@article{fdi:010088201, title = {{E}stimating health care costs at scale in low- and middle-income countries : mathematical notations and frameworks for the application of cost functions}, author = {d'{E}lbee, {M}. and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {B}riggs, {A}. and {G}riffiths, {U}. {K}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}edley, {G}. {F}. and {G}omez, {G}. {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A}ppropriate costing and economic modeling are major factors for the successful scale-up of health interventions. {V}arious cost functions are currently being used to estimate costs of health interventions at scale in low- and middle-income countries ({LMIC}s) potentially resulting in disparate cost projections. {T}he aim of this study is to gain understanding of current methods used and provide guidance to inform the use of cost functions that is fit for purpose. {W}e reviewed seven databases covering the economic and global health literature to identify studies reporting a quantitative analysis of costs informing the projected scale-up of a health intervention in {LMIC}s between 2003 and 2019. {O}f the 8725 articles identified, 40 met the inclusion criteria. {W}e classified studies according to the type of cost functions applied-accounting or econometric-and described the intended use of cost projections. {B}ased on these findings, we developed new mathematical notations and cost function frameworks for the analysis of healthcare costs at scale in {LMIC}s setting. {T}hese notations estimate variable returns to scale in cost projection methods, which is currently ignored in most studies. {T}he frameworks help to balance simplicity versus accuracy and increase the overall transparency in reporting of methods.}, keywords = {cost functions ; econometrics ; health economics ; low- and middle-income countries ; microeconomics ; production costs ; {PAYS} {EN} {DEVELOPPEMENT}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{H}ealth {E}conomics}, volume = {[{E}arly access]}, numero = {}, pages = {[18 p.]}, ISSN = {1057-9230}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1002/hec.4722}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088201}, } @article{fdi:010087777, title = {{S}timulating dissemination of research that addresses the social and contextual drivers of {HIV} prevention and treatment in the journal {AIDS}}, author = {{S}chneider, {J}. and {C}outinho, {R}. and {H}atcher, {A}. {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {L}etendre, {S}. and {P}araskevis, {D}. and {S}trathdee, {S}. and {V}ance, {D}. {E}. and {M}artinez, {E}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS}}, volume = {37}, numero = {7}, pages = {1021--1021}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000003582}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087777}, } @article{fdi:010087766, title = {"{I} take it and give it to my partners who will give it to their partners" : {S}econdary distribution of {HIV} self-tests by key populations in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal}, author = {{K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {B}oye, {S}okhna and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {V}autier, {A}. and {C}amara, {C}. {S}. and {K}ouadio, {B}. {A}. and {S}ow, {S}. and {D}oumenc-{A}idara, {C}. and {G}ueye, {P}. {A}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {K}amemba, {O}. {K}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {N}dour, {C}. {T}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction {HIV} epidemics in {W}estern and {C}entral {A}frica ({WCA}) remain concentrated among key populations, who are often unaware of their status. {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) and its secondary distribution among key populations, and their partners and relatives, could reduce gaps in diagnosis coverage.{W}e aimed to document and understand secondary {HIVST} distribution practices by men who have sex with men ({MSM}), female sex workers ({FSW}), people who use drugs ({PWUD}); and the use of {HIVST} by their networks in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal.{M}ethods {A} qualitative study was conducted in 2021 involving (a) face-to-face interviews with {MSM}, {FSW}, and {PWUD} who received {HIVST} kits from peer educators (primary users) and (b) telephone interviews with people who received kits from primary contacts (secondary users). {T}hese individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using {D}edoose software. {T}hematic analysis was performed.{R}esults{A} total of 89 participants, including 65 primary users and 24 secondary users were interviewed. {R}esults showed that {HIVST} were effectively redistributed through peers and key populations networks. {T}he main reported motivations for {HIVST} distribution included allowing others to access testing and protecting oneself by verifying the status of partners/clients. {T}he main barrier to distribution was the fear of sexual partners' reactions. {F}indings suggest that members of key populations raised awareness of {HIVST} and referred those in need of {HIVST} to peer educators. {O}ne {FSW} reported physical abuse. {S}econdary users generally completed {HIVST} within two days of receiving the kit. {T}he test was used half the times in the physical presence of another person, partly for psychological support need. {U}sers who reported a reactive test sought confirmatory testing and were linked to care. {S}ome participants mentioned difficulties in collecting the biological sample (2 participants) and interpreting the result (4 participants).{C}onclusion {T}he redistribution of {HIVST} was common among key populations, with minor negative attitudes. {U}sers encountered few difficulties using the kits. {R}eactive test cases were generally confirmed. {T}hese secondary distribution practices support the deployment of {HIVST} to key populations, their partners, and other relatives. {I}n similar {WCA} countries, members of key populations can assist in the distribution of {HIVST}, contributing to closing {HIV} diagnosis gaps.}, keywords = {{HIVST} ; {S}econdary distribution ; {K}ey population ; {ATLAS} ; {W}est and {C}entral {A}frica ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMC} {I}nfectious {D}iseases}, volume = {22}, numero = {{S}uppl. 1}, pages = {970 [17 p.]}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1186/s12879-023-08319-4}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087766}, } @article{fdi:010087820, title = {{I}mplementation and effectiveness of a linkage to {HIV} care intervention in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial)}, author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {D}iallo, {A}. and {H}labisa, {T}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {ANRS} {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {T}imely linkage to care and {ART} initiation is critical to decrease the risks of {HIV}-related morbidity, mortality and {HIV} transmission, but is often challenging. {W}e report on the implementation and effectiveness of a linkage-to-care intervention in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica.{M}ethods : {I}n the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial on {U}niversal {T}esting and {T}reatment ({UTT}) implemented between 2012-2016, resident individuals ?16 years were offered home-based {HIV} testing every six months.{T}hose ascertained to be {HIV}-positive were referred to trial clinics. {S}tarting {M}ay 2013, a linkage-to-care intervention was implemented in both trial arms, consisting of tracking through phone calls and/or home visits to ?re-refer? people who had not linked to care to trial clinics within three months of the first home-based referral. {F}idelity in implementing the planned intervention was described using {K}aplan-{M}eier estimation to compute conditional probabilities of being tracked and of being re-referred by the linkage-to-care team. {E}ffect of the intervention on time to linkage-to-care was analysed using a {C}ox regression model censored for death, migration, and end of data follow-up.{R}esults : {A}mong the 2,837 individuals (73.7% female) included in the analysis, 904 (32%) were tracked at least once, and 573 of them (63.4%) were re-referred. {P}robabilities of being re-referred was 17% within six months of first referral and 31% within twelve months. {C}ompared to individuals not re-referred by the intervention, linkage-to-care was significantly higher among those with at least one re-referral through phone call (adjusted hazard ratio [a{HR}] = 1.82; 95% confidence interval [95% {CI}] = 1.47-2.25), and among those with re-referral through both phone call and home visit (a{HR} = 3.94; 95% {CI} = 2.07-7.48).{C}onclusions : {P}hone calls and home visits following {HIV} testing were challenging to implement, but appeared effective in improving linkage-to-care amongst those receiving the intervention. {S}uch patient-centred strategies should be part of {UTT} programs to achieve the {UNAIDS} 95-95-95 targets}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne}, numero = {}, pages = {e0280479 [17 ]}, ISSN = {1932-6203}, year = {2023}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0280479}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087820}, } @article{fdi:010087056, title = {{P}rojet {ATLAS} : les autotests {VIH}, un outil pour pallier le manque d'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage en {A}frique de l'{O}uest}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {K}ra {K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SENEGAL} ; {MALI} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}he {C}onversation {F}rance}, volume = {28 juillet 2022}, numero = {}, pages = {en ligne [4 ]}, ISSN = {2431-2134 }, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087056}, } @article{fdi:010087012, title = {{E}arly {HIV} treatment and survival over six years of observation in the {ANRS} 12249 treatment as prevention trial}, author = {{B}aisley, {K}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}lazy, {M}. and {C}ollier, {D}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {M}ngomezulu, {T}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {H}anekom, {W}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {S}iedner, {M}.{J}. and {I}wuji, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjectives : {P}opulation- based universal test and treat ({UTT}) trials have shown an impact on population- level virological suppression. {W}e followed the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial population for 6 years to determine whether the intervention had longer- term survival benefits. {M}ethods: {T}he {T}as{P} trial was a cluster-randomized trial in {S}outh {A}frica from 2012 to 2016. {A}ll households were offered 6- monthly home- based {HIV} testing. {I}mmediate antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) was offered through trial clinics to all people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}) in intervention clusters and according to na-tional guidelines in control clusters. {A}fter the trial, individuals attending the trial clinics were transferred to the public {ART} programme. {D}eaths were ascertained through annual demographic surveillance. {R}andom- effects {P}oisson regression was used to estimate the effect of trial arm on mortality among (i) all {PLHIV}; (ii) {PLHIV} aware of their status and not on {ART} at trial entry; and (iii) {PHLIV} who started {ART} during the trial. {R}esults: {M}ortality rates among {PLHIV} were 9.3/1000 and 10.4/1000 person- years in the control and intervention arms, respectively. {T}here was no evidence hat the intervention decreased mortality among all {PLHIV} [adjusted rate ratio (a{RR}) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval ({CI}) = 0.85- 1.43, p = 0.46] or among {PLHIV} who were aware of their status but not on {ART}. {A}mong individuals who initiated {ART}, the intervention decreased mortality during the trial (a{RR} = 0.49, 95% {CI} = 0.28- 0.85, p = 0.01), but not after the trial ended. {C}onclusions: {T}he 'treat all' strategy reduced mortality among individuals who started {ART} but not among all {PLHIV}. {T}o achieve maximum benefit of immedi-ate {ART}, barriers to {ART} uptake and retention in care need to be addressed.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{HIV} {M}edicine}, volume = {23}, numero = {8}, pages = {922--928}, ISSN = {1464-2662}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1111/hiv.13263}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087012}, } @article{fdi:010087014, title = {{E}conomic analysis of low volume interventions using real-world data : costs of {HIV} self-testing distribution and {HIV} testing services in {W}est {A}frica from the {ATLAS} project}, author = {{T}raor{\'e}, {M}.{M}. and {B}adiane, {K}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {K}anku {K}abemba, {O}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {D}'{E}lb{\'e}e, {M}. and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A}chieving the first 95 of the {UNAIDS} targets requires the implementation of innovative approaches to knowing one's {HIV} status. {A}mong these innovations is the provision of {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) kits in west {A}frica by the international partner organization {S}olthis ({IPO}). {I}n order to provide guidance for the optimal use of financial resources, this study aims to estimate the program and site level costs of dispensing {HIVST} as well as {HIV} testing services ({HTS})-excluding {HIVST}-in health facilities in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal as part of the {ATLAS} project. {W}e estimated from the provider's perspective, {HIVST} and {HTS} incremental costs using top-down and bottom-up costing approaches and conducted a time and motion study. {W}e identified costs at the program level for {HIVST} (including {IPO} central costs) and at the site level for {HIVST} and {HTS}. {T}he economic costs of distributing {HIVST} kits were assessed in 37 health facilities between {J}uly 2019 and {M}arch 2021 (21 months). {S}ensitivity analyses were also performed on unit costs to examine the robustness of our estimates related to key assumptions. {I}n total, 16,001 {HIVST} kits were dispensed for 32,194 {HTS} sessions carried out. {P}rogram level {HIVST} average costs ranged $12-286, whereas site level costs ranged $4-26 across distribution channels and countries. {S}ite level {HTS} costs ranged $7-8 per testing session, and ranged $72-705 per {HIV} diagnosis. {A}cross countries and channels, {HIVST} costs were driven by personnel (27-68%) and {HIVST} kits (32-73%) costs. {T}he drivers of {HTS} costs were personnel costs ranging between 65 and 71% of total costs across distribution channels and countries, followed by supplies costs between 21 and 30%. {W}hile program level {HIVST} average costs were high, site level {HIVST} average costs remained comparable to {HTS} costs in all countries. {H}ealth facility-based distribution channels operating at low volume exhibit high proportion of central costs which should be considered carefully for financial planning when run alongside high volumes mobile outreach distribution channels. {HIVST} can diversify the {HIV} testing offer at health facilities, thus improving access to screening for target populations not reached by {HTS} services.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {H}ealth {S}ervices}, volume = {2}, numero = {}, pages = {886513 [11 ]}, ISSN = {2813-0146}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.3389/frhs.2022.886513}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087014}, } @article{fdi:010086780, title = {{A}chieving the {UNAIDS} 90-90-90 targets : a comparative analysis of four large community randomised trials delivering universal testing and treatment to reduce {HIV} transmission in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica}, author = {{S}abapathy, {K}. and {B}alzer, {L}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}lock, {L}. and {F}loyd, {S}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {W}irth, {K}. and {A}yles, {H}. and {F}idler, {S}. and {K}amya, {M}. and {P}etersen, {M}. and {H}avlir, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {M}oore, {J}. and {H}ayes, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {F}our large community-randomized trials examining universal testing and treatment ({UTT}) to reduce {HIV} transmission were conducted between 2012-2018 in {B}otswana, {K}enya, {U}ganda, {Z}ambia and {S}outh {A}frica. {I}n 2014, the {UNAIDS} 90-90-90 targets were adopted as a useful metric to monitor coverage. {W}e systematically review {I} the approaches used by the trials to measure intervention delivery, and estimate coverage against the 90-90-90 targets. {W}e aim to provide in-depth understanding of the background contexts and complexities that affect estimation of population-level coverage related to the 90-90-90 targets. {M}ethods: {E}stimates were based predominantly on "process" data obtained during delivery of the interventions which included a combination of home-based and community-based services. {C}ascade coverage data included routine electronic health records, self-reported data, survey data, and active ascertainment of {HIV} viral load measurements in the field. {R}esults: {T}he estimated total adult populations of trial intervention communities included in this study ranged from 4,290 ({T}as{P}) to 142,250 ({Z}ambian {P}op{ART} {A}rm-{B}). {T}he estimated total numbers of {PLHIV} ranged from 1,283 ({T}as{P}) to 20,541 ({Z}ambian {P}op{ART} {A}rm-{B}). {B}y the end of intervention delivery, the first-90 target (knowledge of {HIV} status among all {PLHIV}) was met by all the trials (89.2%-94.0%). {T}hree of the four trials also achieved the second- and third-90 targets, and viral suppression in {BCPP} and {SEARCH} exceeded the {UNAIDS} target of 73%, while viral suppression in the {Z}ambian {P}op{ART} {A}rm-{A} and {B} communities was within a small margin (similar to 3%) of the target. {C}onclusions: {A}ll four {UTT} trials aimed to implement wide-scale testing and treatment for {HIV} prevention at population level and showed substantial increases in testing and treatment for {HIV} in the intervention communities. {T}his study has not uncovered any one estimation approach which is superior, rather that several approaches are available and researchers or policy makers seeking to measure coverage should reflect on background contexts and complexities that affect estimation of population-level coverage in their specific settings.}, keywords = {{HIV} ; {A}ntiretroviral treatment ; {U}niversal {T}esting and {T}reatment ; {T}reatment as {P}revention ; {UNAIDS} 90-90-90 ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {BOTSWANA} ; {KENYA} ; {UGANDA} ; {ZAMBIE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMC} {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {22}, numero = {1}, pages = {2333 [16 p.]}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1186/s12889-022-14713-5}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086780}, } @article{fdi:010087013, title = {{I}ncidence of {HIV} infection and associated factors among female sex workers in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, results of the {ANRS} 12361 {P}r{EP}-{CI} study using recent infection assays}, author = {{N}ouaman, {M}.