État des ressources pastorales dans une terre d'accueil et de transit des pasteurs transhumants : le terroir de Kotchari (sud-est du Burkina Faso)

2012

Article référencé dans le Web of Science WOS:000304850300004

Sawadogo I., Devineau J.L., Fournier Anne

La Terre et la Vie : Revue d'Ecologie, 2012, 67 (2), p. 157-178 ISSN 0249-7395

The condition of pastoral resources of a land of reception and transit for transhumant herders : the Kotchari territory (Southeastern Burkina Faso). - Kotchari pasturelands, which include a portion of the W National Park, were characterized by three complementary methods: an analysis of a colour composition of an Aster image, a floristical analysis and a pastoral survey. Nine pastoral landscape units with diverse tree cover were described, they include ten agrostological groups. The landscape units located outside the protected area, especially on thin to fairly deep soils, show the highest density in ligneous species and the highest herbaceous richness as well as the least dominance between species. Conversely, herbaceous phytomass and ligneous cover are higher in the protected area, particularly on the deep hydromorphic soils units. In addition, these units are more or less heterogeneous, some containing several agrostological groups. In general, the pasture lands located outside the protected area tend to be the most degraded : in some of them there is a regeneration of trees and a decrease of perennial herbaceous species. In all, although the phytomass is rather abundant and the pastoral values are acceptable in most units, those located outside the W park appear not very interesting in terms of pastoral use. Their ability to produce herbaceous regrowth after vegetation fires is low, the landscape is highly fragmented and the access to some units is not possible all year long. The pastoral status of the pastoral units inside the protected area, which have the highest phytomasses and the best pastoral values, is clearly much better. The strong interest of transhumant herders in this region seems guided on the one hand by the quality and availability of forage that is better at the end of the dry season than in their home grazing territory, and on the other hand by the opportunity of illegal use of pastoral resources in protected areas.

Sciences du milieu [021] ; Etudes, transformation, conservation du milieu naturel [082] ; Economie et sociologie rurale [098]

BURKINA FASO

Fonds IRD

PAR00009025