%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Merle, Isabelle
%A Hipolito, J.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%T Towards integrated pest and pollinator management in tropical crops
%D 2022
%L fdi:010086142
%G ENG
%J Current Opinion in Insect Science
%@ 2214-5745
%K ZONE TROPICALE
%M ISI:000858447100004
%P 100866 [11 ]
%R 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.006
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086142
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2022-11/010086142.pdf
%V 50
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Biotic pollination and pest control are two critical insect-mediated ecosystem services that support crop production. Although management of both services is usually treated separately, the new paradigm of Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) suggests synergetic benefits by considering them together. We reviewed the management practices in two major tropical perennial crops: cocoa and coffee, to assess IPPM applications under the tropics. We found potential synergies and antagonisms among crop pest and pollination management, however, very few studies considered these interactions. Interestingly, we also found management practices focusing mainly on a single service mediated by insects although species can show multiple ecological functions as pests, natural enemies, or pollinators. The tropics represent a promising area for the implementation of IPPM and future research should address this concept to move towards a more sustainable agriculture.
%$ 076 ; 080

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Sponsler, D. B.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Kallnik, K.
%A Classen, A.
%A Maihoff, F.
%A Sieger, J.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Contrasting patterns of richness, abundance, and turnover in mountain bumble bees and their floral hosts
%D 2022
%L fdi:010085069
%G ENG
%J Ecology
%@ 0012-9658
%K alpine plants ; beta-diversity ; Bombus ; climate ; elevation gradient ; mountain ecology ; pollination network
%K ALLEMAGNE
%K ALPES ; BERCHTESGADEN PARC NATIONAL
%M ISI:000794171400001
%N 7
%P e3712 [15 ]
%R 10.1002/ecy.3712
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085069
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-06/010085069.pdf
%V 103
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Environmental gradients generate and maintain biodiversity on Earth. Mountain slopes are among the most pronounced terrestrial environmental gradients, and the elevational structure of species and their interactions can provide unique insight into the processes that govern community assembly and function in mountain ecosystems. We recorded bumble bee-flower interactions over 3 years along a 1400-m elevational gradient in the German Alps. Using nonlinear modeling techniques, we analyzed elevational patterns at the levels of abundance, species richness, species beta-diversity, and interaction beta-diversity. Though floral richness exhibited a midelevation peak, bumble bee richness increased with elevation before leveling off at the highest sites, demonstrating the exceptional adaptation of these bees to cold temperatures and short growing seasons. In terms of abundance, though, bumble bees exhibited divergent species-level responses to elevation, with a clear separation between species preferring low versus high elevations. Overall interaction beta-diversity was mainly caused by strong turnover in the floral community, which exhibited a well-defined threshold of beta-diversity rate at the tree line ecotone. Interaction beta-diversity increased sharply at the upper extreme of the elevation gradient (1800-2000 m), an interval over which we also saw steep decline in floral richness and abundance. Turnover of bumble bees along the elevation gradient was modest, with the highest rate of beta-diversity occurring over the interval from low- to mid-elevation sites. The contrast between the relative robustness bumble bee communities and sensitivity of plant communities to the elevational gradient in our study suggests that the strongest effects of climate change on mountain bumble bees may be indirect effects mediated by the responses of their floral hosts, though bumble bee species that specialize in high-elevation habitats may also experience significant direct effects of warming.
%$ 082 ; 076 ; 080 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Panziera, D.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Chantawannakul, P.
%A Pirk, C. W. W.
%A Blacquiere, T.
%T The diversity decline in wild and managed honey bee populations urges for an integrated conservation approach
%D 2022
%L fdi:010084530
%G ENG
%J Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
%@ 2296-701X
%K honey bees ; selective breeding ; natural selection ; biodiversity ; genetic variation
%K MONDE
%M ISI:000773120100001
%P 767950 [7 ]
%R 10.3389/fevo.2022.767950
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084530
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-05/010084530.pdf
%V 10
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Many parts of the globe experience severe losses and fragmentation of habitats, affecting the self-sustainability of pollinator populations. A number of bee species coexist as wild and managed populations. Using honey bees as an example, we argue that several management practices in beekeeping threaten genetic diversity in both wild and managed populations, and drive population decline. Large-scale movement of hive stocks, introductions into new areas, breeding programs and trading of queens contribute to reducing genetic diversity, as recent research demonstrated for wild and managed honey bees within a few decades. Examples of the effects of domestication in other organisms show losses of both genetic diversity and fitness functions. Cases of natural selection and feralization resulted in maintenance of a higher genetic diversity, including in a Varroa destructor surviving population of honey bees. To protect the genetic diversity of honey bee populations, exchange between regions should be avoided. The proposed solution to selectively breed all local subspecies for a use in beekeeping would reduce the genetic diversity of each, and not address the value of the genetic diversity present in hybridized populations. The protection of Apis mellifera's, Apis cerana's and Apis koschevnikovi's genetic diversities could be based on natural selection. In beekeeping, it implies to not selectively breed but to leave the choice of the next generation of queens to the colonies, as in nature. Wild populations surrounded by beekeeping activity could be preserved by allowing Darwinian beekeeping in a buffer zone between the wild and regular beekeeping area.