{N}. and {B}ecquet, {V}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {Z}{\'e}bago, {C}. and {M}ontoyo, {A}. and {A}noma, {C}. and {E}holi{\'e}, {S}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {T}his study aimed to estimate, using an {HIV} {R}ecent {I}nfection {T}esting {A}lgorithm ({RITA}), the {HIV} incidence and its associated factors among female sex workers ({FSW}) in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}ethods : {A} cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016-2017 in {A}bidjan and {S}an {P}edro's region among {FSW} aged sup. or eq. 18 years. {I}n addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire, {HIV} screening was carried out by two rapid tests. {I}n the event of a positive result, a dried blood spot sample was taken to determine, using a {RITA} adapted to the {I}vorian context, if it was a recent {HIV} infection. {R}esults: {A} total of 1000 {FSW} were surveyed with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range: 21-29 years). 39 (3.9%) tested positive for {HIV}. {T}he incidence of {HIV} was estimated to be 2.3 per 100 person-years, with higher incidence rates among those 24 years old or less (3.0% vs. 1.9%), non-{I}vorian {FSW} (3.2% vs. 1.9%) and those with the lowest education level (4.6% in {FSW} who never went to school vs. 2.6%). {T}he incidence seemed to be associated with the sex work practice conditions: higher incidence among {FSW} whose usual price was less than 3.50$ (4.3% vs.1.0%), {FSW} who had a larger number of clients on the last day of work (6.1% in those with 7 clients or more vs. 1.8%), {FSW} who reported not always using condoms with their clients (8.5% vs. 1.5%) and {FSW} who reported agreeing to sex without a condom in exchange for a large sum of money (10.1% vs. 1.2%). {C}onclusion: {T}his study confirms that {FSW} remain highly exposed to {HIV} infection. {E}xposure to {HIV} is also clearly associated with certain sex-work factors and the material conditions of sex work. {E}fforts in the fight against {HIV} infection must be intensified to reduce new infections among {FSW}.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN} ; {SAN} {PEDRO} {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne}, volume = {17}, numero = {11}, pages = {e0271988 [13 ]}, ISSN = {1932-6203}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0271988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087013}, } @article{fdi:010086363, title = {{R}isks and benefits of oral {HIV} pre-exposure prophylaxis for people with chronic hepatitis {B}}, author = {{M}ohareb, {A}. {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}im, {A}. {Y}. and {C}offie, {P}. {A}. and {K}ouame, {M}. {G}. and {B}oyd, {A}. and {F}reedberg, {K}. {A}. and {H}yle, {E}. {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ndividuals with chronic hepatitis {B} virus ({HBV}) infection who are at substantial risk of {HIV} acquisition benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) with tenofovir-based antiviral therapy. {C}onsidering that tenofovir potently inhibits {HBV}, providing {P}r{EP} to individuals with {HBV} effectively results in treatment of their {HBV} infection. {H}owever, some clinicians might be hesitant to initiate {P}r{EP} in people with chronic {HBV} due to unknown risks of {HBV} reactivation, hepatitis, and acute liver failure during periods of antiviral cessation. {U}nfortunately, these knowledge gaps affect scale up of {P}r{EP} among people with chronic {HBV}. {E}merging data regarding the risks and benefits of antiviral cessation in people with chronic {HBV} suggest that {P}r{EP} can be safely initiated despite the risks of non-adherence or discontinuation. {P}eople with chronic {HBV} who stop {P}r{EP} should be closely monitored for {HBV} reactivation and hepatitis flares after antiviral cessation.}, keywords = {{MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}ancet {HIV}}, volume = {9}, numero = {8}, pages = {{E}585--{E}594}, ISSN = {2352-3018}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00123-0}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086363}, } @article{fdi:010086296, title = {{R}outine programmatic data show a positive population-level impact of {HIV} self-testing : the case of {C}ote d'{I}voire and implications for implementation}, author = {{F}otso, {A}. {S}. and {J}ohnson, {C}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {K}ouame, {K}. {B}. and {D}iop, {P}. {M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}. {C}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {D}oumenc-{A}idara, {C}. and {B}aggaley, {R}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjectives: {W}e estimate the effects of {ATLAS}'s {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) kit distribution on conventional {HIV} testing, diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) initiations in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {D}esign: {E}cological study using routinely collected {HIV} testing services program data. {M}ethods: {W}e used the {ATLAS}'s programmatic data recorded between the third quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2021, in addition to data from the {P}resident's {E}mergency {P}lan for {AIDS} {R}elief dashboard. {W}e performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed models. {R}esults are presented per 1000 {HIVST} kits distributed through {ATLAS}. {R}esults: {W}e found a negative but nonsignificant effect of the number of {ATLAS}' distributed {HIVST} kits on conventional testing uptake (-190 conventional tests; 95% confidence interval [{CI}]: -427 to 37). {T}he relationship between the number of {HIVST} kits and {HIV} diagnoses was significant and positive (+8 diagnosis; 95% {CI}: 0 to 15). {N}o effect was observed on {ART} initiation (-2 {ART} initiations; 95% {CI}: -8 to 5). {C}onclusions: {ATLAS}' {HIVST} kit distribution had a positive impact on {HIV} diagnoses. {D}espite the negative signal on conventional testing, even if only 20% of distributed kits are used, {HIVST} would increase access to testing. {T}he methodology used in this paper offers a promising way to leverage routinely collected programmatic data to estimate the effects of {HIVST} kit distribution in real-world programs.}, keywords = {antiretroviral treatment ; diagnosis ; female sex workers ; {HIV} ; self-testing ; implementation ; key populations ; men who have sex with men ; testing ; triangulation of programmatic data ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids}, volume = {36}, numero = {13}, pages = {1871--1879}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000003328}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086296}, } @article{fdi:010086046, title = {{U}nderstanding the pathways leading to socioeconomic inequalities in {HIV} testing uptake in 18 sub-{S}aharan {A}frican countries}, author = {{A}nte-{T}estard, {P}. {A}. and {H}amidouche, {M}. and {A}pouey, {B}. and {B}aggaley, {R}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}enmarhnia, {T}. and {T}emime, {L}. and {J}ean, {K}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}o better understand the different pathways linking socioeconomic position and {HIV} testing uptake in 18 sub-{S}aharan {A}frican countries. {D}esign: {W}e used cross-sectional population-based surveys between 2010 and 2018. {M}ethods: {U}sing a potential outcomes framework and the product method, we decomposed the total effect linking wealth and recent (<12 months) {HIV} testing into direct effects, and indirect effects, via internal (related to individual's ability to perceive need for and to seek care) or external (ability to reach, pay for and engage in healthcare) mediators to calculate the proportion mediated ({PM}) by each mediator. {R}esults: {H}igh levels of inequalities were observed in nine and 15 countries among women and men, respectively. {T}he mediator indirect effect varied greatly across countries. {T}he {PM} tended to be higher for internal than for external mediators. {F}or instance, among women, {HIV}-related knowledge was estimated to mediate up to 12.1% of inequalities in {C}ote d'{I}voire; and up to 31.5% for positive attitudes towards people with {HIV} ({PWH}) in {S}enegal. {F}or the four external mediators, the {PM} was systematically below 7%. {S}imilar findings were found when repeating analyses on men for the internal mediators, with higher {PM} by attitudes towards {PWH} (up to 39.9% in {S}enegal). {C}onclusions: {O}ur findings suggest that wealth-related inequalities in {HIV} testing may be mediated by internal more than external characteristics, with important variability across countries. {O}verall, the important heterogeneities in the pathways of wealth-related inequalities in {HIV} testing illustrate that addressing inequalities requires tailored efforts and upstream interventions.}, keywords = {health inequalities ; {HIV} ; {HIV} testing ; mediation analysis ; socioeconomic ; inequalities ; sub-{S}aharan {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS}}, volume = {36}, numero = {12}, pages = {1707--1716}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000003316}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086046}, } @article{fdi:010085920, title = {{I}mproving our understanding of how structural determinants impact {HIV} epidemics : a scoping review of dynamic models to guide future research}, author = {{S}tannah, {J}. and {A}nato, {J}. {L}. {F}. and {M}itchell, {K}. {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}. {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety}, volume = {25}, numero = {suppl. 3}, pages = {142--143}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085920}, } @article{fdi:010085273, title = {{C}osts and economies of scale in repeated home-based {HIV} counselling and testing : evidence from the {ANRS} 12249 treatment as prevention trial in {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{B}ousmah, {M}arwan-al-{Q}ays and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oyer, {S}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{U}niversal {HIV} testing is now recommended in generalised {HIV} epidemic settings. {A}lthough home-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({HB}-{HCT}) has been shown to be effective in achieving high levels of {HIV} status awareness, little is still known about the cost implications of universal and repeated {HB}-{HCT}. {W}e estimated the costs of repeated {HB}-{HCT} and the scale economies that can be obtained when increasing the population coverage of the intervention. {W}e used primary data from the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica (2012-2016), whose testing component included six-monthly repeated {HB}-{HCT}. {W}e relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moments ({GMM}) approach to produce unbiased short-and long-run estimates of economies of scale, using the number of contacts made by {HIV} counsellors for {HB}-{HCT} as the scale variable. {W}e also estimated the mediating effect of the contact quality - measured as the proportion of {HIV} tests performed among all contacts eligible for an {HIV} test - on scale economies. {T}he mean cost (standard deviation) of universal and repeated {HB}-{HCT} was $24.2 (13.7) per contact, $1694.3 (1527.8) per new {HIV} diagnosis, and $269.2 (279.0) per appropriate referral to {HIV} care. {T}he {GMM} estimations revealed the presence of economies of scale, with a 1% increase in the number of contacts for {HB}-{HCT} leading to a 0.27% decrease in the mean cost. {O}ur results also suggested a significant long-run relationship between mean cost and scale, with a 1% increase in the scale leading to a 0.36% decrease in mean cost in the long run. {O}verall, we showed that significant cost savings can be made from increasing population coverage. {N}evertheless, there is a risk that this gain is made at the expense of quality: the higher the quality of {HB}-{HCT} activities, the lower the economies of scale.}, keywords = {{AIDS}/{HIV} ; {HIV} ; {P}revention ; {C}ost of care ; {E}conomies of scale ; {I}nterventions ; {C}linical trials ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}ocial {S}cience and {M}edicine}, volume = {305}, numero = {}, pages = {115068 [10 p.]}, ISSN = {0277-9536}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115068}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085273}, } @article{fdi:010085347, title = {{P}references and access to community-based {HIV} testing sites among men who have sex with men ({MSM}) in {C}ote d'{I}voire}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne {K}ra and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arilon, {S}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {K}one, {M}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}nrs, {D}od-{C}i}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjective {M}easuring access and preferences to {M}en who have {S}ex with {M}en focused community-based {HIV} testing sites ({MSM}-{CBTS}) in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {D}esign {A} respondent-driven sampling telephone survey. {S}etting {N}ational survey conducted in 2018 in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {P}articipants 518 {MSM} aged over 18 years old. {P}rimary and secondary outcome measures {K}nowledge, practices, satisfaction and preferences regarding {MSM}-{CBTS}. {F}actors associated with {MSM}-{CTBS} access or knowledge and with {HIV} testing venue preferences were examined. {R}esults {O}nly half of the respondents (47%) reported knowing of an {MSM}-{CBTS}. {O}f these, 79% had already attended one. {B}oth knowing of and ever visiting an {MSM}-{CBTS} were significantly associated with a higher number of {HIV} tests performed in the past 12 months and having disclosed sexual orientation to one family member. {I}n terms of preferences, 37% of respondents said they preferred undifferentiated {HIV} testing sites (ie, 'all patients' {HIV} testing sites), 34% preferred {MSM}-{CBTS} and 29% had no preference. {T}hose who reported being sexually attracted to women, being bisexual and those who did not know an {MSM} non-governmental organisation were less likely to prefer {MSM}-{CBTS}. {MSM} who preferred undifferentiated {HIV} testing sites mentioned the lack of discretion and anonymity of community-based sites and the desire to avoid the gaze of others. {C}onclusion {C}ommunity-based {HIV} testing is well suited for {MSM} who identify as homosexual and those close to the {MSM} community, while maintaining undifferentiated {HIV} testing is essential for others. {B}oth types of activities need to be maintained and developed. {H}ealthcare professionals in undifferentiated {HIV} testing sites need to be properly trained in the non-judgemental reception of {MSM}.}, keywords = {{HIV} & {AIDS} ; {I}nternational health services ; {SEXUAL} {MEDICINE} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMJ} {O}pen}, volume = {12}, numero = {6}, pages = {e052536 [11 ]}, ISSN = {2044-6055}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052536}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085347}, } @article{fdi:010084704, title = {{W}illingness to use and distribute {HIV} self-test kits to clients and partners : a qualitative analysis of female sex workers' collective opinion and attitude in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal}, author = {{K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {B}oye, {S}okhna and {V}autier, {A}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {K}ouadio, {B}. {A}. and {F}otso, {A}. {S}. and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {S}ow, {S}. and {C}amara, {C}. {S}. and {D}oumenc-{A}idara, {C}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {B}oily, {M}. {C}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {D}'{E}lbee, {M}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {G}ueye, {P}. {A}. and {D}iop, {P}. {M}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {K}amemba, {O}. {K}. and {D}iallo, {S}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {N}dour, {C}. {T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ATLAS} {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {I}n {W}est {A}frica, female sex workers are at increased risk of {HIV} acquisition and transmission. {HIV} self-testing could be an effective tool to improve access to and frequency of {HIV} testing to female sex workers, their clients and partners. {T}his article explores their perceptions regarding {HIV} self-testing use and the redistribution of {HIV} self-testing kits to their partners and clients. {M}ethods: {E}mbedded within {ATLAS}, a qualitative study was conducted in {C}ote-d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal in 2020. {N}ine focus group discussions were conducted. {A} thematic analysis was performed. {R}esults: {A} total of 87 participants expressed both positive attitudes toward {HIV} self-testing and their willingness to use or reuse {HIV} self-testing. {HIV} self-testing was perceived to be discreet, confidential, and convenient. {HIV} self-testing provides autonomy from testing by providers and reduces stigma. {S}ome perceived {HIV} self-testing as a valuable tool for testing their clients who are willing to offer a premium for condomless sex. {W}hile highlighting some potential issues, overall, female sex workers were optimistic about linkage to confirmatory testing following a reactive {HIV} self-testing. {F}emale sex workers expressed positive attitudes toward secondary distribution to their partners and clients, although it depended on relationship types. {T}hey seemed more enthusiastic about secondary distribution to their regular/emotional partners and regular clients with whom they had difficulty using condoms, and whom they knew enough to discuss {HIV} self-testing. {H}owever, they expressed that it could be more difficult with casual clients; the duration of the interaction being too short to discuss {HIV} self-testing, and they fear violence and/or losing them. {C}onclusion: {O}verall, female sex workers have positive attitudes toward {HIV} self-testing use and are willing to redistribute to their regular partners and clients. {H}owever, they are reluctant to promote such use with their casual clients. {HIV} self-testing can improve access to {HIV} testing for female sex workers and the members of their sexual and social network.