbain sub-Saharan Africa
Année de publication
2003
Type de document
Article
Auteurs
Robert Vincent, MacIntyre K., Keating J., Trape Jean-François, Duchemin J.B., Warren W., Beier J.C.
Source
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2003,
68 (2), 169-176 ISSN 0002-9637
The rapid increase in the world's urban population has major implications for the epidemiology of malaria.
A review of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan African cities shows the strong likelihood of transmission occurring
within these sprawling cities, whatever the size or characteristics of their bioecologic environment. A meta-analysis of
results from studies of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa shows a loose linear negative relationship between
mean annual entomologic inoculation rates (EIR) and the level of urbanicity. Few studies have failed to find entomo-
logic evidence of some transmission. Our results show mean annual EIRs of 7.1 in the city centers, 45.8 in periurban
areas, and 167.7 in rural areas. The impact of urbanization in reducing transmission is more marked in areas where the
mean rainfall is low and seasonal. Considerable variation in the level of transmission exists among cities and within
different districts in the same city. This article presents evidence from past literature to build a conceptual framework
to begin to explain this heterogeneity. The potential for malaria epidemics owing to decreasing levels of natural
immunity may be offset by negative impacts of urbanization on the larval ecology of anopheline mosquitoes. Malaria
control in urban environments may be simpler as a result of urbanization; however, much of what we know about malaria
transmission in rural environments might not hold in the urban context.
Plan de classement
Epidémiologie du paludisme [052ANOPAL03]
Descripteurs
PALUDISME ; EPIDEMIOLOGIE ; VECTEUR ; MOUSTIQUE ; URBANISATION ; MILIEU URBAIN ; MILIEU RURAL ; ZONE PERIURBAINE ; VARIATION SAISONNIERE ; DEMOGRAPHIE ; ETUDE COMPARATIVE ; FACTEUR SOCIOECONOMIQUE ; GESTION DE L'EAU