%$ 080 ; 082

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Parreno, M. A.
%A Alaux, C.
%A Brunet, J. L.
%A Buydens, L.
%A Filipiak, M.
%A Henry, M.
%A Keller, A.
%A Klein, A. M.
%A Kuhlmann, M.
%A Leroy, Céline
%A Meeus, I.
%A Palmer-Young, E.
%A Piot, N.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Ruedenauer, F.
%A Smagghe, G.
%A Stevenson, P. C.
%A Leonhardt, S. D.
%T Critical links between biodiversity and health in wild bee conservation
%D 2022
%L fdi:010084497
%G ENG
%J Trends in Ecology and Evolution
%@ 0169-5347
%K MONDE
%M ISI:000767325600007
%N 4
%P 309-321
%R 10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.013
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084497
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-04/010084497.pdf
%V 37
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Wild bee populations are declining due to human activities, such as land use change, which strongly affect the composition and diversity of available plants and food sources. The chemical composition of food (i.e., nutrition) in turn determines the health, resilience, and fitness of bees. For pollinators, however, the term 'health' is recent and is subject to debate, as is the interaction between nutrition and wild bee health. We define bee health as a multidimensional concept in a novel integrative framework linking bee biological traits (physiology, stoichiometry, and disease) and environmental factors (floral diversity and nutritional landscapes). Linking information on tolerated nutritional niches and health in different bee species will allow us to better predict their distribution and responses to environmental change, and thus support wild pollinator conservation.
%$ 080 ; 076 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Sponsler, D.
%A Kallnik, K.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Classen, A.
%A Maihoff, A. F.
%A Sieger, J.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Floral preferences of mountain bumble bees are constrained by functional traits but flexible through elevation and season
%D 2022
%L fdi:010083853
%G ENG
%J Oikos
%@ 0030-1299
%K coexistence ; competition ; foraging ; niche ; pollinator ; resource ; selection
%K ALLEMAGNE
%M ISI:000731626700001
%N 3
%P e08902 [12 ]
%R 10.1111/oik.08902
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083853
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-01/010083853.pdf
%V 2022
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Patterns of resource use by animals can clarify how ecological communities have assembled in the past, how they currently function and how they are likely to respond to future perturbations. Bumble bees (Hymentoptera: Bombus spp.) and their floral hosts provide a diverse yet tractable system in which to explore resource selection in the context of plant-pollinator networks. Under conditions of resource limitation, the ability of bumble bees species to coexist should depend on dietary niche overlap. In this study, we report patterns and dynamics of floral morphotype preferences in a mountain bumble bee community based on similar to 13 000 observations of bumble bee floral visits recorded along a 1400 m elevation gradient. We found that bumble bees are highly selective generalists, rarely visiting floral morphotypes at the rates predicted by their relative abundances. Preferences also differed markedly across bumble bee species, and these differences were well-explained by variation in bumble bee tongue length, generating patterns of preference similarity that should be expected to predict competition under conditions of resource limitation. Within species, though, morphotype preferences varied by elevation and season, possibly representing adaptive flexibility in response to the high elevational and seasonal turnover of mountain floral communities. Patterns of resource partitioning among bumble bee communities may determine which species can coexist under the altered distributions of bumble bees and their floral hosts caused by climate and land use change.
%$ 080 ; 076 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Barascou, L.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Sene, D.
%A Crauser, D.
%A Le Conte, Y.
%A Alaux, C.