}, keywords = {{ATLAS} ; female sex workers ; {HIV} self-testing ; partners ; perception ; secondary distribution ; {W}est {A}frica ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{W}omens {H}ealth}, volume = {18}, numero = {}, pages = {[11 ]}, ISSN = {1745-5057}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1177/17455057221092268}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084704}, } @article{fdi:010084354, title = {{T}reat-all strategy and long-term survival among people living with {HIV} in {S}outh {A}frica : results after 6 years of observation in the {ANRS} 12249 treatment as prevention trial}, author = {{B}aisley, {K}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}lazy, {M}. and {C}ollier, {D}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {M}ngomezulu, {T}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {H}anekom, {W}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {S}iedner, {M}. {J}. and {I}wuji, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjectives: {P}opulation-based universal test and treat ({UTT}) trials have shown an impact on population-level virological suppression. {W}e followed the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial population for 6 years to determine whether the intervention had longer-term survival benefits. {M}ethods: {T}he {T}as{P} trial was a cluster-randomized trial in {S}outh {A}frica from 2012 to 2016. {A}ll households were offered 6-monthly home-based {HIV} testing. {I}mmediate antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) was offered through trial clinics to all people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}) in intervention clusters and according to national guidelines in control clusters. {A}fter the trial, individuals attending the trial clinics were transferred to the public {ART} programme. {D}eaths were ascertained through annual demographic surveillance. {R}andom-effects {P}oisson regression was used to estimate the effect of trial arm on mortality among (i) all {PLHIV}; (ii) {PLHIV} aware of their status and not on {ART} at trial entry; and (iii) {PHLIV} who started {ART} during the trial. {R}esults: {M}ortality rates among {PLHIV} were 9.3/1000 and 10.4/1000 person-years in the control and intervention arms, respectively. {T}here was no evidence that the intervention decreased mortality among all {PLHIV} [adjusted rate ratio (a{RR}) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval ({CI}) = 0.85-1.43, p = 0.46] or among {PLHIV} who were aware of their status but not on {ART}. {A}mong individuals who initiated {ART}, the intervention decreased mortality during the trial (a{RR} = 0.49, 95% {CI} = 0.28-0.85, p = 0.01), but not after the trial ended. {C}onclusions: {T}he 'treat all' strategy reduced mortality among individuals who started {ART} but not among all {PLHIV}. {T}o achieve maximum benefit of immediate {ART}, barriers to {ART} uptake and retention in care need to be addressed.}, keywords = {{HIV} ; immediate antiretroviral therapy ; mortality ; {S}outh {A}frica ; test and ; treat ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{HIV} {M}edicine}, volume = {23}, numero = {8}, pages = {922--928}, ISSN = {1464-2662}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010084354}, } @article{fdi:010083936, title = {{I}s it possible to recruit {HIV} self-test users for an anonymous phone-based survey using passive recruitment without financial incentives ? : lessons learned from a pilot study in {C}ote d'{I}voire}, author = {{S}imo {F}otso, {A}rlette and {K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne {K}ra and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oye, {S}okhna and d'{E}lbee, {M}. and {K}y-zerbo, {O}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {N}'{G}uessan, {N}. {K}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ATLAS} {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground {D}ue to the discreet and private nature of {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}), it is particularly challenging to monitor and assess the impacts of this testing strategy. {T}o overcome this challenge, we conducted a study in {C}ote d'{I}voire to characterize the profile of end users of {HIVST} kits distributed through the {ATLAS} project ({A}uto{T}est {VIH}, {L}ibre d'{A}cceder a la connaissance de son {S}tatut). {F}easibility was assessed using a pilot phone-based survey. {M}ethods {T}he {ATLAS} project aims to distribute 221300 {HIVST} kits in {C}ote d'{I}voire from 2019 to 2021 through both primary (e.g., direct distribution to primary users) and secondary distribution (e.g., for partner testing). {T}he pilot survey used a passive recruitment strategy-whereby participants voluntarily called a toll-free survey phone number-to enrol participants. {T}he survey was promoted through a sticker on the {HIVST} instruction leaflet and hotline invitations and informal promotion by {HIVST} kit-dispensing agents. {I}mportantly, participation was not financially incentivized, even though surveys focussed on key populations usually use incentives in this context. {R}esults {A}fter a 7-month period in which 25,000 {HIVST} kits were distributed, only 42 questionnaires were completed. {N}evertheless, the survey collected data from users receiving {HIVST} kits via both primary and secondary distribution (69% and 31%, respectively). {C}onclusion {T}his paper provides guidance on how to improve the design of future surveys of this type. {I}t discusses the need to financial incentivize participation, to reorganize the questionnaire, the importance of better informing and training stakeholders involved in the distribution of {HIVST}, and the use of flyers to increase the enrolment of users reached through secondary distribution.}, keywords = {{HIV} ; {AIDS} ; {HIV} self-testing ; {ATLAS} project ; {K}ey populations ; {M}en who ; have sex with men ; {F}emale sex workers ; {D}rug users ; {S}econdary distribution ; {M}onitoring ; {T}elephone survey ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}ilot and {F}easibility {S}tudies}, volume = {8}, numero = {1}, pages = {4 [7 ]}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.1186/s40814-021-00965-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083936}, } @techreport{fdi:010088047, title = {{D}{\'e}crire, analyser et comprendre les effets de l'introduction de l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {A}frique de l'{O}uest {\`a} travers l'exemple du programme {ATLAS} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, au {M}ali et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal}, author = {{R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {K}y-{S}erbo, {O}. and {B}oye, {S}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {D}'{E}lb{\'e}e, {M}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne {K}ra and {V}autier, {A}. and {D}oumenc-{A}{\¨ie}dara, {C}. and {B}reton, {G}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {T}idiane {N}dour, {C}. and {B}oilly, {M}.{C}. and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {P}ourette, {D}olor{\`e}s and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{C}ontexte : {L}e programme {ATLAS} vise {\`a} promouvoir et {\`a} d{\'e}ployer l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}) dans trois pays d'{A}frique de l'{O}uest : {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, {M}ali et {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal. {S}ur la p{\'e}riode 2019-2021, en {\'e}troite collaboration avec les partenaires nationaux de mise en oeuvre de la lutte contre le sida et les communaut{\'e}s, {ATLAS} pr{\'e}voit de distribuer 500 000 kits {VIHST} {\`a} travers huit canaux de distribution, combinant des strat{\'e}gies fixes et des strat{\'e}gies avanc{\'e}es, une distribution primaire et une distribution secondaire d'{ADVIH}. {T}enant compte de l'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ouest-africaine, les cibles du programme {ATLAS} sont les populations difficiles {\`a} atteindre : les populations cl{\'e}s (travailleuses de sexe, hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes et usager·e·s de drogues), leurs clients ou partenaires sexuels, les partenaires des personnes vivant avec le {VIH} et les patients diagnostiqu{\'e}s avec des infections sexuellement transmissibles et leurs partenaires. {L}e programme {ATLAS} int{\'e}grer ainsi un volet recherche ayant pour objectif d'accompagner cette mise en oeuvre et de g{\'e}n{\'e}rer des connaissances sur le passage {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle de l'{ADVIH} en {A}frique de l'{O}uest. {L}'objectif principal est de d{\'e}crire, d'analyser et de comprendre les effets sociaux, sanitaires, {\'e}pid{\'e}miologiques et {\'e}conomiques de l'introduction de l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, au {M}ali et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal pour am{\'e}liorer l'offre de d{\'e}pistage (accessibilit{\'e}, efficacit{\'e}, {\'e}thique). {M}{\'e}thodes : {L}a recherche {ATLAS} est organis{\'e}e en cinq work packages ({WP}) multidisciplinaires : {WP} {P}opulations cl{\'e}s : enqu{\^e}tes qualitatives (entretiens individuels approfondis, discussions de groupe) men{\'e}es aupr{\`e}s des acteurs cl{\'e}s, des populations cl{\'e}s et des utilisateurs des services de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}. {WP} {D}{\'e}pistage des cas index : observation ethnographique de trois services de soins {VIH} introduisant l'{ADVIH} pour le d{\'e}pistage du partenaire. {WP} {E}nqu{\^e}te coupons : une enqu{\^e}te t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique anonyme aupr{\`e}s des utilisateurs de l'{ADVIH}. {WP} {V}olet {\'e}conomique : analyse des coûts {\'e}conomiques diff{\'e}rentiels de chaque mod{\`e}le de dispensation {\`a} l'aide d'une approche descendante avec collecte des coûts programmatiques, compl{\'e}t{\'e} par une approche ascen-dante aupr{\`e}s d'un {\'e}chantillon de sites de dispensations de l'{ADVIH}, et une {\'e}tude temps-mouvement aupr{\`e}s d'un {\'e}chantillon d'agent·e·s dispensateurs. {WP} {M}od{\'e}lisation : adaptation, param{\'e}trisation et calibration d'un mod{\`e}le compartimental dynamique qui prend en compte les diverses populations cibl{\'e}es par le programme {ATLAS} et les diff{\'e}rentes modalit{\'e}s et strat{\'e}gies de d{\'e}pistage. {D}iscussion : {L}e programme {ATLAS} est la premi{\`e}re {\'e}tude compl{\`e}te sur l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {A}frique de l'{O}uest. {L}e programme {ATLAS} se concentre particuli{\`e}rement sur la distribution secondaire de l'{ADVIH}. {C}e protocole a {\'e}t{\'e} approuv{\'e} par trois comit{\'e}s d'{\'e}thique nationaux et par le comit{\'e} d'{\'e}thique de la recherche de l'{OMS}.}, keywords = {{SENEGAL} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{CEPED}}, series = {{W}orking {P}apers du {CEPED}}, pages = {22 multigr.}, year = {2022}, DOI = {https://zenodo.org/record/5599410}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010088047}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087003, title = {{P}revalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female sex workers in {S}an {P}edro, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire ({ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} project) [poster]}, author = {{N}ouaman, {N}.{M}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {B}ecquet, {V}. and {A}goua, {A}. and {Z}{\'e}bago, {C}. and {D}ao, {H}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {E}holie, {S}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {T}he {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} study is an interventional single-arm cohort. {P}articipants recruitment started in {N}ovember 2019. {T}he study aimed to evaluate a comprehensive and community-based care offer among {FSW}s aged '¥ 18 years in the {S}an {P}edro area. {M}ethods : {C}are services included quarterly syndromic screening for {STI}s, as well as vaginal and anal swabs for the screening of chlamydia trachomatis ({CT}) and neisseria gonorrhoea ({NG}) by polymerase chain reaction ({PCR}) at {M}0, {M}12 and {M}24. {A}t the same visits, identification of dysplasias and precancerous lesions of the cervix was performed by visual inspection after applying acetic acid and {L}ugol's iodine. {STI}s were managed according to the national algorithm. {W}e describe (i) the characteristics of cervical lesions as well as the prevalence of {STI}s (syndromic and {PCR}) and associated symptoms and (ii) the incidence of syndromic {STI}s during follow-up. {R}esults : {I}n {N}ovember 2021, 372 {FSW}s were included. {T}he median age was 29 years, 34% had never been to school, 56% were {I}vorian, and the median duration of sex work was 2 years. {A}t inclusion, 4.7% [95% confidence interval: 2.8-7.5] had cervical lesions with 3.5% leukoplakia and 2.2% haemorrhagic cervical junction zone. {T}he prevalence of syndromic {STI}s was 17.2% [13.0-22.6]; associated clinical signs were vaginal discharge (13.7%), vaginal ulceration (2.1%), lower abdominal pain (4.3%) and cervical inflammation (2.6%). {T}he prevalence of anovaginal {CT} and {NG} were 8.7% [6.2- 12.1] and 10.4% [7.6- 13.9], respectively; clinical signs were found in 2.4% of {CT}-positive and 12.2% of {NG}-positive {FSW}s. {M}ost {FSW}s with syndromic {STI}s did not have {CT} or {NG} infection. {D}uring the follow-up, 82 cases of syndromic {STI}s were observed per 209 person-years, i.e. an incidence of 39.1% [31.1- 49.0]. {PCR} data at {M}12 and {M}24 are being consolidated and will allow estimating the incidence of {CT} and {NG}. {C}onclusions : {A} high prevalence and incidence of syndromic {STI}s were observed among {FSW}s, highlighting the importance and the interest of a regular follow-up. {T}he results also showed the predominantly asymptomatic nature of {STI}s discovered by {PCR} in this at-risk population and, therefore, the importance of coupling syndromic screening and {PCR} analyses.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087003}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087004, title = {{M}esure de l'impact populationnel de l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} par la triangulation de donn{\'e}es programmatiques de routine : exemple du projet {ATLAS} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire [poster]}, author = {{S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {J}ohnson, {C}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {K}ouam{\'e}, {K}.{B}. and {D}iop, {P}.{M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {D}oumenc-{A}{\¨ie}dara, {C}. and {B}aggaley, {R}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {L}'auto-d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}) est recommand{\'e} comme strat{\'e}gie de d{\'e}pistage par l'{OMS}. {I}l a pour avantage de permettre aux personnes de r{\'e}aliser elles-m{\^e}mes leur test et de garantir la discr{\'e}tion et confidentialit{\'e}, permettant de toucher des populations non test{\'e}es et difficiles {\`a} atteindre. {C}ependant, son caract{\`e}re confidentiel et l'approche de distribution via les r{\'e}seaux (ciblant les population cl{\'e}s et leurs proches et partenaires) rendent difficile l'estimation de l'impact de l'{ADVIH} au niveau populationnel. {C}ette {\'e}tude propose un moyen de surmonter ce d{\'e}fi et utilise des donn{\'e}es programmatiques de routine pour estimer indirectement les impacts du projet {ATLAS} sur l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}, le d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} conventionnel (c'est-{\`a}-dire autre que l'{ADVIH}), les nouveaux diagnostics du {VIH} et l'initiation de traitement antir{\'e}troviral ({TAR}) en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes {L}es donn{\'e}es sur le nombre de kits d'{ADVIH} distribu{\'e}s par {ATLAS} proviennent des rapports des partenaires de mise en oeuvre entre le troisi{\`e}me trimestre ({T}3) de 2019 et le {T}1 2021. {N}ous utilisons {\'e}galement les indicateurs de routine du {PEPFAR} agr{\'e}g{\'e}es par districts sanitaires et par trimestre. {L}es analyses se font par une r{\'e}gression de s{\'e}ries chronologiques {\'e}cologiques {\`a} l'aide de mod{\`e}les mixtes lin{\'e}aires. {R}{\'e}sultats {E}ntre {T}3 2019 et {T}1 2021, 99353 kits d'{ADVIH} ont {\'e}t{\'e} distribu{\'e}s par {ATLAS} dans les 78 districts sanitaires inclus dans l'analyse. {L}es r{\'e}sultats (tableau 1) montrent un effet n{\'e}gatif mais non significatif sur le volume de tests conventionnels (-195) ce qui traduirait une l{\'e}g{\`e}re substitution entre {ADVIH} et test conventionnel. {M}algr{\'e} cela l'effet net est positif sur l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage : pour 1000 {ADVIH} distribu{\'e}s via {ATLAS}, 589 personnes suppl{\'e}mentaires ont eu acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} avec l'hypoth{\`e}se d'un taux d'utilisation d'{ADVIH} ({TU}) de 80 % et 393 avec une hypoth{\`e}se de 60%. {L}'effet de l'{ADVIH} sur le diagnostic du {VIH} {\'e}tait significatif et positif (8). {P}as d'effet significatif observ{\'e} sur l'initiation {TAR} (-2). {C}onclusion {N}os r{\'e}sultats mettent en {\'e}vidence qu'une strat{\'e}gie de distribution de l'{ADVIH} bas{\'e}e sur les r{\'e}seaux ciblant les population cl{\'e}s et leurs proches et partenaires augmentent l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} et am{\'e}liore le diagnostic. {L}a m{\'e}thodologie utilis{\'e}e dans cet article pourrait {\^e}tre reproduite dans diff{\'e}rents contextes pour l'{\'e}valuation des programmes d'{ADVIH}, sans n{\'e}cessit{\'e} de syst{\`e}mes de collecte additionnels.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087004}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010086646, title = {{R}etards {\`a} l'initiation de la {P}r{EP} orale chez les travailleuses du sexe en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire (projet {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE}) [poster]}, author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {B}ecquet, {V}. and {A}goua, {A}. and {Z}ebago, {C}. and {D}ao, {H}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {E}holie, {S}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {D}{\'e}crire les retards et obstacles {\`a} l'initiation de la prophylaxie pre-exposition ({P}r{EP}) orale des travailleuses du sexe ({TS}) en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes : {L}e projet {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} est une cohorte interventionnelle mono-bras, dont les inclusions ont d{\'e}but{\'e} le 26/11/2019, qui vise {\`a} {\'e}valuer la mise en oeuvre d'une offre de soins globale et communautaire aupr{\`e}s des {TS} de sup. ou {\'e}g. 18 ans dans la r{\'e}gion de {S}an {P}edro. {I}l s'organise autour d'une clinique mobile se d{\'e}pla{\c{c}}ant sur 10 sites prostitutionnels (chaque site {\'e}tant visit{\'e} toutes les deux semaines) et d'une clinique fixe. {L}a {P}r{EP} est propos{\'e}e {\`a} toutes les {TS} {VIH}- ; l'initiation est possible apr{\`e}s v{\'e}rification du taux de cr{\'e}atinine (d{\'e}termin{\'e} via un bilan biologique ; r{\'e}sultats valables un mois). {L}'analyse pr{\'e}sent{\'e}e se limite aux {TS} {VIH}- et s{\'e}ron{\'e}gatives au virus de l'h{\'e}patite {B} ({A}g{HB}s-) incluses jusqu'au 30/09/21, et d{\'e}crit ce qu'il s'est pass{\'e} entre l'int{\'e}r{\^e}t exprim{\'e} pour la {P}r{EP} et la prescription de la {P}r{EP} (ou la fin de suivi). {L}a probabilit{\'e} d'initiation de la {P}r{EP} apr{\`e}s avoir exprim{\'e} son int{\'e}r{\^e}t est d{\'e}crite via une courbe de {K}aplan-{M}eier censur{\'e}e au 23/11/21 (une analyse censur{\'e}e {\`a} la date de derni{\`e}re visite a aussi {\'e}t{\'e} conduite). {R}{\'e}sultats : {P}armi les 362 {TS} {\'e}taient incluses dans la cohorte {PRINCESSE}, 302 {\'e}taient {VIH}-/{A}g{HB}s-. {S}ur les 296 {TS} {\`a} qui la {P}r{EP} a {\'e}t{\'e} pr{\'e}sent{\'e}e (95,2% {\`a} l'inclusion), 292 se sont d{\'e}clar{\'e}es int{\'e}ress{\'e}es (99,7% le jour m{\^e}me). {P}armi elles, 192 (65,8% des {TS} int{\'e}ress{\'e}es) ont re{\c{c}}u une prescription de {P}r{EP} : 18 le jour m{\^e}me de l'int{\'e}r{\^e}t exprim{\'e} (le bilan biologique ayant {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e} lors d'une pr{\'e}c{\'e}dente visite), 148 lors de la visite suivante (d{\'e}lai m{\'e}dian depuis l'int{\'e}r{\^e}t : 3 semaines [{I}ntervalle {I}nter-{Q}uartile : 2-6]) et 26 lors d'une visite ult{\'e}rieure (d{\'e}lai m{\'e}dian : 20 semaines [9-36], soit parce qu'elles n'{\'e}taient temporairement plus int{\'e}ress{\'e}es (n=3), soit parce qu'elles sont revenues tardivement). {A}u final, la probabilit{\'e} de prescription de la {P}r{EP} apr{\`e}s avoir exprim{\'e} son int{\'e}r{\^e}t est de 39,0% {\`a} 1 mois et de 56,6% {\`a} 3 mois (en censurant sur la date de derni{\`e}re visite, ces proportions sont respectivement de 50,7% et 74,6%). {P}armi les 100 {TS} qui n'ont pas initi{\'e} la {P}r{EP} malgr{\'e} un int{\'e}r{\^e}t exprim{\'e}, 68 n'ont jamais {\'e}t{\'e} revues dans le projet ; parmi les 32 {TS} qui sont revenues {\`a} au moins une deuxi{\`e}me visite suivant leur int{\'e}r{\^e}t pour la {P}r{EP}, 4 ont d{\'e}clar{\'e} ne plus {\^e}tre int{\'e}ress{\'e}es par la {P}r{EP} (d{\'e}lai m{\'e}dian depuis l'int{\'e}r{\^e}t : 12 semaines [10-19]), 1 a {\'e}t{\'e} d{\'e}pist{\'e}e {VIH}+ (d{\'e}lai de 2 semaines) et 27 sont revenues plus d'un mois apr{\`e}s (leur bilan biologique n'{\'e}tait plus valable). {C}onclusion : {M}algr{\'e} un fort int{\'e}r{\^e}t exprim{\'e} pour la {P}r{EP}, son initiation reste sous-optimale parmi les {TS} de {PRINCESSE}. {L}es premi{\`e}res analyses exploratoires et discussions avec les {\'e}quipes terrain sugg{\`e}rent plusieurs obstacles (mobilit{\'e} des {TS}, int{\'e}r{\^e}t mal per{\c{c}}u pour la {P}r{EP}, lourdeur du suivi, fid{\'e}lit{\'e} des sorties de la clinique mobile), et confirment la n{\'e}cessit{\'e} de trouver des solutions adapt{\'e}es pour rendre la {P}r{EP} effective chez les {TS}.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086646}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010086647, title = {{D}elays to {P}r{EP} initiation among female sex workers in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire ({ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} project) [poster]}, author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {B}ecquet, {V}. and {A}goua, {A}. and {Z}ebago, {C}. and {D}ao, {H}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {E}holie, {S}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {T}o describe the delays to initiation of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) among female sex workers ({FSW}) in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}ethods : {T}he {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} project is a single-arm interventional cohort aiming to evaluate the implementation of a comprehensive and community-based care offer among {FSW} aged sup. or eg.18 years in the {S}an {P}edro region since end-2019, through a mobile clinic operating on 10 prostitution sites (visited every two weeks). {P}r{EP} is offered to all {HIV}-positive {FSW} after verifying the creatinine level (results valid for one month). {W}e described the time between {FSW}'s interest for {P}r{EP} and {P}r{EP} initiation (or end of follow-up) among {HIV}- and hepatitis {B} virus-negative ({HB}s{A}g-) {FSW} included until end-{O}ctober 2021. {T}he probability of {P}r{EP} initiation since {P}r{EP} interest is described through a {K}aplan-{M}eier curve censored on end-{N}ovember 2021 (an analysis censored at the date of the last visit was also conducted). {R}esults : {O}f the 362 {FSW} included in the {PRINCESSE} cohort, 302 were {HIV}-/{A}g{HB}s-, and for 296 of them, {P}r{EP} was presented by medical staff (95.2% at inclusion). {I}n total, 292 {FSW} expressed {P}r{EP} interest, and 192 (65.8%) initiated {P}r{EP}: 18 on the same day (the biological test having been performed during a previous visit), 148 during the next visit (median time since interest: 3 weeks [{I}nter-{Q}uartile {R}ange: 2-6]) and 26 during a subsequent visit (median time: 20 weeks [9-36]). {T}he probability of {P}r{EP} initiation after {P}r{EP} interest was 39.0% at 1 month and 56.6% at 3 months (censoring on the date of the last visit, these proportions were 50.7% and 74.6%, respectively). {A}mong the 100 {FSW} who did not initiate {P}r{EP} despite expressing interest, 68 were never seen again in the project; 4 declared that they were no longer interested in {P}r{EP} (median time since interest: 12 weeks [10-19]), 1 was tested {HIV}+ (delay of 2 weeks), and 27 were seen >1 month later (their biological tests were no longer valid). {C}onclusions : {D}espite strong {P}r{EP} interest among {FSW}, {P}r{EP} initiation remained suboptimal. {B}arriers to {P}r{EP} initiation should be more explored and considered to find appropriate solutions to make {P}r{EP} effective among this specific key population.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086647}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087005, title = {{I}dentifying population-specific {HIV} diagnosis gaps in {W}estern {A}frica and assessing their impact on new infections : a modelling analysis for {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal [poster]}, author = {{S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {S}oni, {N}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {V}autier, {A}. and {D}oumenc-{A}{\¨ie}dara, {C}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {N}'{G}uessan, {K}.{N}. and {M}ukandavire, {C}. and {V}ickerman, {P}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {N}dour, {C}.{T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {P}rogress towards {HIV} elimination in {W}estern {A}frica may be hindered by diagnosis gaps among people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}), especially among key populations ({KP}) such as female sex workers ({FSW}), their clients, and men who have sex with men ({MSM}). {W}e aimed to identify largest gaps in diagnosis by risk group in {M}ali, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, and {S}enegal, and project their contribution to new {HIV} infections. {METHODS} : {D}eterministic models of {HIV} transmission/diagnosis/treatment that incorporate {HIV} transmission among {KP} were parameterized following comprehensive country-specific reviews of demographic, behavioural, {HIV} and intervention data. {T}he model was calibrated to country- and group-specific empirical outcomes such as {HIV} incidence/prevalence, the fractions of {PLHIV} ever tested, diagnosed, and on treatment. {W}e estimated the distribution of undiagnosed {PLHIV} by risk group in 2020 and the population-attributable-fractions (t{PAF}s) (i.e. fraction of new primary and secondary {HIV} infections 2020-2029 originating from risk groups of undiagnosed {PLHIV}). {R}esults : {F}rom 46% (95% {UI}: 38-58) to 69% (59-79) of undiagnosed {PLHIV} in 2020 were males, with the lowest proportion in {M}ali and the highest proportion in {S}enegal, where 41% (28-59) of undiagnosed {PLHIV} were {MSM}. {U}ndiagnosed men are estimated to contribute most new {HIV} infections occurring over 2020-2029 ({T}able). {U}ndiagnosed {FSW} and their clients contribute substantial proportions of new {HIV} infections in {M}ali, with t{PAF}=20% (10-36) and t{PAF}=43% (26-56), respectively, while undiagnosed {MSM} in {S}enegal are estimated to contribute half of new infections. {A} lower proportion of new {HIV} infections are transmitted by undiagnosed {KP} in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire (t{PAF}=21%(10-38)). {C}onclusions : {C}urrent {HIV} testing services and approaches are leaving members of {KP} behind. {I}ncreasing the availability of confidential {HIV} testing modalities in addition to traditional tests may substantially reduce gaps in {HIV} diagnosis and accelerate the decrease of new {HIV} infections in {W}estern {A}frica since half of them could be transmitted by undiagnosed {KP}.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087005}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087006, title = {{E}stimating the impact of {HIV} self-testing on {HIV} testing services, diagnoses, and treatment initiation at the population-level with routine data : the example of the {ATLAS} program in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire [poster]}, author = {{S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {J}ohnson, {C}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {K}ouam{\'e}, {K}.{B}. and {D}iop, {P}.{M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {D}oumenc-{A}{\¨ie}dara, {C}. and {B}aggaley, {R}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) is a critical testing approach particularly for reaching those at {HIV} risk who are hesitant or unable to access existing services. {W}hile the discreet and flexible nature of {HIVST} is appealing to users, these features can limit the ability for programmes to monitor and estimate the population-level impacts of {HIVST} implementation. {T}his study triangulates publicly available routine programme data from {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire in order estimate the effects of {HIVST} distribution on access to testing, conventional testing (self-testing excluded), {HIV} diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) initiations. {M}ethods : {W}e used quarterly programmatic data ({Q}3-2019 to {Q}1-2021) from {ATLAS}, a project that aims to promote and implement network-based {HIVST} distribution in {W}est {A}frica, in addition to routine {HIV} testing services program data obtained from the {PEPFAR} dashboard. {W}e performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed-models. {R}esults : {B}etween {Q}3-2019 and {Q}1-2021, 99,353 {HIVST} kits were distributed by {ATLAS} in 78 health districts included in the analysis. {T}he results ({T}able 1) show a negative but non-significant effect of the number of {ATLAS} {HIVST} on the volume of conventional tests (-190), suggesting the possibility of a slight substitution effect. {D}espite this, the the beneficial effect on access to testing is significant: for each 1000 {HIVST} distributed via {ATLAS}, 390 to 590 additional {HIV} tests were performed if 60% to 80% of {HIVST} are used . {T}he effect of {HIVST} on {HIV} diagnosis was significant and positive, with 8 additional diagnoses per 1,000 {HIVST} distributed. {N}o effect of {HIVST} was observed on {ART} initiations. {C}onclusions : {O}ur study provides a standard methodology for estimating the population-level impact of {HIVST} that can be used across countries. {I}t shows that {HIVST} distribution was associated with increased access to {HIV} testing and diagnosis in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {W}ide-scale adoption of this method will improve {HIVST} data quality and inform evidence-based programming.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087006}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087007, title = {{C}oûts unitaires de l'autod{\'e}pistage et du d{\'e}pistage classique du {VIH} dans les centres de sant{\'e} publics et communautaires en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, au {M}ali et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal [poster]}, author = {{T}raore, {M}.{M}. and {B}adiane, {K}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {K}abemba, {O}.{K}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {D}'{E}lb{\'e}e, {M}. and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {L}'atteinte des 'trois 95' de l'{ONUSIDA} a induit l'adoption de strat{\'e}gies de d{\'e}pistage {VIH} innovantes en {A}frique de l'{O}uest. {L}e projet {ATLAS} d{\'e}ploie l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}) en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire ({CI}), au {M}ali ({ML}) et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal ({SN}) en strat{\'e}gie avanc{\'e}e et fixe ({F}igure 1). {L}es strat{\'e}gies fixes sont mises en oeuvre dans (i) des structures de sant{\'e} fixes pour le d{\'e}pistage des partenaires de personnes vivant avec le {VIH} ({I}ndex), et pour celui des patients ayant une {I}nfection {S}exuellement {T}ransmissible ({IST}) et leurs partenaires, et (ii) dans des cliniques communautaires {\`a} destination des hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes ({HSH}), des travailleuses du sexe ({TS}) et des personnes usag{\`e}res de drogues ({UD}). {C}ette {\'e}tude a pour objectif d'estimer les coûts unitaires des strat{\'e}gies fixes {ADVIH} et celui des tests de diagnostic rapide ({TDR}). {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes : {L}'{\'e}valuation des coûts de dispensation des {ADVIH} a port{\'e} sur 37 ({CI}=16 ; {ML}=11 ; {SN}=10) centres de sant{\'e} publics et communautaires entre 2019 et 2021 suivant la perspective du fournisseur. {N}ous avons combin{\'e} une analyse de rapports financiers avec celle d'une collecte de coûts dans les centres compl{\'e}t{\'e}s par des observations de sessions de dispensation {ADVIH} et de d{\'e}pistage {VIH}, en excluant les coûts centraux. {R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 16001 kits d'{ADVIH} ({CI}=9306 ; {ML}=3973 ; {SN}=2722) ont {\'e}t{\'e} dispens{\'e}s pour 32194 {TDR} r{\'e}alis{\'e}s ({CI}=8213; {ML}=3612; {SN}=20369). {L}es coûts unitaires moyens de l'{ADVIH} {\'e}taient compris entre 4 et 8 pour la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire et le {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal ({T}ableau 1). {C}es coûts {\'e}taient plus {\'e}lev{\'e}s au {M}ali, entre 7 et 26, li{\'e}s {\`a} des coûts de personnels {\'e}lev{\'e}s (management/administration et agents dispensateurs {HSH}), ainsi que de faibles volumes de kits {ADVIH} dispens{\'e}s pour certains canaux. {E}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal, les coûts moyens du d{\'e}pistage avec {TDR} ont {\'e}t{\'e} estim{\'e}s dans l'ensemble des canaux {\`a} environ 4$ par personne test{\'e}e (coûts non estim{\'e}s au {M}ali). {C}onclusion : {D}ans les trois pays, les coûts moyens d'introduction des {ADVIH} en strat{\'e}gies fixes {\`a} faible volume {\'e}taient l{\'e}g{\`e}rement plus {\'e}lev{\'e}s que ceux des {TDR}. {L}'{ADVIH} peut diversifier l'offre de service de d{\'e}pistage au niveau des structures fixes, am{\'e}liorant ainsi l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage des populations cibles non-atteintes par les services {TDR}.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087007}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087008, title = {{L}'introduction de l'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} dans les consultations des {I}nfections {S}exuellement {T}ransmissibles ({IST}) peut-elle am{\'e}liorer l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage des patients {IST} et leurs partenaires ? : une {\'e}tude qualitative exploratoire du projet {ATLAS} {\`a} {A}bidjan/{C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire [poster]}, author = {{B}oye, {S}. and {K}ouadio, {A}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {R}ouveau, {A}lexis and {K}ouvahe, {A}.{F}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {L}e {G}roupe {A}tlas}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {D}ans le cadre de son projet d'introduction de l'auto d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}), le programme {ATLAS} a initi{\'e} une {\'e}tude pour documenter les modalit{\'e}s de dispensation des kits d'{ADVIH} aux patient.e.s pr{\'e}sentant une {I}nfection {S}exuellement {T}ransmissible ({IST}) et leurs partenaires {\`a} {A}bidjan/{C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes : {U}ne enqu{\^e}te qualitative a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e entre mars et août 2021 dans trois services dispensant des {ADVIH} aupr{\`e}s des patient.e.s {IST}: (1) consultation pr{\'e}natale ({CPN}) ; (2) consultation g{\'e}n{\'e}rale incluant {IST} et (3) dispensaire {IST} d{\'e}di{\'e}. {L}es donn{\'e}es ont {\'e}t{\'e} collect{\'e}es par (i) des observations de consultations m{\'e}dicales de patient·e·s {IST} ({N}=98) et (ii) des entretiens aupr{\`e}s de soignants impliqu{\'e}s dans la dispensation des kits d'{ADVIH} ({N}=18), de patient.e.s ayant re{\c{c}}u des kits {ADVIH} {\`a} proposer {\`a} leurs partenaires ({N}=21) et de partenaires de patientes {IST} ayant r{\'e}alis{\'e} l'{ADVIH} ({N}=2). {R}{\'e}sultats : {L}es trois services pr{\'e}sentent des diff{\'e}rences d'organisation du circuit du patient et des modalit{\'e}s de dispensation des kits d'{ADVIH}. {E}n {CPN}, le d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} est propos{\'e} syst{\'e}matiquement {\`a} toute femme enceinte lors de la premi{\`e}re consultation. {L}orsqu'une {IST} est diagnostiqu{\'e}e, un {ADVIH} est propos{\'e} presque syst{\'e}matiquement pour le partenaire ({N}=27/29). {E}n consultation g{\'e}n{\'e}rale, il y a eu peu de propositions de d{\'e}pistage et d'{ADVIH} aux patient.e.s {IST} et pour leurs partenaires ({N}=3/16). {M}algr{\'e} l'existence d'une d{\'e}l{\'e}gation des tâches du d{\'e}pistage et l'offre d'{ADVIH}, il n'y a pas de routinisation du d{\'e}pistage dans ce service. {A}u dispensaire {IST}, le circuit du patient est mieux d{\'e}fini : diffusion de la vid{\'e}o {ADVIH} en salle d'attente, consultation des patient.e.s et r{\'e}f{\'e}rencement aux infirmi{\`e}res pour le d{\'e}pistage avec proposition fr{\'e}quente de kits d'{ADVIH} aux patient.e.s {IST} pour leurs partenaires ({N}=28/53). {D}e mani{\`e}re g{\'e}n{\'e}rale, l'{ADVIH} est accept{\'e} lorsqu'il est propos{\'e}. {M}ais, la proposition de l'{ADVIH} aux partenaires n'est pas toujours facile, surtout pour les femmes : difficult{\'e}s {\`a} aborder la question du {VIH} avec le conjoint, relation de couple 'fragile'. {L}es soignants en g{\'e}n{\'e}ral ont une perception positive des {ADVIH}, mais, ils soulignent le caract{\`e}re chronophage de la dispensation des {ADVIH} et souhaitent une meilleure organisation : d{\'e}l{\'e}gation des tâches ({CPN}). {C}onclusion : {L}'organisation des consultations est d{\'e}terminante : les contraintes structurelles (organisation du service, d{\'e}l{\'e}gation des tâches) influent sur la proposition d'un d{\'e}pistage {VIH} et l'{ADVIH} ne suffit pas {\`a} les lever. {L}a proposition par les soignants d'un {ADVIH} pour les partenaires n{\'e}cessite du temps et un accompagnement des patients.e.s. {L}a proposition est plus syst{\'e}matique quand le d{\'e}pistage est 'routinis{\'e}' et concerne tous les patient.e.s. {Q}uand l'{ADVIH} est propos{\'e}, il est en g{\'e}n{\'e}ral accept{\'e}. {S}i l'{ADVIH} constitue une opportunit{\'e} d'am{\'e}liorer l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage des patient.e.s et de leurs partenaires, une int{\'e}gration r{\'e}ussie implique d'am{\'e}liorer l'organisation des services et de promouvoir la d{\'e}l{\'e}gation des tâches.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087008}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087009, title = {{I}mproving our understanding of how structural determinants impact {HIV} epidemics : a scoping review of dynamic models to guide future research [poster]}, author = {{S}tannah, {J}. and {A}nato, {J}.