%T Delayed effects of a single dose of a neurotoxic pesticide (sulfoxaflor) on honeybee foraging activity
%D 2022
%L fdi:010083239
%G ENG
%J Science of the Total Environment
%@ 0048-9697
%K Ecotoxicology ; Bees ; Acute exposure ; Sublethal effects ; Pesticide risk assessment
%M ISI:000704389500009
%P 150351 [6 ]
%R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150351
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083239
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2021-11/010083239.pdf
%V 805
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Pesticide risk-assessment guidelines for honeybees (Apis mellifera) generally require determining the acute toxicity of a chemical over the short-term through fix-duration tests. However, potential long-lasting or delayed effects resulting from an acute exposure (e.g. a single dose) are often overlooked, although the modification of a developmental process may have life-long consequences. To investigate this question, we exposed young honeybee workers to a single sublethal field-realistic dose of a neurotoxic pesticide, sulfoxaflor, at one of two amounts (16 or 60 ng), at the moment when they initiated orientation flights (preceding foraging activity). We then tracked in the field their flight activity and lifespan with automated life-long monitoring devices. Both amounts of sulfoxaflor administered reduced the total number of flights but did not affect bee survival and flight duration. When looking at the time series of flight activity, effects were not immediate but delayed until foraging activity with a decrease in the daily number of foraging flights and consequently in their total number (24 and 33% less for the 16 and 60 ng doses, respectively). The results of our study therefore blur the general assumption in honeybee toxicology that acute exposure results in immediate and rapid effects and call for long-term recording and/ or time-to-effect measurements, even upon exposure to a single dose of pesticide.
%$ 080 ; 021 ; 020

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Mayr, A.V.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Peters, M.K.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Seasonal variation in the ecology of tropical cavity-nesting Hymenoptera on Mt. Kilimanjaro
%D 2021
%L fdi:010082037
%G ENG
%J Frontiers of Biogeography
%@ 1948-6596
%K TANZANIE ; ZONE TROPICALE
%K KILIMANDJARO MONT
%N 3
%P e49389 [18  en ligne]
%R 10.21425/F5FBG49389
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082037
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-07/010082037.pdf
%V 13
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Insect communities vary seasonally with changing climatic conditions and related changes in resource availability, strength of competition, or pressure by natural antagonists. But seasonal dynamics, particularly in tropical mountain ecosystems, are not well understood. We monitored cavity-nesting Hymenoptera communities on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, to analyse temporal patterns of nest-building activity, ecological rates, and life-history traits in relation to seasonal climatic variation and elevation. We installed trap nests on 25 study sites in natural and  disturbed  habitat  types  covering  the  colline  (inf. 1,300  m)  and submontane zones (sup or = 1,300 m a.s.l). We analysed patterns of seasonality in the cavity-nesting ecology of Hymenoptera at three different trophic levels -bees, caterpillar-hunting wasps and spider-hunting wasps-over a complete annual period, covering two rainy and two dry seasons. Nest-building activity showed strong seasonal trends in all three investigated trophic levels and peaked at the end of the short rainy season at low elevations. Nest-building activity was considerably higher and seasonal trends were better synchronised between the different trophic levels in the colline zone at low elevations. We also detected seasonal patterns for parasitism and natural mortality rates, sex ratio, and development time, which varied with trophic level and between elevation levels. Climate and flower abundance were important predictors for seasonal patterns in nest-building activity, ecological rates and life-history traits. These results reveal that seasonal trends in nest-building activity of lowland Hymenoptera seem to be linked to changes in climate and resource availability that reflect the seasonal patterns in plant growth and flowering documented in  lowland  savanna  ecosystems.  Higher  resource  availability  also increased the sex ratio in bees towards the more costly females and enhanced their survival rates. These spatiotemporal links between climate, resources, ecological rates, and life-history traits indicate high sensitivity of plant-host-antagonist interactions to environmental changes.
%$ 080ZOOGEN03 ; 082ECOSYS

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Villagomez, G. N.
%A Nurnberger, F.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Schiele, S.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the seasonal timing of Western honey bee colonies and an early spring flowering plant
%D 2021
%L fdi:010081366
%G ENG
%J Ecology and Evolution
%@ 2045-7758
%K Apis mellifera ; climate change ; Crocus sieberi ; phenology ; plant-pollinator interaction ; temporal mismatch
%K EUROPE ; ALLEMAGNE ; NORVEGE
%M ISI:000647908700001
%P [16 ]
%R 10.1002/ece3.7616
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081366
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-06/010081366.pdf
%V [Early access]
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Temperature and photoperiod are important Zeitgebers for plants and pollinators to synchronize growth and reproduction with suitable environmental conditions and their mutualistic interaction partners. Global warming can disturb this temporal synchronization since interacting species may respond differently to new combinations of photoperiod and temperature under future climates, but experimental studies on the potential phenological responses of plants and pollinators are lacking. We simulated current and future combinations of temperature and photoperiod to assess effects on the overwintering and spring phenology of an early flowering plant species (Crocus sieberi) and the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera). We could show that increased mean temperatures in winter and early spring advanced the flowering phenology of C. sieberi and intensified brood rearing activity of A. mellifera but did not advance their brood rearing activity. Flowering phenology of C. sieberi also relied on photoperiod, while brood rearing activity of A. mellifera did not. The results confirm that increases in temperature can induce changes in phenological responses and suggest that photoperiod can also play a critical role in these responses, with currently unknown consequences for real-world ecosystems in a warming climate.