{L}.{F}. and {M}itchell, {K}.{M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground : {D}ynamic models of {HIV} transmission have proven valuable tools for informing {HIV} prevention strategies. {I}ncluding structural determinants in models is crucial to estimate their population-level impacts on {HIV} transmission and inform efforts towards {HIV} elimination. {H}owever, this is challenging due to a lack of coherent conceptual frameworks, limited understanding of their specific causal pathways, and few empirical estimates of their impacts on downstream mediators. {M}ethods : {W}ith the overarching aim to improve models, we conducted a scoping review of studies that used dynamic {HIV} transmission models to evaluate the impact of structural determinants. {F}rom included studies, we extracted information on the types of structural determinants and methods used to model their impacts on {HIV} transmission. {W}e appraised studies on how they conceptualized structural exposures and represented their causal relationships over time within models. {R}esults : {W}e identified 9 dynamic transmission modelling studies that incorporated structural determinants of {HIV}, including violence ({N}=3), incarceration ({N}=2), stigma ({N}=2), housing instability ({N}=2), migration ({N}=1), and education ({N}=1). {O}nly one study modelled multiple determinants simultaneously. {I}n most models, structural determinants were conceptualized using current, recent, non-recent and/or lifetime exposure categories. {M}odelled structural determinants largely impacted {HIV} transmission through mediated effects on one or more proximate risk factors, including sharing injection equipment, condom use, number of partners, and access to treatment. {H}owever, causal pathways were simplistic, with few mediators and/or lack of clear empirical justification. {T}o measure impact, most studies simply assumed the elimination of structural determinants in counterfactual comparison scenarios. {F}ew models included long-term and/or delayed effects of past, recurrent, or acute exposure, potentially overestimating impacts of determinants. {C}onclusions : {D}espite the importance of structural determinants for {HIV} prevention, methods for including them in dynamic {HIV} transmission models remain insufficient. {F}ew studies have attempted to incorporate structural determinants in {HIV} models, and methods vary considerably. {T}o improve inferences, models should adopt precise exposure definitions, deconstruct and estimate their complex causal pathways, and translate them into their mechanistic components. {T}he need for development of coherent frameworks to conceptualize the synergistic interplay between strengthened empirical data analysis and the inclusion of structural determinants in dynamic models is pressing.}, keywords = {{MONDE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087009}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087011, title = {{D}{\'e}fis de la prise en charge des condylomes acumin{\'e}s en strat{\'e}gie avanc{\'e}e dans une cohorte de travailleuses du sexe en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : le{\c{c}}ons apprises dans la cohorte {ANRS} 12381 {P}rincesse [poster]}, author = {{Z}onhoulou, {D}. and {A}goua, {A}. and {Z}ebago, {C}. and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {C}offie, {P}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {B}ecquet, {V}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {L}es condylomes acumin{\'e}s r{\'e}sultent d'une infection du papillomavirus humain et peuvent {\'e}voluer vers des formes graves comme des cancers. {D}u fait de leurs pratiques, les travailleuses du sexe ({TS}) y sont particuli{\`e}rement expos{\'e}es. {N}ous d{\'e}crivons ici les d{\'e}fis d'une prise en charge des condylomes en strat{\'e}gie avanc{\'e}e. {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes : {L}e projet {P}rincesse est une cohorte interventionnelle avec une offre de soins {\'e}largies en sant{\'e} sexuelle, incluant un d{\'e}pistage et une prise en charge des infections sexuellement transmissibles ({IST}), pour des {TS} de ? 18 ans dans la r{\'e}gion de {S}an {P}edro, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {U}n suivi trimestriel est propos{\'e}, disponible {\`a} la fois sur sites prostitutionnels via une clinique mobile et {\`a} la clinique fixe d'{A}prosam {\`a} {S}an {P}edro. {R}{\'e}sultats : {S}ur 381 {TS} suivies entre 11/2019 et 11/2020, 11 pr{\'e}sentaient des condylomes {\`a} l'inclusion ou lors d'une visite de suivi. {D}ix pr{\'e}sentaient des condylomes tr{\`e}s d{\'e}velopp{\'e}s (multiples, volumineux, k{\'e}ratosiques). {T}outes pr{\'e}sentaient des condylomes au niveau pubien et vaginal. {D}eux {TS} pr{\'e}sentaient en plus des condylomes anaux. {L}'âge des patientes variait entre 19 et 42 ans. {L}'anciennet{\'e} dans le travail du sexe {\'e}tait variable (entre 1 et 17 ans), mais la majorit{\'e} (10) travaillait dans des maisons closes, signe d'un nombre {\'e}lev{\'e} de clients. {U}ne participante a {\'e}t{\'e} vue en clinique fixe. {E}lle a b{\'e}n{\'e}fici{\'e} d'un traitement local {\`a} base de podophyllotoxine pour {\'e}viter de multiples cicatrices, suivi d'une cryoth{\'e}rapie. {L}es dix autres cas ont {\'e}t{\'e} diagnostiqu{\'e}s en clinique mobile qui, pour des raisons logistiques, ne dispose pas d'un appareil de cryoth{\'e}rapie. {L}es participantes vues en cliniques mobiles ont {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}f{\'e}r{\'e}es vers la clinique fixe pour une prise en charge ad{\'e}quate. À ce jour, aucune ne s'y est encore pr{\'e}sent{\'e}e, malgr{\'e} des relances et le constat d'une extension du nombre de condylomes lors de visites de suivi. {L}a clinique mobile disposant d'un appareil portatif de thermoablation pour la prise en charge des dysplasies du col (un d{\'e}pistage annuel {\'e}tant inclus), une thermoablation des condylomes a {\'e}t{\'e} essay{\'e}e chez 6 {TS} pour lesquelles les condylomes {\'e}taient de bonne taille. {E}n effet, si les condylomes sont plus petits que la sonde d'ablation, il y a un risque d'abimer des tissus sains. {A}ucun effet n'a {\'e}t{\'e} constat{\'e} imm{\'e}diatement apr{\`e}s la pose de la sonde, ni au cours des visites de suivi. {U}ne {TS} s'est plainte de douleurs et de brûlures persistantes au bout de deux semaines. {C}onclusion : {L}es {TS} sont expos{\'e}es aux condylomes ano-g{\'e}nitaux et le diagnostic survient {\`a} un stade avanc{\'e}. {C}'est une population difficile {\`a} engager dans les soins et le r{\'e}f{\'e}rencement vers une clinique fixe ne fonctionne pas. {U}ne solution de prise en charge sur site est donc essentielle. {L}es appareils de cryoth{\'e}rapie sont peu adapt{\'e}s pour un camion mobile. {L}a thermoablation ne fonctionne pas sur les condylomes. {L}'arriv{\'e}e d'appareil portatif d'{\'e}lectrocoagulation pourrait {\^e}tre une solution. {E}lle sera test{\'e}e en 2022 dans {P}rincesse.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087011}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010087010, title = {{A}tteindre les populations cl{\'e}s et p{\'e}riph{\'e}riques : une enqu{\^e}te t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique aupr{\`e}s des utilisateurs d'autotests de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {A}frique de l'{O}uest [poster]}, author = {{K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne {K}ra and {S}imo {F}osto, {A}. and {N}'{G}uessan, {K}.{N}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {Y}ounoussa, {S}. and {K}anku {K}amemba, {O}. and {D}ieng, {B}. and {D}am {N}deye, {P}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}.{C}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {D}'{E}lb{\'e}e, {M}. and {V}authier, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}tlas {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectifs : {E}n {A}frique de l'{O}uest, les strat{\'e}gies communautaires ciblant les populations cl{\'e}s ({PC}) telles que les travailleuses du sexe ({TS}) et les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes ({HSH}) ont consid{\'e}rablement am{\'e}lior{\'e} leur acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}. {C}ependant, il demeure difficile d'atteindre une partie de ces populations ({TS} occasionnelles, {HSH} 'cach{\'e}s') et leurs r{\'e}seaux (pairs, partenaires sexuels, clients). {L}es kits d'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}) peuvent {\^e}tre distribu{\'e}s aux {PC} pour leur usage personnel mais {\'e}galement pour une distribution secondaire {\`a} leurs pairs, partenaires et proches. {D}epuis 2019, le programme {ATLAS} met en oeuvre une telle strat{\'e}gie en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, au {M}ali et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal, notamment aupr{\`e}s des {TS} et des {HSH}. {M}at{\'e}riels et {M}{\'e}thodes : {A}fin de pr{\'e}server la confidentialit{\'e} et l'anonymat que procure l'{ADVIH} tout en documentant le profil des utilisateurs, une enqu{\^e}te t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e. {E}ntre mars et juin 2021, des d{\'e}pliants ont {\'e}t{\'e} distribu{\'e}s avec les kits d'{ADVIH}, invitant les utilisateurs {\`a} appeler un num{\'e}ro de t{\'e}l{\'e}phone de mani{\`e}re anonyme et gratuite (avec une incitation de 2000 {CFA} de cr{\'e}dit t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique). {C}haque d{\'e}pliant comportait un num{\'e}ro de participation unique permettant d'identifier anonymement le canal de distribution. {R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 1305 participants ont {\'e}t{\'e} recrut{\'e}s dans le canal de distribution {TS} et 1100 dans celui {HSH} dans les trois pays, sur un total de 44 598 kits d'{ADVIH} distribu{\'e}s (taux de participation : 5,4%). 69% ont re{\c{c}}u leur kit d'un pair-{\'e}ducateur ou d'un agent de sant{\'e}, et 31% l'ont re{\c{c}}u d'un ami (17%), partenaire sexuel (7%), parent (6%) ou coll{\`e}gue (1%). {P}our les {ADVIH} distribu{\'e}s via les {TS}, 48% des participants {\'e}taient des hommes, et pour ceux via les {HSH}, 9% {\'e}taient des femmes. {C}eci montre la capacit{\'e} de l'{ADVIH} {\`a} atteindre les partenaires sexuels des {PC} et les clients des {TS}. {S}euls 50% des participants masculins du canal de distribution {HSH} ont d{\'e}clar{\'e} {\`a} l'enqu{\^e}teur avoir d{\'e}j{\`a} eu des rapports sexuels avec un homme. {U}n tiers des participantes du canal de distribution {TS} et 45% des participants masculins du canal {HSH} {\'e}taient des primo-testeurs. {L}es proportions de ceux dont le dernier test {VIH} remontait {\`a} plus d'un an {\'e}taient respectivement de 24% et 14%. {C}es proportions sont plus {\'e}lev{\'e}es que celles observ{\'e}es dans des enqu{\^e}tes men{\'e}es aupr{\`e}s de {TS} et de {HSH} dans les m{\^e}mes pays. {U}ne enqu{\^e}te compl{\'e}mentaire (rappels t{\'e}l{\'e}phoniques) a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}e aupr{\`e}s de celles et ceux ayant rapport{\'e} un test r{\'e}actif afin de documenter le lien vers la confirmation et les soins. {L}es r{\'e}sultats de ces rappels seront disponibles d{\'e}but 2022. {C}onclusion : {L}'{ADVIH} est une offre compl{\'e}mentaire permettant d'augmenter l'acc{\`e}s au d{\'e}pistage des {PC} peu atteintes via les strat{\'e}gies conventionnelles. {L}a distribution secondaire des {ADVIH} est faisable et acceptable. {E}lle a le potentiel d'atteindre, au-del{\`a} des populations-cl{\'e}s elles-m{\^e}mes, d'autres populations p{\'e}riph{\'e}riques et vuln{\'e}rables au {VIH}.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, numero = {}, pages = {1 multigr.}, booktitle = {}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087010}, } @book{fdi:010087047, title = {{D}{\'e}fis de la distribution des autotests {VIH} pour le d{\'e}pistage des cas index lorsque le partage du statut {VIH} est faible : r{\'e}sultats pr{\'e}liminaires d'une {\'e}tude qualitative {\`a} {B}amako ({M}ali) dans le cadre du projet {ATLAS}}, author = {{B}oye, {S}. and {B}ouar{\'e}, {S}. and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}. and {D}'{E}lb{\'e}e, {M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {B}reton, {G}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {E}quipe {A}tlas}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{C}ontexte : {L}e taux de partage du statut {VIH} aux partenaires est faible au {M}ali, un pays d'{A}frique de l'{O}uest avec une pr{\'e}valence nationale du {VIH} de 1,2%. {L}'autod{\'e}pistage du {VIH} ({ADVIH}) pourrait augmenter la couverture du d{\'e}pistage chez les partenaires des personnes vivant avec le {VIH} ({PVVIH}). {L}e programme {A}uto{T}est-{VIH}, {L}ibre d'acc{\'e}der {\`a} la connaissance de son {S}tatut ({ATLAS}) a {\'e}t{\'e} lanc{\'e} en {A}frique de l'{O}uest avec l'objectif de distribuer pr{\`e}s d'un demi-million d'autotests {VIH} de 2019 {\`a} 2021 en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, au {M}ali et au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal. {L}e programme {ATLAS} int{\`e}gre plusieurs activit{\'e}s de recherche. {C}et article pr{\'e}sente les r{\'e}sultats pr{\'e}liminaires de l'{\'e}tude qualitative du programme {ATLAS} au {M}ali. {C}ette {\'e}tude vise {\`a} am{\'e}liorer notre compr{\'e}hension des pratiques, des limites et des enjeux li{\'e}s {\`a} la distribution des autotests {VIH} aux {PVVIH} afin qu'elles puissent proposer ces tests {\`a} leurs partenaires sexuels. {M}{\'e}thodes : {C}ette {\'e}tude qualitative a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}e en 2019 dans une clinique de prise en charge du {VIH} {\`a} {B}amako. {E}lle a consist{\'e} en (i) des entretiens individuels avec 8 professionnels de sant{\'e} impliqu{\'e}s dans la distribution des autotests {VIH} ; (ii) 591 observations de consultations m{\'e}dicales, y compris de consultations de services sociaux, avec des {PVVIH} ; (iii) 7 observations de discussions de groupe de {PVVIH} anim{\'e}es par des pairs {\'e}ducateurs, entretiens avec les professionnels de sant{\'e} et les notes d'observation ont fait l'objet d'une analyse de contenu. {R}{\'e}sultats : {L}'{ADVIH} a {\'e}t{\'e} abord{\'e} dans seulement 9% des consultations observ{\'e}es (51/591). {L}orsque l'{ADVIH} {\'e}tait abord{\'e}e, la discussion {\'e}tait presque toujours initi{\'e}e par le professionnel de sant{\'e} plut{\^o}t que par la {PVVIH}. {L}a discussion sur l'{ADVIH} {\'e}tait peu fr{\'e}quente car, dans la plupart des consultations, il n'{\'e}tait pas appropri{\'e} de proposer l'{ADVIH} au partenaire (par exemple, lorsque les {PVVIH} {\'e}taient veuves, n'avaient pas de partenaire ou avaient d{\'e}l{\'e}gu{\'e} quelqu'un pour renouveler leurs ordonnances). {C}ertaines {PVVIH} n'avaient pas r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e} leur statut {VIH} {\`a} leur partenaire. {L}a distribution de l'{ADVIH} prenait beaucoup de temps, et les consultations m{\'e}dicales {\'e}taient tr{\`e}s courtes. {T}rois principaux obstacles {\`a} la distribution d'{ADVIH} lorsque le statut {VIH} n'avait pas {\'e}t{\'e} divulgu{\'e} aux partenaires ont {\'e}t{\'e} identifi{\'e}s : (1) la quasi-totalit{\'e} des professionnels de sant{\'e} {\'e}vitaient de proposer l'{ADVIH} aux {PVVIH} lorsqu'ils pensaient ou savaient que les {PVVIH} n'avaient pas r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e} leur statut {VIH} {\`a} leurs partenaires ; (2) les {PVVIH} {\'e}taient r{\'e}ticentes {\`a} proposer l'{ADVIH} {\`a} leurs partenaires s'ils ne leur avaient pas r{\'e}v{\'e}l{\'e} leur s{\'e}ropositivit{\'e} ; (3) l'utilisation des strat{\'e}gies de soutien {\`a} la divulgation du statut {VIH} {\'e}tait limit{\'e}e. {C}onclusion : {I}l est essentiel de renforcer les strat{\'e}gies de soutien {\`a} la r{\'e}v{\'e}lation du statut {VIH}+. {I}l est n{\'e}cessaire de d{\'e}velopper une approche sp{\'e}cifique pour la mise {\`a} disposition des autotests {VIH} pour les partenaires des {PVVIH} en repensant l'implication des acteurs. {C}ette approche doit leur permettre de b{\'e}n{\'e}ficier d'une formation adapt{\'e}e aux probl{\'e}matiques li{\'e}es {\`a} la (non)divulgation du statut {VIH} et aux in{\'e}galit{\'e}s de genre, et d'am{\'e}liorer le conseil aux {PVVIH}.}, keywords = {{MALI} ; {BAMAKO}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{CEPED}}, series = {{W}orking {P}apers du {CEPED}}, pages = {18 multigr.}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.5281/zenodo.6861911}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087047}, } @phdthesis{fdi:010087002, title = {{D}{\'e}crire les {\'e}pid{\'e}mies, comprendre les populations : une d{\'e}mographie du {VIH} en {A}frique subsaharienne}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SENEGAL} ; {DAKAR} ; {THIES} ; {SAINT} {LOUIS} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {MBOUR}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{U}niversit{\'e} {P}aris {C}it{\'e}}, pages = {549 multigr.}, year = {2022}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087002}, } @article{fdi:010083784, title = {{A} community-based healthcare package combining testing and prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}), immediate {HIV} treatment, management of hepatitis {B} virus, and sexual and reproductive health ({SRH}), targeting female sex workers ({FSW}s) in {C}ote d'{I}voire : the {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} project}, author = {{B}ecquet, {V}alentine and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {A}goua, {A}. and {Z}ebago, {C}. and {D}ao, {H}. and {M}ontoyo, {A}. and {J}ary, {A}. and {C}offie, {P}. {A}. and {E}holie, {S}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ANRS} {PRINCESSE} {T}eam,}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {P}re-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) is recommended by the {WHO} for {HIV} prevention among female sex workers ({FSW}s). {A} study conducted in 2016-2017 in {C}ote d'{I}voire showed that if {P}r{EP} is acceptable, {FSW}s also have many uncovered sexual health needs. {B}ased on this evidence, the {ANRS} 12381 {PRINCESSE} project was developed in collaboration with a community-based organization. {T}he main objective is to develop, document, and analyze a comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare package among {FSW}s in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {M}ethods: {PRINCESSE} is an open, single-arm interventional cohort of 500 {FSW}s in {S}an {P}edro ({C}ote d'{I}voire) and its surroundings. {R}ecruitment started on {N}ovember 26th, 2019 and is ongoing; the cohort is planned to last at least 30 months. {T}he healthcare package (including {HIV}, hepatitis {B}, and sexually transmitted infection management, pregnancy screening, and contraception) is available both at mobile clinics organized for a quarterly follow-up (10 intervention sites, each site being visited every two weeks) and at a fixed clinic. {F}our waves of data collection were implemented: (i) clinical and safety data; (ii) socio-behavioral questionnaires; (iii) biological data; and (iv) in-depth interviews with female participants. {F}our additional waves of data collection are scheduled outside the cohort itself: (i) the medical and activity records of {A}prosam for the {PRINCESSE} participants; (ii) the medical records of {HIV}+ {FSW} patients not participating in the {PRINCESSE} cohort, and routinely examined by {A}prosam; (iii) in-depth interviews with key informants in the {FSW} community; and (iv) in-depth interviews with {PRINCESSE} follow-up actors. {D}iscussion: {T}he {PRINCESSE} project is one of the first interventions offering {HIV} oral {P}r{EP} as part of a more global sexual healthcare package targeting both {HIV}- and {HIV}+ women. {S}econd, {STI}s and viral hepatitis {B} care were offered to all participants, regardless of their willingness to use {P}r{EP}. {A}nother innovation is the implementation of mobile clinics for chronic/quarterly care. {I}n terms of research, {PRINCESSE} is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary project combining clinical, biological, epidemiological, and social specific objectives and outcomes to document the operational challenges of a multidisease program in real-life conditions.}, keywords = {{HIV} prevention ; {S}exual and reproductive health ; {S}exually transmitted ; infections ({STI}s) ; hepatitis {B} ; {P}re-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) ; {S}ex work ; {M}ixed-methods research ; {M}obile clinics ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMC} {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {21}, numero = {1}, pages = {2214 [14 p.]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1186/s12889-021-12235-0}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083784}, } @article{fdi:010083335, title = {{E}nthusiasm for introducing and integrating {HIV} self-testing but doubts about users : a baseline qualitative analysis of key stakeholders' attitudes and perceptions in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal}, author = {{K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {K}ouadio, {A}. {B}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {V}autier, {A}. and {S}ow, {S}. and {C}amara, {S}. {C}. and {B}oye, {S}okhna and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {S}idibe, {Y}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ATLAS} {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{S}ince 2019, the {ATLAS} project, coordinated by {S}olthis in collaboration with national {AIDS} programs, has introduced, promoted and delivered {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal. {S}everal delivery channels have been defined, including key populations: men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who use injectable drugs. {A}t project initiation, a qualitative study analyzing the perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders regarding the introduction of {HIVST} in their countries and its integration with other testing strategies for key populations was conducted. {T}he study was conducted from {S}eptember to {N}ovember 2019 within 3 months of the initiation of {HIVST} distribution. {I}ndividual interviews were conducted with 60 key informants involved in the project or in providing support and care to key populations: members of health ministries, national {AIDS} councils, international organizations, national and international non-governmental organizations, and peer educators. {S}emi structured interviews were recorded, translated when necessary, and transcribed. {D}ata were coded using {D}edoose (c) software for thematic analyses. {W}e found that stakeholders' perceptions and attitudes are favorable to the introduction and integration of {HIVST} for several reasons. {S}ome of these reasons are held in common, and some are specific to each key population and country. {O}verall, {HIVST} is considered able to reduce stigma; preserve anonymity and confidentiality; reach key populations that do not access testing via the usual strategies; remove spatial barriers; save time for users and providers; and empower users with autonomy and responsibility. {I}t is non-invasive and easy to use. {H}owever, participants also fear, question and doubt users' autonomy regarding their ability to use {HIVST} kits correctly; to ensure quality secondary distribution; to accept a reactive test result; and to use confirmation testing and care services. {F}or stakeholders, {HIVST} is considered an attractive strategy to improve access to {HIV} testing for key populations. {T}heir doubts about users' capacities could be a matter for reflective communication with stakeholders and local adaptation before the implementation of {HIVST} in new countries. {T}hose perceptions may reflect the {W}est {A}frican {HIV} situation through the emphasis they place on the roles of {HIV} stigma and disclosure in {HIVST} efficiency.}, keywords = {{HIV} self-testing ; key population ; perceptions ; stakeholders ; {W}est {A}frica ; {ATLAS} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {9}, numero = {}, pages = {653481 [14 ]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.653481}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083335}, } @article{fdi:010082695, title = {{R}eproducible summary tables with the gtsummary package}, author = {{S}joberg, {D}. {D}. and {W}hiting, {K}. and {C}urry, {M}. and {L}avery, {J}. {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he gtsummary package provides an elegant and flexible way to create publication-ready summary tables in {R}. {A} critical part of the work of statisticians, data scientists, and analysts is summarizing data sets and regression models in {R} and publishing or sharing polished summary tables. {T}he gtsummary package was created to streamline these everyday analysis tasks by allowing users to easily create reproducible summaries of data sets, regression models, survey data, and survival data with a simple interface and very little code. {T}he package follows a tidy framework, making it easy to integrate with standard data workflows, and offers many table customization features through function arguments, helper functions, and custom themes.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R} {J}ournal}, volume = {13}, numero = {1}, pages = {570--594}, ISSN = {2073-4859}, year = {2021}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082695}, } @article{fdi:010082638, title = {{I}ntroducing and implementing {HIV} self-testing in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal : what can we learn from {ATLAS} project activity reports in the context of the {COVID}-19 crisis ?}, author = {{K}ra, {A}. {K}. and {C}olin, {G}. and {D}iop, {P}. {M}. and {F}otso, {A}. {S}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {H}erve, {K}. {K}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {D}iallo, {B}. and {K}abemba, {O}. {K}. and {D}ieng, {B}. and {D}iallo, {S}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ATLAS} {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he {ATLAS} program promotes and implements {HIVST} in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal. {P}riority groups include members of key populations-female sex workers ({FSW}), men having sex with men ({MSM}), and people who use drugs ({PWUD})-and their partners and relatives. {HIVST} distribution activities, which began in mid-2019, were impacted in early 2020 by the {COVID}-19 pandemic. {M}ethods: {T}his article, focusing only on outreach activities among key populations, analyzes quantitative, and qualitative program data collected during implementation to examine temporal trends in {HIVST} distribution and their evolution in the context of the {COVID}-19 health crisis. {S}pecifically, we investigated the impact on, the adaptation of and the disruption of field activities. {R}esults: {I}n all three countries, the pre-{COVID}-19 period was marked by a gradual increase in {HIVST} distribution. {T}he period corresponding to the initial emergency response ({M}arch-{M}ay 2020) witnessed an important disruption of activities: a total suspension in {S}enegal, a significant decline in {C}ote d'{I}voire, and a less pronounced decrease in {M}ali. {S}econdary distribution was also negatively impacted. {P}eer educators showed resilience and adapted by relocating from public to private areas, reducing group sizes, moving night activities to the daytime, increasing the use of social networks, integrating hygiene measures, and promoting assisted {HIVST} as an alternative to conventional rapid testing. {F}rom {J}une 2020 onward, with the routine management of the {COVID}-19 pandemic, a catch-up phenomenon was observed with the resumption of activities in {S}enegal, the opening of new distribution sites, a rebound in the number of distributed {HIVST} kits, a resurgence in larger group activities, and a rebound in the average number of distributed {HIVST} kits per primary contact. {C}onclusions: {A}lthough imperfect, the program data provide useful information to describe changes in the implementation of {HIVST} outreach activities over time. {T}he impact of the {COVID}-19 pandemic on {HIVST} distribution among key populations was visible in the monthly activity reports. {F}ocus groups and individual interviews allowed us to document the adaptations made by peer educators, with variations across countries and populations. {T}hese adaptations demonstrate the resilience and learning capacities of peer educators and key populations.}, keywords = {{HIV} self-testing ; {COVID}-19 ; {W}est {A}frica ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {M}ali ; {S}enegal ; key populations ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI} ; {SENEGAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {9}, numero = {}, pages = {653565 [14 ]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.653565}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082638}, } @article{fdi:010082121, title = {{C}hallenges of {HIV} self-test distribution for index testing when {HIV} status disclosure is low : preliminary results of a qualitative study in {B}amako ({M}ali) as part of the {ATLAS} project}, author = {{B}oye, {S}okhna and {B}ouare, {S}. and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}rlette and {D}'{E}lbee, {M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {B}reton, {G}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {ATLAS} {T}eam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}ontext: {T}he rate of {HIV} status disclosure to partners is low in {M}ali, a {W}est {A}frican country with a national {HIV} prevalence of 1.2%. {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) could increase testing coverage among partners of people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}). {T}he {A}uto{T}est-{VIH}, {L}ibre d'acceder a la connaissance de son {S}tatut ({ATLAS}) program was launched in {W}est {A}frica with the objective of distributing nearly half a million {HIV} self-tests from 2019 to 2021 in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal. {T}he {ATLAS} program integrates several research activities. {T}his article presents the preliminary results of the qualitative study of the {ATLAS} program in {M}ali. {T}his study aims to improve our understanding of the practices, limitations and issues related to the distribution of {HIV} self-tests to {PLHIV} so that they can offer the tests to their sexual partners. {M}ethods: {T}his qualitative study was conducted in 2019 in an {HIV} care clinic in {B}amako. {I}t consisted of (i) individual interviews with eight health professionals involved in the distribution of {HIV} self-tests; (ii) 591 observations of medical consultations, including social service consultations, with {PLHIV}; (iii) seven observations of peer educator-led {PLHIV} group discussions. {T}he interviews with health professionals and the observations notes have been subject to content analysis. {R}esults: {HIVST} was discussed in only 9% of the observed consultations (51/591). {W}hen {HIVST} was discussed, the discussion was almost always initiated by the health professional rather than {PLHIV}. {HIVST} was discussed infrequently because, in most of the consultations, it was not appropriate to propose partner {HIVST} (e.g., when {PLHIV} were widowed, did not have partners, or had delegated someone to renew their prescriptions). {S}ome {PLHIV} had not disclosed their {HIV} status to their partners. {D}ispensing {HIV} self-tests was time-consuming, and medical consultations were very short. {T}hree main barriers to {HIVST} distribution when {HIV} status had not been disclosed to partners were identified: (1) almost all health professionals avoided offering {HIVST} to {PLHIV} when they thought or knew that the {PLHIV} had not disclosed their {HIV} status to partners; (2) {PLHIV} were reluctant to offer {HIVST} to their partners if they had not disclosed their {HIV}-positive status to them; (3) there was limited use of strategies to support the disclosure of {HIV} status. {C}onclusion: {I}t is essential to strengthen strategies to support the disclosure of {HIV}+ status. {I}t is necessary to develop a specific approach for the provision of {HIV} self-tests for the partners of {PLHIV} by rethinking the involvement of stakeholders. {T}his approach should provide them with training tailored to the issues related to the (non)disclosure of {HIV} status and gender inequalities, and improving counseling for {PLHIV}.}, keywords = {{HIV} self-testing ; index testing ; knowledge of {HIV} status ; {HIV} status ; disclosure ; {M}ali ; partners of {PLHIV} ; people living with {HIV} ; screening ; {MALI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {9}, numero = {}, pages = {653543 [11 ]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.653543}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082121}, } @article{fdi:010082052, title = {{C}osts and scale-up costs of integrating {HIV} self-testing into civil society organisation-led programmes for key populations in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {S}enegal, and {M}ali}, author = {d'{E}lbee, {M}. and {T}raore, {M}. {M}. and {B}adiane, {K}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {S}imo {F}otso, {A}rlette and {K}abemba, {O}. {K}. and {R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {G}odfrey-{F}aussett, {P}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {B}oily, {M}. {C}. and {M}edley, {G}. {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {ATLAS} {T}eam,}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{D}espite significant progress on the proportion of individuals who know their {HIV} status in 2020, {C}ote d'{I}voire (76%), {S}enegal (78%), and {M}ali (48%) remain far below, and key populations ({KP}) including female sex workers ({FSW}), men who have sex with men ({MSM}), and people who use drugs ({PWUD}) are the most vulnerable groups with a {HIV} prevalence at 5-30%. {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}), a process where a person collects his/her own specimen, performs a test, and interprets the result, was introduced in 2019 as a new testing modality through the {ATLAS} project coordinated by the international partner organisation {S}olthis ({IPO}). {W}e estimate the costs of implementing {HIVST} through 23 civil society organisations ({CSO})-led models for {KP} in {C}ote d'{I}voire ({N} = 7), {S}enegal ({N} = 11), and {M}ali ({N} = 5). {W}e modelled costs for programme transition (2021) and early scale-up (2022-2023). {B}etween {J}uly 2019 and {S}eptember 2020, a total of 51,028, 14,472, and 34,353 {HIVST} kits were distributed in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {S}enegal, and {M}ali, respectively. {A}cross countries, 64-80% of {HIVST} kits were distributed to {FSW}, 20-31% to {MSM}, and 5-8% to {PWUD}. {A}verage costs per {HIVST} kit distributed were $15 for {FSW} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $13, {S}enegal: $17, {M}ali: $16), $23 for {MSM} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $15, {S}enegal: $27, {M}ali: $28), and $80 for {PWUD} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $16, {S}enegal: $144), driven by personnel costs (47-78% of total costs), and {HIVST} kits costs (2-20%). {A}verage costs at scale-up were $11 for {FSW} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $9, {S}enegal: $13, {M}ali: $10), $16 for {MSM} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $9, {S}enegal: $23, {M}ali: $17), and $32 for {PWUD} ({C}ote d'{I}voire: $14, {S}enegal: $50). {C}ost reductions were mainly explained by the spreading of {IPO} costs over higher {HIVST} distribution volumes and progressive {IPO} withdrawal at scale-up. {I}n all countries, {CSO}-led {HIVST} kit provision to {KP} showed relatively high costs during the study period related to the progressive integration of the programme to {CSO} activities and contextual challenges ({COVID}-19 pandemic, country safety concerns). {I}n transition to scale-up and integration of the {HIVST} programme into {CSO} activities, this model shows large potential for substantial economies of scale. {F}urther research will assess the overall cost-effectiveness of this model.}, keywords = {costs and cost analysis ; scale-up ; {HIV} self-testing ; key populations ; knowledge of {HIV} status ; diagnosis ; screening ; {W}est {A}frica ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {MALI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{F}rontiers in {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {9}, numero = {}, pages = {653612 [13 ]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.653612}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082052}, } @article{fdi:010081048, title = {{T}elephone peer recruitment and interviewing during a respondent-driven sampling ({RDS}) survey : feasibility and field experience from the first phone-based {RDS} survey among men who have sex with men in {C}ote d'{I}voire}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}. {K}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}{\'e}verine and {S}ika, {L}. and {K}one, {M}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {R}es {T}eam, {A}nrs {D}od-{C}i}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground {M}any respondent-driven sampling ({RDS}) methodologies have been employed to investigate hard-to-reach populations; however, these methodologies present some limits. {W}e describe a minimally investigated {RDS} methodology in which peer recruitment and interviewing are phone-based. {T}he feasibility of the methodology, field experiences, validity of {RDS} assumptions and characteristics of the sample obtained are discussed. {M}ethods {W}e conducted a phone-based {RDS} survey among men who have sex with men ({MSM}) aged 18 or above and living in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {E}ight initial {MSM} across {C}ote d'{I}voire were selected. {P}articipants were asked to call a hotline to be registered and interviewed by phone. {A}fter the participants completed the questionnaire, they were asked to recruit a maximum of 3 {MSM} from their acquaintances. {R}esults {D}uring the 9 months of the survey, 576 individuals called the hotline, and 518 {MSM} completed the questionnaire. {T}he median delay between the invitation to participate and the completion of the questionnaire by peer-recruited {MSM} was 4 days [{IQR}: 1-12]. {T}he recruitment process was not constant, with high variation in the number of people who called the hotline during the survey period. {RDS} chain convergence to equilibrium was reached within 6 waves for most of the selected variables. {F}or the network size estimation assumption, participants who incorrectly estimated their network size were observed. {R}egarding the sample obtained, {MSM} were recruited from all the regions of {C}ote d'{I}voire with frequent interregional recruitment; 23.5% of {MSM} were recruited by someone who does not live in the same region. {C}ompared to the {MSM} who participated in two other surveys in {C}ote d'{I}voire, the {MSM} in our sample were less likely to know about an {MSM} non-governmental organisation. {H}owever, {MSM} aged 30 years old and above and those with a low level of education were underrepresented in our sample. {C}onclusion {W}e show that phone-based {RDS} surveys among {MSM} are feasible in the context of sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {C}ompared to other classical {RDS} survey methodologies, the phone-based {RDS} methodology seems to reduce selection bias based on geography and proximity with the {MSM} community. {H}owever, similar to other methodologies, phone-based {RDS} fails to reach older and less-educated {MSM}.