%$ 021 ; 076 ; 080

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Chabert, S.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Chadoeuf, J.
%A Guilbaud, L.
%A Morison, N.
%A Vaissiere, B. E.
%T Rapid measurement of the adult worker population size in honey bees
%D 2021
%L fdi:010081011
%G ENG
%J Ecological Indicators
%@ 1470-160X
%K Apis mellifera ; Population size ; Crop pollination ; Colony collapse ; Evaluation method ; Field monitoring
%K FRANCE
%M ISI:000613230300007
%P 107313 [12 ]
%R 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107313
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081011
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers21-03/010081011.pdf
%V 122
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Changes in agricultural practices have lead to pollination deficits in entomophilous crops, leading to a growing interest in supplementing farmlands with managed colonies of honey bee, Apis mellifera. However, the metrics of a colony as a pollination unit is controversial due to the wide range of adult population sizes encountered in a colony, especially in relation with the time of year and beekeeping management. Correctly measuring the number of adult honey bees per hive is critical for farmers to adjust the number of colonies they need to meet crop pollination demand. We tested a simple non-invasive method to estimate the adult worker population size of colonies based on common beekeeping handlings. This method consisted in counting the number of inter-frames covered with adult bees (called IFB thereafter) from above the hive body. Based on the monitoring of 181 colonies, we investigated the nature of the relation between IFB and the adult bee population size and its context dependence to the meterological conditions and hive type. We then evaluated the possible improvement of the method with additional IFB counted in the supers and from below the hive body. Finally, we analysed the robustness of the method by comparing estimates obtained from colonies observed by experimented and naive observers. We revealed a clear-cut logarithmic relation between the IFB and the adult population size, covering the effects of meteorological conditions and hive type. The counting of IFB from above the hive body were particularly sensitive to meteorological conditions, unlike those counted from below the hive body. Moreover, the counting of additional IFB from the supers slightly improved the estimates of adult population size. Interestingly, no difference of estimate was detected between experimented and naive observers, suggesting applied simplicity of the method. The IFB counting method thus provides a simple, non-invasive and robust indicator of the adult population size of a managed honey bee colony. The counting of IFB from below the hive body should be recommend due to the sensitivity to meteorological conditions of the counting of IFB from above the hive body. Beyond crop pollination, we also highlighted application perspectives of this method as an indicator of survival probability. This method can therefore be viewed as a standard for routine field monitoring (i) to help farmers to estimate rigorously the number of colonies they need to meet the crop pollination demand and (ii) to help beekeepers assessing the mortality risk of their colonies.
%$ 080 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Le Provost, G.
%A Badenhausser, I.
%A Violle, C.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A D'Ottavio, M.
%A Roncoroni, M.
%A Gross, L.
%A Gross, N.
%T Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees
%D 2021
%L fdi:010079862
%G ENG
%J Landscape Ecology
%@ 0921-2973
%K Functional trait diversity ; Grassland ; Habitat loss ; Land-use changes ; Landscape history ; Plant-pollinator interactions
%M ISI:000579784800001
%N 1
%P 281-295
%R 10.1007/s10980-020-01141-2
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079862
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-11/010079862.pdf
%V 36
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Context Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among the multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss has been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While habitat destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. Objectives We used a trait-based approach to investigate how past and current land use at both local and landscape levels impact plant and wild bee communities in grasslands through a functional lens. Methods We measured flower and bee morphological traits that mediate plant-bee trophic linkage in 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years of land-use records, we tested the legacy effects of the landscape-level conversion of grassland to crop on flower and bee trait diversity. Results Land-use history was a strong driver of flower and bee trait diversity in grasslands. Particularly, bee trait diversity was lower in landscapes where much of the land was converted from grassland to crop long ago. Bee trait diversity was also strongly driven by plant trait diversity computed with flower traits. However, this relationship was not observed in landscapes with a long history of grassland-to-crop conversion. The effects of land-use history on bee communities were as strong as those of current land use, such as grassland or mass-flowering crop cover in the landscape. Conclusions Habitat loss that occurred long ago in agricultural landscapes alters the relationship between plants and bees over time. The retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive agricultural landscapes can offset bee decline.
%$ 082 ; 076 ; 080

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Dangles, Olivier
%T Les insectes, ces super-héros
%D 2020
%L fdi:010079648
%G FRE
%J The Conversation France
%@ 2431-2134
%K EUROPE ; ARGENTINE ; ETATS UNIS ; KENYA ; ZAMBIE
%P en ligne [4 ]
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079648
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-11/010079648.pdf
%V 15 novembre 2020
%W Horizon (IRD)
%$ 080 ; 076 ; 098

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Prado, A.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Crauser, D.
%A Le Conte, Y.
%A Bretagnolle, V.
%A Alaux, C.
%T Honeybee lifespan : the critical role of pre-foraging stage
%D 2020
%L fdi:010080710
%G ENG
%J Royal Society Open Science
%@ 2054-5703
%K FRANCE
%M ISI:000593871900001
%N 11
%P e200998 [13 ]
%R 10.1098/rsos.200998
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080710
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-12/010080710.pdf
%V 7
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Assessing the various anthropogenic pressures imposed on honeybees requires characterizing the patterns and drivers ofnatural  mortality.  Using  automated  lifelong  individual monitoring devices, we monitored worker bees in different geographical, seasonal and colony contexts creating a broad range of hive conditions. We measured their life-history traits and notably assessed whether lifespan is influenced by pre-foraging flight experience. Our results show that the age at the first flight and onset of foraging are critical factors that determine, to a large extent, lifespan. Most importantly, our results indicate that a large proportion (40%) of the bees dieduring pre-foraging stage, and for those surviving, the elapsed time and flight experience between the first flight and the onset of foraging is of paramount importance to maximize the number of days spent foraging. Once in the foraging stage, individuals experience a constant mortality risk of 9% and 36% per hour of foraging and per foraging day, respectively. In conclusion, the pre-foraging stage during which bees performorientation flights is a critical driver of bee lifespan. We believe these data on the natural mortality risks in honeybee workerswill help assess the impact of anthropogenic pressures on bees.
%$ 080ZOOGEN04 ; 021ENVECO

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Henry, M.
%A Decourtye, A.
%A Brun, F.
%A Aupinel, P.
%A Rebaudo, François
%A Bretagnolle, V.
%T Measuring ontogenetic shifts in central-place foragers : a case study with honeybees
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078107
%G ENG
%J Journal of Animal Ecology
%@ 0021-8790
%K age at onset of foraging ; foraging performance ; honeybees ; individual ; life-long monitoring ; life-history traits ; Radio-Frequency ; IDentification ; time-activity budgets
%M ISI:000536518900001
%N 8
%P 1860-1871
%R 10.1111/1365-2656.13248
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078107
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/06/010078107.pdf
%V 89
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Measuring time-activity budgets over the complete individual life span is now possible for many animals with the recent advances of life-long individual monitoring devices. Although analyses of changes in the patterns of time-activity budgets have revealed ontogenetic shifts in birds or mammals, no such technique has been applied to date on insects. We tested an automated breakpoint-based procedure to detect, assess and quantify shifts in the temporal pattern of the flight activities in honeybees. We assumed that the learning and foraging stages of honeybees will differ in several respects, to detect the age at onset of foraging (AOF). Using an extensive dataset covering the life-long monitoring of 1,167 individuals, we compared the AOF outputs with the more conventional approaches based on arbitrary thresholds. We further evaluated the robustness of the different methods comparing the foraging time-activity budget allocations between the presumed foragers and confirmed foragers. We revealed a clear-cut learning-foraging ontogenetic shift that differs in duration, frequency and time of occurrence of flights. Although AOF appeared to be highly plastic among bees, the breakpoint-based procedure seems better capable to detect it than arbitrary threshold-based methods that are unable to deal with inter-individual variation. We developed the aof r-package including a broad range of examples with both simulated and empirical datasets to illustrate the simplicity of use of the procedure. This simple procedure is generic enough to be derived from any individual life-long monitoring devices recording the time-activity budgets, and could propose new ecological applications of bio-logging to detect ontogenetic shifts in the behaviour of central-place foragers.
%$ 080

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Perez-Mendez, N.
%A Anderson, G.K.S.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Hipolito, J.
%A Aizen, M.A.
%A Morales, C.L.
%A Garcia, N.
%A Gennari, G.P.
%A Garibaldi, L.A.
%T The economic cost of losing native pollinator species for orchard production
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078521
%G ENG
%J Journal of Applied Ecology
%@ 0021-8901
%K ARGENTINE
%K NEUQUEN PROVINCE
%M ISI:000507887500001
%N 3
%P 599-608
%R 10.1111/1365-2664.13561
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078521
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/depot/2020-03-30/010078521.pdf
%V 57
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X 1. The alarming loss of pollinator diversity world-wide can reduce the productivity of pollinator-dependent crops, which could have economic impacts. However, it is unclear to what extent the loss of a key native pollinator species affects crop production and farmer's profits.