}, keywords = {{P}hone-based survey ; {R}espondent-driven sampling ; {M}en who have sex with men ; {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMC} {M}edical {R}esearch {M}ethodology}, volume = {21}, numero = {1}, pages = {25 [12 p.]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1186/s12874-021-01208-x}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081048}, } @article{fdi:010080991, title = {{D}escribing, analysing and understanding the effects of the introduction of {HIV} self-testing in {W}est {A}frica through the {ATLAS} programme in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal}, author = {{R}ouveau, {N}icolas and {K}y-{Z}erbo, {O}. and {B}oye, {S}okhna and {F}otso, {A}. {S}. and d'{E}lbee, {M}. and {M}aheu-{G}iroux, {M}. and {S}ilhol, {R}. and {K}ouassi, {A}. {K}. and {V}autier, {A}. and {D}oumenc-{A}idara, {C}. and {B}reton, {G}. and {K}eita, {A}. and {E}hui, {E}. and {N}dour, {C}. {T}. and {B}oilly, {M}. {C}. and {T}erris-{P}restholt, {F}. and {P}ourette, {D}olores and {D}esclaux, {A}lice and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oily, {M}. {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground{T}he {ATLAS} programme aims to promote and implement {HIV} self-testing ({HIVST}) in three {W}est {A}frican countries: {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali, and {S}enegal. {D}uring 2019-2021, in close collaboration with the national {AIDS} implementing partners and communities, {ATLAS} plans to distribute 500,000 {HIVST} kits through eight delivery channels, combining facility-based, community-based strategies, primary and secondary distribution of {HIVST}.{C}onsidering the characteristics of {W}est {A}frican {HIV} epidemics, the targets of the {ATLAS} programme are hard-to-reach populations: key populations (female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users), their clients or sexual partners, partners of people living with {HIV} and patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections and their partners.{T}he {ATLAS} programme includes research support implementation to generate evidence for {HIVST} scale-up in {W}est {A}frica.{T}he main objective is to describe, analyse and understand the social, health, epidemiological effects and cost-effectiveness of {HIVST} introduction in {C}ote d'{I}voire, {M}ali and {S}enegal to improve the overall {HIV} testing strategy (accessibility, efficacy, ethics).{M}ethods{ATLAS} research is organised into five multidisciplinary workpackages ({WP}s): qualitative surveys (individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions) conducted with key actors, key populations, and {HIVST} users.{K}ey {P}opulations {WP}: ethnographic observation of three {HIV} care services introducing {HIVST} for partner testing.{I}ndex testing {WP}: an anonymous telephone survey of {HIVST} users.{C}oupons survey {WP}: incremental economic cost analysis of each delivery model using a top-down costing with programmatic data, complemented by a bottom-up costing of a representative sample of {HIVST} distribution sites, and a time-motion study for health professionals providing {HIVST}.{C}ost study {WP}: {A}daptation, parameterisation and calibration of a dynamic compartmental model that considers the varied populations targeted by the {ATLAS} programme and the different testing modalities and strategies.{D}iscussion{ATLAS} is the first comprehensive study on {HIV} self-testing in {W}est {A}frica. {T}he {ATLAS} programme focuses particularly on the secondary distribution of {HIVST}. {T}his protocol was approved by three national ethic committees and the {WHO}'s {E}thical {R}esearch {C}ommittee.}, keywords = {{HIV} ; {AIDS} ; {HIV} self-testing ; {W}est {A}frica ; {S}enegal ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {M}ali ; {SENEGAL} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {MALI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMC} {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {21}, numero = {1}, pages = {181 [14 p.]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1186/s12889-021-10212-1}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080991}, } @article{fdi:010080000, title = {{E}arly {ART} initiation improves {HIV} status disclosure and social support in people living with {HIV}, linked to care within a universal test and treat program in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {T}rial)}, author = {{F}iorentino, {M}. and {N}ishimwe, {M}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {S}pire, {B}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oyer, {S}. and {ANRS} 12249 {T}a{SP} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{W}e investigated the effect of early antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) initiation on {HIV} status disclosure and social support in a cluster-randomized, treatment-as-prevention ({T}as{P}) trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {I}ndividuals identified {HIV}-positive after home-based testing were referred to trial clinics where they were invited to initiate {ART} immediately irrespective of {CD}4 count (intervention arm) or following national guidelines (control arm). {W}e used {P}oisson mixed effects models to assess the independent effects of (a) time since baseline clinical visit, (b) trial arm, and (c) {ART} initiation on {HIV} disclosure (n = 182) and social support (n = 152) among participants with a {CD}4 count > 500 cells/mm(3) at baseline. {D}isclosure and social support significantly improved over follow-up in both arms. {D}isclosure was higher (incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.24 [1.04; 1.48]), and social support increased faster (1.22 [1.02; 1.46]) in the intervention arm than in the control arm. {ART} initiation improved both disclosure and social support (1.50 [1.28; 1.75] and 1.34 [1.12; 1.61], respectively), a stronger effect being seen in the intervention arm for social support (1.50 [1.12; 2.01]). {B}esides clinical benefits, early {ART} initiation may also improve psychosocial outcomes. {T}his should further encourage countries to implement universal test-and-treat strategies.}, keywords = {{HIV} ; {E}arly antiretroviral treatment ; {T}est and treat ; {HIV} status disclosure ; {S}ocial support ; {S}outh africa ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS} and {B}ehavior}, volume = {25}, numero = {4}, pages = {1306--1322}, ISSN = {1090-7165}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1007/s10461-020-03101-y}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080000}, } @article{fdi:010087001, title = {{P}ratiques et facteurs associ{\'e}s au d{\'e}pistage r{\'e}cent du {VIH} en population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : r{\'e}sultats de l'{\'e}tude {ANRS} 12323 {DOD}-{CI}}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}rs{\`e}ne {K}ra and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {K}on{\'e}, {M}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{A}vec 2,9 % de sa population infect{\'e}e par le {VIH}, la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire fait partie des pays d'{A}frique de l'{O}uest les plus touch{\'e}s par l'{\'e}pid{\'e}mie {\`a} {VIH}. {O}n estime que seules 63 % des personnes infect{\'e}es par le {VIH} connaissent leur statut. {U}ne enqu{\^e}te transversale, par t{\'e}l{\'e}phone, a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e aupr{\`e}s d'un {\'e}chantillon repr{\'e}sentatif de 3 867 personnes afin de d{\'e}crire les pratiques et les facteurs associ{\'e}s {\`a} la r{\'e}alisation r{\'e}cente (inf. ou eg. 1 an) d'un d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {L}es donn{\'e}es collect{\'e}es concernaient le dernier test r{\'e}alis{\'e} ainsi que les caract{\'e}ristiques sociod{\'e}mographiques, comportements sexuels, acc{\`e}s {\`a} l'information, perceptions, capacit{\'e}s, autonomies ainsi que l'environnement social et g{\'e}ographique des participants. {D}es mod{\`e}les de r{\'e}gression logistique ont {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}s afin d'identifier les facteurs associ{\'e}s {\`a} la r{\'e}alisation r{\'e}cente d'un test du {VIH} (inf. ou eg. 1 an). {L}e manque d'information est l'un des principaux freins au d{\'e}pistage (seuls 60 % des individus connaissent un lieu o{\`u} r{\'e}aliser un test). {C}hez les hommes, malgr{\'e} la gratuit{\'e} du d{\'e}pistage, une faible condition {\'e}conomique semble {\^e}tre un frein {\`a} la r{\'e}alisation d'un test. {L}'environnement social, notamment l'influence des pairs, semble aussi avoir un effet sur le recours au d{\'e}pistage chez les hommes. {C}hez les femmes, le d{\'e}pistage est associ{\'e} {\`a} leurs perceptions d'exposition au {VIH}. {L}'offre de d{\'e}pistage actuelle en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire n{\'e}cessite de repenser la communication autour du test ainsi que d'identifier des incitatifs {\'e}conomiques ou sociaux permettant de lever les freins au d{\'e}pistage.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{B}ulletin de la {S}oci{\'e}t{\'e} de {P}athologie {E}xotique}, volume = {113}, numero = {5}, pages = {268--277}, ISSN = {0037-9085}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.3166/bspe-2021-0154 }, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087001}, } @article{fdi:010080450, title = {{T}est but not treat : community members' experiences with barriers and facilitators to universal antiretroviral therapy uptake in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}. and {C}himukuche, {R}. {S}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {S}iedner, {M}. and {S}hahmanesh, {M}. and {S}eeley, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction {A}ntiretroviral therapy ({ART}) has revolutionised the care of {HIV}-positive individuals resulting in marked decreases in morbidity and mortality, and markedly reduced transmission to sexual partners. {H}owever, these benefits can only be realised if individuals are aware of their {HIV}-positive status, initiated and retained on suppressive lifelong {ART}. {F}ramed using the socio-ecological model, the present study explores factors contributing to poor {ART} uptake among community members despite high acceptance of {HIV}-testing within a {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) trial. {I}n this paper we identify barriers and facilitators to treatment across different levels of the socio-ecological framework covering individual, community and health system components. {M}ethods {T}his research was embedded within a cluster-randomised trial ({C}linical{T}rials.gov, number {NCT}01509508) of {HIV} treatment as {P}revention in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica. {D}ata were collected between {J}anuary 2013 and {J}uly 2014 from resident community members. {T}en participants contributed to repeat in-depth interviews whilst 42 participants took part in repeat focus group discussions. {D}ata from individual interviews and focus group discussions were triangulated using community walks to give insights into community members' perception of the barriers and facilitators of {ART} uptake. {W}e used thematic analysis guided by a socio-ecological framework to analyse participants' narratives from both individual interviews and focus group discussions. {R}esults {B}arriers and facilitators operating at the individual, community and health system levels influence {ART} uptake. {S}tigma was an over-arching barrier, across all three levels and expressed variably as fear of {HIV} disclosure, concerns about segregated {HIV} clinical services and negative community religious perceptions. {O}ther barriers were individual (substance misuse, fear of {ART} side effects), community (alternative health beliefs). {F}acilitators cited by participants included individual (expectations of improved health and longer life expectancy following {ART}, single tablet regimens), community (availability of {ART} in the community through mobile trial facilities) and health system factors (fast and efficient service provided by friendly staff). {D}iscussion {W}e identified multiple barriers to achieving universal {ART} uptake. {T}o enhance uptake in {HIV} care services, and achieve the full benefits of {ART} requires interventions that tackle persistent {HIV} stigma, and offer people with {HIV} respectful, convenient and efficient services. {T}hese interventions require evaluation in appropriately designed studies.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {KWAZULU} {NATAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne}, volume = {15}, numero = {9}, pages = {e0239513 [14 p.]}, ISSN = {1932-6203}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0239513}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080450}, } @article{fdi:010078851, title = {{D}{\'e}pistage du {VIH} hors les murs en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : des prestataires communautaires sous pression}, author = {{K}ouadio, {B}.{A}. and {C}arillon, {S}{\'e}verine and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {A}ssi, {A}.{N}.{A}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {K}on{\'e}, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {E}quipe projet {DOD}-{CI} {ANRS} 12323}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{C}ontexte : {L}es strat{\'e}gies de d{\'e}pistage du virus de l'immunod{\'e}ficience humaine ({VIH}) ' hors les murs ' ont fortement contribu{\'e} {\`a} augmenter le nombre des personnes connaissant leur statut s{\'e}rologique en {A}frique subsaharienne. {C}et article analyse l'articulation entre les exigences des bailleurs et les contraintes du terrain dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre du d{\'e}pistage hors les murs en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {M}{\'e}thodes : {U}ne recherche qualitative a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}e dans trois districts sanitaires de {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire ({M}an, {C}ocody-{B}ingerville et {A}boisso) en 2015-2016. {L}es donn{\'e}es {\'e}taient issues d'entretiens conduits aupr{\`e}s de prestataires communautaires d'organisations non gouvernementales ({ONG}) d'ex{\'e}cution, et de personnes d{\'e}pist{\'e}es, ainsi que par l'observation d'activit{\'e}s de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} hors les murs. {R}{\'e}sultats : {L}es organisations d'ex{\'e}cution se sentent ' sous pression ' face aux objectifs des bailleurs jug{\'e}s inatteignables et au d{\'e}ficit de formation et de financement. {D}{\`e}s lors, les prestataires n'observent pas syst{\'e}matiquement les r{\`e}gles en mati{\`e}re de conseil, consentement {\'e}clair{\'e} et confidentialit{\'e}, dites des ' trois {C} ', et d{\'e}pistent des personnes ' hors cibles ' (g{\'e}ographiques et populationnelles). {D}iscussion : {D}eux types de contraintes p{\`e}sent sur les {ONG} d'ex{\'e}cution : celles issues du fonctionnement de l'aide internationale (financements inad{\'e}quats par rapport aux coûts r{\'e}els, objectifs trop {\'e}lev{\'e}s, cha{\^i}ne d'interm{\'e}diaires importante) et celles li{\'e}es au contexte local (espaces non adapt{\'e}s pour garantir la confidentialit{\'e} et activit{\'e} professionnelle des populations cibles). {C}onclusion : {L}es pressions que subissent {\`a} diff{\'e}rents niveaux les {ONG} d'ex{\'e}cution se font au d{\'e}triment de la qualit{\'e} du d{\'e}pistage. {I}l appara{\^i}t aujourd'hui essentiel de d{\'e}velopper une approche plus qualitative dans la d{\'e}finition des strat{\'e}gies et de ses crit{\`e}res d'{\'e}valuation.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique}, volume = {32}, numero = {1}, pages = {103--111}, ISSN = {0995-3914}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.3917/spub.201.0103}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078851}, } @article{fdi:010078075, title = {{P}ractices and obstacles to {P}rovider-{I}nitiated {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounseling ({PITC}) among healthcare providers in {C}ote d'{I}voire}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}. {K}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}{\'e}verine and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {K}one, {M}. and du {L}o, {A}. {D}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ANRS} {D}od-{C}i {S}tudy {G}roup,}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}ractices of {P}rovider-{I}nitiated {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounseling ({PITC}) remains suboptimal in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he aim of this survey was to identify the practices and obstacles to {PITC} among healthcare professionals in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {A} nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 by telephone among three separate samples of midwives, nurses and physicians practicing in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he number of {HIV} tests proposed during consultation in the month preceding the survey was collected for each professional. {F}actors associated with the number of proposed tests were identified through ordinal logistic regression models. {A} total of 298 midwives, 308 nurses and 289 physicians were interviewed. {M}idwives proposed the test more frequently, followed by nurses and physicians. {A}mong midwives, a higher number of proposed tests was associated with the perception that {HIV} testing does not require specific consent compared to other diseases (a{OR} 4.00 [95% {CI} 1.37-14.29]). {A}mong nurses, having received {HIV} training and the presence of community {HIV} counselors were associated with a higher number of proposed tests (a{OR} 2.01 [1.31-3.09] and a{OR} 1.75 [1.14-2.70], respectively). {F}or physicians, the presence of a voluntary testing center was associated with a higher number of proposed tests (a{OR} 1.69 [1.01-2.86]). {PITC} practices and barriers differed across professions. {B}eyond improving environmental opportunities such as dedicated staff or services, strengthening the motivations and capabilities of healthcare professionals to propose testing could improve {PITC} coverage.