2. By experimentally manipulating the presence of colonies of a native bumblebee species Bombus pauloensis in eight apple orchards in South Argentina, we evaluated the impact of losing natural populations of a key native pollinator group on (a) crop yield, (b) pollination quality, and (c) farmer's profit. To do so, we performed a factorial experiment of pollinator exclusion (yes/no) and hand pollination (yes/no).
3. Our results showed that biotic pollination increased ripe fruit set by 13% when compared to non-biotic pollination. Additionally, fruit set and the number of fruits per apple tree was reduced by less than a half in those orchards where bumblebees were absent, even when honeybees were present at high densities. Consequently, farmer's profit was 2.4-fold lower in farms lacking bumblebees than in farms hosting both pollinator species. The pollination experiment further suggested that the benefits of bumblebees could be mediated by improved pollen quality rather than quantity.
4. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the pervasive consequences of losing key pollinator functional groups, such as bumblebees, for apple production and local economies. Adopting pollinator-friendly practices such as minimizing the use of synthetic inputs or restoring/maintaining semi-natural habitats at farm and landscape scales, will have the double advantage of promoting biodiversity conservation, and increasing crop productivity and profitability for local farmers. Yet because the implementation of these practices can take time to deliver results, the management of native pollinator species can be a provisional complementary strategy to increase economic profitability of apple growers in the short term.
%$ 098 ; 082 ; 076 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Leonhardt, S. D.
%T Beyond flowers : including non-floral resources in bee conservation schemes
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078376
%G ENG
%J Journal of Insect Conservation
%@ 1366-638X
%K Bees ; Conservation ; Foraging resources ; Nesting resources ; Plant-pollinator interactions
%M ISI:000517845300002
%N 1
%P 5-16
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078376
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/depot/2020-05-25/010078376.pdf
%V 24
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Land-use change and habitat loss have profoundly disturbed the resource availability for many organisms in farmlands, including bees. To counteract the resulting decline of bees and to maintain their pollination service to crops, bee pollinator-friendly schemes have been developed. We assessed the most established bee pollinator-friendly schemes which mainly aim at enhancing the availability of floral food resources and, or, nesting sites. We found that the availability of non-floral resources was typically overlooked in these schemes, although more than 30% of bee species worldwide depend on non-floral resources. In this opinion paper, we call for more attention on the role of non-floral resources in such conservation schemes. In fact, at least two of the most species rich Apoidea families, the Apidae and Megachilidae, need non-floral resources for nest building, defence, protection and health. For example, resin is known to improve health and resistance to pests and pathogens in stingless bees and the western honey bee Apis mellifera. Beyond social bees, many solitary bee species, in particularly within the Euglossini, Centridini and Megachilidae, also use resin, leaf pieces, trichome secretions and other materials for the construction and protection of brood cells and the nest. Besides protection, non-floral resources can also provide alternative food resources for bees, e.g. sugary secretions from other insects. Surprisingly little is known on this insect-insect interaction although some studies suggest that honey production by beekeepers can largely depend on this alternative food resource. The apparent knowledge gap on the role of non-floral resources for bees can thus directly concern stakeholders. Interestingly, many non-floral resources are provided by woody vegetation, but most of the bee pollinator-friendly schemes are currently orientated towards enhancing flower availability in field margins and flower strips. We therefore suggest more attention in the protection of trees and hedgerows in conservation, restoration and management schemes to best supporting bee health by providing combined access to nesting, floral and non-floral foraging resources.
%$ 080 ; 020

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Jowanowitsch, K. K.
%A Kallnik, K.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Limitation of complementary resources affects colony growth, foraging behavior, and reproduction in bumble bees
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078927
%G ENG
%J Ecology
%@ 0012-9658
%K Bombus terrestris ; feeding experiment ; landscape structure ; pollen and nectar resources ; reproductive performance ; seasonal phenology
%M ISI:000518696800008
%N 3
%P e02946 [11 ]
%R 10.1002/ecy.2946
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078927
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/03/010078927.pdf
%V 101
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Resource availability in agricultural landscapes has been disturbed for many organisms, including pollinator species. Abundance and diversity in flower availability benefit bee populations; however, little is known about which of protein or carbohydrate resources may limit their growth and reproductive performance. Here, we test the hypothesis of complementary resource limitation using a supplemental feeding approach. We applied this assumption with bumble bees (Bombus terrestris), assuming that colony growth and reproductive performance should depend on the continuous supply of carbohydrates and proteins, through the foraging for nectar and pollen, respectively. We placed wild-caught bumble bee colonies along a landscape gradient of seminatural habitats, and monitored the colonies' weight, foraging activity, and reproductive performance during the whole colony cycle. We performed supplemental feeding as an indicator of landscape resource limitation, using a factorial design consisting of the addition of sugar water (carbohydrate, supplemented or not) crossed by pollen (protein, supplemented or not). Bumble bee colony dynamics showed a clear seasonal pattern with a period of growth followed by a period of stagnation. Higher abundance of seminatural habitats resulted in reducing the proportion of pollen foragers relative to all foragers in both periods, and in improving the reproductive performance of bumble bees. Interestingly, the supplemental feeding of sugar water positively affected the colony weight during the stagnation period, and the supplemental feeding of pollen mitigated the landscape effect on pollen collection investment. Single and combined supplementation of sugar water and pollen increased the positive effect of seminatural habitats on reproductive performance. This study reveals a potential colimitation in pollen and nectar resources affecting foraging behavior and reproductive performance in bumble bees, and indicates that even in mixed agricultural landscapes with higher proportions of seminatural habitats, bumble bee populations face resource limitations. We conclude that the seasonal management of floral resources must be considered in conservation to support bumble bee populations and pollination services in farmlands.
%$ 080 ; 020

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Fournier, A.
%A Rome, Q.
%A Darrouzet, E.
%T Science communication is needed to inform risk perception and action of stakeholders
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078929
%G ENG
%J Journal of Environmental Management
%@ 0301-4797
%K Biological invasion ; Citizen science ; Honey bee mortality ; Invasive species ; Yellow-legged hornet
%K FRANCE
%M ISI:000515447200014
%P art. 109983 [9 ]
%R 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109983
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078929
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/03/010078929.pdf
%V 257
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Stakeholders are critical environmental managers in human-dominated landscapes. In some contexts, stakeholders can be forced to personally act following their own observations and risk perception instead of science recommendation. In particular, biological invasions need rapid control actions to reduce potential socioecological impacts, while science-based risk assessments are rather complex and time-delayed. Although they can lead to important detrimental effects on biodiversity, potential time-delayed disconnections between stakeholders' action and science recommendations are rarely studied. Using the case study of western European beekeepers controlling the invasive Asian hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax for its suspected impact on honey bee colonies, we analysed mechanisms underlying personal actions of stakeholders and how they evolved in science disconnection. Personal actions of stakeholders were causal-effect linked with their risk observation but disconnected to time-delayed science predictions and recommendations. Unfortunately, these science-disconnected actions also led to dramatic impacts on numerous species of the local entomofauna. These results highlight the need to improve mutual risk communication between science and action in the early-stages of management plans to improve the sustainably of stakeholders' practices.
%$ 021 ; 080 ; 098

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Andersson, G.K.S.
%A Oddi, F.J.
%A Garibaldi, L.A.
%T Citizen science in developing countries : how to improve volunteer participation
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078522
%G ENG
%J Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
%@ 1540-9295
%K ARGENTINE ; EUROPE ; ETATS UNIS ; AFRIQUE DU SUD ; URUGUAY ; CHINE
%M ISI:000505637400001
%N 2
%P 101-108
%R 10.1002/fee.2150
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078522
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-04/010078522.pdf
%V 18
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Citizen science is a powerful tool for connecting members of the public with research and for obtaining large amounts of data. However, it is far less commonly implemented in developing countries than in developed countries. We conducted a large scale citizen science program monitoring honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses in Argentina to examine how a national consortium composed of local coordinators and two different recruitment strategies influenced volunteer participation.These strategies consisted of online questionnaires and face to face interviews with beekeepers to record bee health issues. We found that use of both recruitment strategies was necessary because they reached different volunteer profiles and different locations, and therefore influenced the survey's results. Furthermore, public participation increased when the number of local coordinators was higher, regardless of recruitment strategy. These findings could also apply to other developing countries, where lack of internet access for some potential volunteers, logistical constraints such as long distances, and poor infrastructure hamper implementing large scale citizen science programs.
%$ 082 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Paillet, Y.
%A Laroche, F.
%A Rutschmann, B.
%A Zhang, J.
%A Lombardi, F.
%A Svoboda, M.
%A Steffan-Dewenter, I.
%T Contribution of European forests to safeguard wild honeybee populations
%D 2020
%L fdi:010078523
%G ENG
%J Conservation Letters
%@ 1755-263X
%K EUROPE
%M ISI:000498979000001
%N 2
%P e12693 [9 ]
%R 10.1111/conl.12693
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078523
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-04/010078523.pdf
%V 13
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X Recent studies reveal the use of tree cavities by wild honeybee colonies in European forests. This highlights the conservation potential of forests for a highly threatened component of the native entomofauna in Europe, but currently no estimate of potential wild honeybee population sizes exists. Here, we analyzed the tree cavity densities of 106 forest areas across Europe and inferred an expected population size of wild honeybees. Both forest and management types affected the density of tree cavities. Accordingly, we estimated that more than 80,000 wild honeybee colonies could be sustainedinEuropeanforests. As expected,potential conservation hotspots we reidentified in unmanaged forests, and, surprisingly, also in other large forest areas across Europe. Our results contribute to the EU policy strategy to halt pollinator declines and reveal the potential of forest areas for the conservation of so far neglected wild honeybee populations in Europe.
%$ 082 ; 076 ; 080 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture non répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Requier, Fabrice
%T Bee colony health indicators : synthesis and future directions
%D 2019
%L fdi:010078525
%G ENG
%J Cab Reviews
%@ 1749-8848
%K MONDE
%N 56
%P [12 ]
%R 10.1079/PAVSNNR201914056
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078525
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/depot/2020-03-30/010078525.pdf
%V 14
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X The western honey bee Apis mellifera plays an important role in human well-being by producing honey, sustaining populations of wild plants and supporting human-dependant crop production. Unfortunately, abnormal high-mortality rates of colonies have been revealed all over theworld. This paper reviews the stress factors that are likely involved in the cause of honey bee poor health, the mechanisms underlying bee health and survival and the different early warning indicators of bee colony mortality. Honey bee colonies can be assimilated to a complex system for which survival depends on its individual quality, its adaptive capacity and its threshold of resilience to pressures. Many stress factors are likely involved, by interaction, in the cause of honey bee colony mortality. Three main groups of stressors are highlighted to affect the colony survival, including (i) environmental pressures such as lack of flowers and pesticide exposure, (ii) biotic pressures such as parasites and pathogens and (iii) beekeeping management such as the use of chemical treatments. Routine monitoring of colonies provides robust approaches to assess the health status of honeybees. By tracking specific colony parameters such as queen performance, colony dynamics, in-hive products and the prevalence of pathogens, beekeepers can establish a health status of the colony. By comparing this field-based health status with model-based predictions, a new area is emerging towards the detection of early warning indicators of colony mortality.
%$ 082 ; 076 ; 080 ; 021

%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Pietrantuono, A.L.
%A Requier, Fabrice
%A Fernandez-Arhex, V.
%A Winter, J.
%A Huerta, G.
%A Guerrieri, F.
%T Honeybees generalize among pollen scents from plants flowering in the same seasonal period [plus Supplementary information]
%D 2019
%L fdi:010078524
%G ENG
%J Journal of Experimental Biology
%@ 0022-0949
%K ARGENTINE ; ETATS UNIS
%K PATAGONIE
%M ISI:000496916700008
%N 21
%P jeb201335 9  [+14 ]
%R 10.1242/jeb.201335
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078524
%> https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-04/010078524.pdf
%V 222
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X When honey bees (Apis mellifera) feed on flowers, they extend their proboscis to absorb the nectar, i.e. they perform the proboscis extension response (PER). The presence of pollen and/or nectar can be associated with odors, colors or visual patterns, which allows honey bees to recognize food sources in the environment. Honey bees can associate similar, though different, stimuli with the presence of food; i.e. honey bees discriminate and generalize among stimuli. Here, we evaluated generalization among pollen scents from six different plant species. Experiments were based on the PER conditioning protocol over two phases : (1) conditioning, in which honey bees associated the scent of each pollen type with sucrose, and (2) test, in which honey bees were presented with a novel scent, to evaluate generalization. Generalization was evinced by honey bees extending their proboscis to a novel scent. The level of PER increased over the course of the conditioning phase for all pollen scents. Honey bees generalized pollen from Pyracantha coccinea and from Hypochaeris radicata. These two plants have different amounts of protein and are not taxonomically related. We observed that the flowering period influences the olfactory perceptual similarity and we suggest that both pollen types may share volatile compounds that play key roles in perception. Our results highlight the importance of analyzing the implications of the generalization between pollen types of different nutritional quality. Such studies could provide valuable information for beekeepers and agricultural producers, as the generalization of a higher quality pollen can benefit hive development, and increase pollination and honey production.
%$ 082 ; 076 ; 080 ; 021