}, keywords = {{P}rovider initiated testing and counselling ; {HIV} testing ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {H}ealth personnel ; {P}hone-based survey ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids and {B}ehavior}, volume = {24}, numero = {12}, pages = {3491--3500}, ISSN = {1090-7165}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1007/s10461-020-02923-0}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078075}, } @article{fdi:010078925, title = {{S}exual health needs of female sex workers in {C}ote d'{I}voire : a mixed-methods study to prepare the future implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) for {HIV} prevention}, author = {{B}ecquet, {V}alentine and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {M}asumbuko, {J}. {M}. and {A}noma, {C}. and {K}ouame, {S}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {E}holie, {S}. {P}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {ANRS} 12361 {P}r{EP}-{CI} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjective {T}o describe sexual and reproductive health ({SRH}) needs of female sex workers ({FSW}s) to inform the future implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis ({P}r{EP}) for {HIV} prevention in this population. {D}esign and setting {T}he {ANRS} 12361 {P}r{EP}-{CI} cross-sectional and mixed-methods study was designed and implemented with two community-based organisations in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {P}articipants {A} convenience sample of 1000 {FSW}s aged >= 18, not known as {HIV}-positive, completed a standardised questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, sexual practices, use of community health services and a priori acceptability of {P}r{EP}. {T}wenty-two indepth interviews and eight focus group discussions were also conducted to document {FSW}s' risky practices and sexual behaviours, experiences with violence and discrimination, attitudes regarding {HIV} and sexually transmitted infections ({STI}s), and barriers to {SRH} services. {R}esults {A}lthough 87% described consistent condom use with clients, more than 22% declared accepting condomless sexual intercourse for a large sum of money. {F}urthermore, condom use with their steady partner and knowledge of their partner's {HIV} status were low despite their acknowledged concurrent sexual partnerships. {W}hile inconsistent condom use exposed {FSW}s to {STI}s and undesired pregnancies, the prevalence of contraceptive strategies other than condoms was low (39%) due to fear of contraception causing sterility. {FSW}s faced obstacles to accessing {SRH} care and preferred advice from their peers or self-medication. {C}onclusions {D}espite adoption of preventive behaviour in most cases, {FSW}s are still highly exposed to {HIV}. {F}urthermore, {FSW}s seem to face several barriers to accessing {SRH}. {I}mplementing {P}r{EP} among {FSW}s in {W}est {A}frica, such as in {C}ote d'{I}voire, constitutes an opportunity to consider the regular follow-up of {HIV}-negative {FSW}s. {P}r{EP} initiation should not condition access to {SRH} services; conversely, {SRH} services could be a way to attract {FSW}s into {HIV} prevention. {O}ur results highlight the importance of developing a people-focused approach that integrates all {SRH} needs when transitioning from {P}r{EP} efficacy trials to implementation.}, keywords = {qualitative research ; {HIV} & {AIDS} ; public health ; demography ; epidemiology ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{BMJ} {O}pen}, volume = {10}, numero = {1}, pages = {e028508 [12 ]}, ISSN = {2044-6055}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028508}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078925}, } @article{fdi:010078031, title = {{W}hat do the {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat trials tell us about the path to {HIV} epidemic control ?}, author = {{H}avlir, {D}. and {L}ockman, {S}. and {A}yles, {H}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {C}hamie, {G}. and {G}aolathe, {T}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {F}idler, {S}. and {K}amya, {M}. and {F}loyd, {S}. and {M}oore, {J}. and {H}ayes, {R}. and {P}etersen, {M}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {U}niversal {T}est {T}reat {T}rials {UT}3 {C}onsortium}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction {A}chieving {HIV} epidemic control globally will require new strategies to accelerate reductions in {HIV} incidence and mortality. {U}niversal test and treat ({UTT}) was evaluated in four randomized population-based trials ({BCPP}/{Y}a {T}sie, {HPTN} 071/{P}op{ART}, {SEARCH}, {ANRS} 12249/{T}as{P}) conducted in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica ({SSA}) during expanded antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) eligibility by {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization guidelines and the {UNAIDS} 90-90-90 campaign. {D}iscussion {T}hese three-year studies were conducted in {B}otswana, {Z}ambia, {U}ganda, {K}enya and {S}outh {A}frica in settings with baseline {HIV} prevalence from 4% to 30%. {K}ey observations across studies were: (1) {U}niversal testing (implemented via a variety of home and community-based testing approaches) achieved >90% coverage in all studies. (2) {W}hen coupled with robust linkage to {HIV} care, rapid {ART} start and patient-centred care, {UTT} achieved among the highest reported population levels of viral suppression in {SSA}. {S}ignificant gains in population-level viral suppression were made in regions with both low and high baseline population viral load; however, viral suppression gains were not uniform across all sub-populations and were lower among youth. (3) {UTT} resulted in marked reductions in community {HIV} incidence when universal testing and robust linkage were present. {H}owever, {HIV} elimination targets were not reached. {I}n {BCPP} and {HPTN} 071, annualized {HIV} incidence was approximately 20% to 30% lower in the intervention (which included universal testing) compared to control arms (no universal testing). {I}n {SEARCH} (where both arms had universal testing), incidence declined 32% over three years. (4) {UTT} reduced {HIV} associated mortality by 23% in the intervention versus control communities in {SEARCH}, a study in which mortality was comprehensively measured. {C}onclusions {T}hese trials provide strong evidence that {UTT} inclusive of universal testing increases population-level viral suppression and decreases {HIV} incidence and mortality faster than the status quo in {SSA} and should be adapted at a sub-country level as a public health strategy. {H}owever, more is needed, including integration of new prevention interventions into {UTT}, in order to reach {UNAIDS} {HIV} elimination targets.}, keywords = {{HIV} testing ; antiretroviral therapy ; {HIV} elimination ; {HIV} care continuum ; {HIV} prevention ; {HIV} care continuum ; public health ; universal access ; {BOTSWANA} ; {ZAMBIE} ; {OUGANDA} ; {KENYA} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety}, volume = {23}, numero = {2}, pages = {e25455 [7 ]}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25455}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078031}, } @article{fdi:010077495, title = {{C}ascade of provider-initiated human immunodeficiency virus testing and counselling at specific life events ({P}regnancy, sexually transmitted infections, marriage) in {C}ote d'{I}voire}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {K}ouassi, {A}. {K}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {K}one, {M}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}ssoumou, {N}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {K}one, {M}. and {K}ouadio, {A}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {ANRS} 12323 {DOD}-{CI} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground {D}espite the implementation of {P}rovider {I}nitiated {T}esting and {C}ounselling ({PITC}) in 2009, {PITC} coverage remains low in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he purpose of this study is to determine whether an human immunodeficiency virus ({HIV}) test was offered and performed at specific life events where {PITC} is recommended by national guidelines. {M}ethods {I}n 2017, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a representative sample of 3,867 adults from the general population in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he occurrences of the following events over the past 5 years were documented: pregnancy (event {A}) or partner's pregnancy (event {B}) of the last child, sexually transmitted infection (event {C}) and marriage (event {D}). {F}or each of these events, participants were asked (i) if they consulted a health care professional, (ii) if they were offered an {HIV} test during that consultation and (iii) if they accepted it. {R}esults {C}onsulting a health care provider was reported by 94.9%, 58.3%, 70.3% and 19.1% of those who reported events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D} respectively. {I}n case of medical consultations following events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D}, respectively 70.1%, 33.1%, 28.1%, and 78.8% of individuals were offered an {HIV} test. {T}he testing acceptance was high regardless of the event. {O}verall, testing coverage was 63.7%, 16.9%, 13.4% and 14.5% for events {A}, {B}, {C} and {D} respectively. {C}onclusions {I}ncreasing {HIV} testing coverage in {C}ote d'{I}voire requires (i) facilitating attendance to health services in case of sexually transmitted infections, marriage and pregnancy-for men-and (ii) strengthening routine testing offer on these occasions.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}exually {T}ransmitted {D}iseases}, volume = {47}, numero = {1}, pages = {54--61}, ISSN = {0148-5717}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1097/olq.0000000000001084}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077495}, } @article{fdi:010076093, title = {{E}ffect of organizational models of provider-initiated testing and counseling ({PITC}) in health facilities on adult {HIV} testing coverage in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he purpose of this paper is to identify which {P}rovider-{I}nitiated {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounseling ({PITC}) organizational models are the most efficient to maximize testing coverage. {W}e conducted a systematic literature review to identify published articles that evaluated routine {PITC} programs implemented in adult health facilities in {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {W}e considered only articles measuring {PITC} offer, {PITC} acceptability and {PITC} coverage. {A}djusted meta-regression models were performed to measure the association between {PITC} offer, acceptability and coverage with {PITC} organizational model. {A} total of 30 articles were included in the meta-analysis. {O}verall, 85.4% [95%{CI}: 77.2-93.5] of patients were offered a test, and 87.1% [82.4-91.7] accepted the test resulting in a {PITC} coverage of 74.3% [66-82.6]. {F}our types of {PITC} organizational models were identified: {PITC} initiated and performed during the consultation (model {A}), {PITC} initiated before consultation (model {B}), {PITC} referred on-site (model {C}) and {PITC} referred off-site (model {D}). {C}ompared to model {A}, model {B} had a similar coverage (a{OR}: 1.02 [0.82-1.26]). {H}owever, coverage was lower for model {C} (a{OR}: 0.81 [0.68-0.97]) and model {D} (a{OR}: 0.58 [0.44-0.77]). {I}nitiating the testing process before or during medical consultation is recommended for maximizing testing coverage among patients.}, keywords = {{P}rovider initiated testing and counseling ; {HIV} testing ; testing cover ; organizational models ; {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS} {C}are}, volume = {32}, numero = {2}, pages = {163--169}, ISSN = {0954-0121}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2019.1626339}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076093}, } @incollection{fdi:010082469, title = {{P}r{\'e}vention du {VIH} : introduction}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MONDE}}, booktitle = {{VIH}, h{\'e}patites virales, sant{\'e} sexuelle}, numero = {}, pages = {683--686}, address = {{L}es {U}lis}, publisher = {{EDP} {S}ciences}, series = {}, year = {2020}, ISBN = {978-2-7598-2403-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082469}, } @incollection{fdi:010082470, title = {{L}e traitement antir{\'e}troviral comme moyen de pr{\'e}vention ({T}as{P})}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{EUROPE} ; {AMERIQUE} {DU} {NORD} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {BOTSWANA} ; {KENYA} ; {OUGANDA} ; {ZAMBIE} ; {MALAWI} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {{VIH}, h{\'e}patites virales, sant{\'e} sexuelle}, numero = {}, pages = {702--711}, address = {{L}es {U}lis}, publisher = {{EDP} {S}ciences}, series = {}, year = {2020}, ISBN = {978-2-7598-2403-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082470}, } @incollection{fdi:010082471, title = {{P}rophylaxie pr{\'e}exposition ({P}r{EP})}, author = {{G}antner, {P}. and {L}aurent, {C}hristian and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {G}hosn, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{ETATS} {UNIS} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {AFRIQUE} {AUSTRALE} ; {KENYA} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {OUGANDA} ; {ZIMBABWE} ; {LESOTHO} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {ROYAUME} {UNI} ; {BELGIQUE} ; {CANADA} ; {BRESIL}}, booktitle = {{VIH}, h{\'e}patites virales, sant{\'e} sexuelle}, numero = {}, pages = {715--726}, address = {{L}es {U}lis}, publisher = {{EDP} {S}ciences}, series = {}, year = {2020}, ISBN = {978-2-7598-2403-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082471}, } @article{fdi:010077777, title = {{P}epfar 3.0's {HIV} testing policy in {C}ote d'{I}voire (2014 to 2018) : fragmentation, acceleration and disconnection}, author = {{B}ekelynck, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {A}ssoumou, {N}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {K}one, {M}. and {K}ouadio, {A}. and {K}ra, {A}. and {N}iangoran, {S}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {C}arillon, {S}{\'e}verine and {I}ngheis, {M}. and {ANRS} {D}od-{C}i {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction {HIV} {T}esting and {C}ounselling ({HTC}) remains a key challenge in achieving control of the {HIV} epidemic by 2030. {I}n the early 2010s, the {P}resident's {E}mergency {P}lan for {AIDS} {R}elief ({P}epfar) adopted targeted {HTC} strategies for populations and geographical areas most affected by {HIV}. {W}e examine how {P}epfar defined targeted {HTC} in {C}ote d'{I}voire, a country with a mixed {HIV} epidemic, after a decade of expanding {HTC} services. {M}ethods {W}e explored the evolution of {HTC} strategies through the {C}ountry {O}perational {P}lans ({COP}) of {P}epfar during its phase 3.0, from {COP} 14 to {COP} 17 ({O}ctober 2014 to {S}eptember 2018) in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {W}e conducted an analysis of the grey literature over the period 2014 to 2018 ({B}udget & {T}arget {R}eport, {S}trategic {D}irection {S}ummary, {S}ustainability {I}ndex and {D}ashboard {S}ummary, ). {W}e also conducted a qualitative study in {C}ote d'{I}voire (2015 to 2018) using in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the {AIDS} public response: {CDC}/{P}epfar (3), {M}inistry of {H}ealth (3), intermediary {NGO}s (7); and public meeting observations (14). {R}esults {S}ince the {COP} 14, {P}epfar's {HIV} testing strategies have been characterized by significant variations in terms of numerical, geographical and population targets. {W}hile the aim of {COP} 14 and {COP} 15 seemed to be the improvement of testing efficacy in general and testing yield in particular, {COP} 16 and {COP} 17 prioritized accelerating progress towards the "first 90" (i.e. reducing the proportion of people living with {HIV} who are unaware of their {HIV}). {A} shift was observed in the definition of testing targets, with less focus on the inclusion of programmatic data and feedback from field actors, and greater emphasis on the use of models to estimate and disaggregate the targets by geographical units and sub-populations (even if the availability of data by this disaggregation was limited or uncertain); increasingly leading to gaps between targets and results. {C}onclusions {T}hese trials and tribulations question the real and long-term effectiveness of annually-revised, fragmented strategies, which widen an increasing disparity between the realities of the actors on the ground and the objectives set in {W}ashington.}, keywords = {{P}epfar ; {HIV} testing ; {H}ealth policy ; {COP} ({C}ountry operational {P}lan) ; {C}ote d'{I}voire ; {A}frica ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {22}, numero = {12}, pages = {e25424 [7 ]}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25424}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077777}, } @article{fdi:010077311, title = {{T}emporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat : the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}. {H}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {M}arch, {L}aura and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction {T}he universal test-and-treat ({UTT}) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression ({PVS}), that is, the proportion of all people living with {HIV} ({PLHIV}) on antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing {HIV} transmission at the population level. {T}his article explores the extent to which temporal changes in {PVS} explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative {HIV} incidence seen in the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial conducted in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {M}ethods {T}he {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six-monthly repeat home-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({RHBCT}) and referral of {PLHIV} to local {HIV} clinics in 2 x 11 clusters opened sequentially. {ART} was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of {CD}4 count in intervention clusters. {W}e measured residency status, {HIV} status, and {HIV} care status for each participant on a daily basis. {PVS} was computed per cluster among all resident {PLHIV} (>= 16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. {W}e used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in {PVS}, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level. {R}esults 8563 {PLHIV} were followed. {D}uring the course of the trial, {PVS} increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). {T}hat increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). {I}n the final adjusted model, {PVS} increase was most associated with increased {RHBCT} and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). {C}ontextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. {T}he effect of universal {ART} (trial arm) was positive but limited. {C}onclusions {PVS} was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative {HIV} incidence between arms. {T}he {PVS} gains due to changes in {ART}-initiation guidelines alone are relatively small compared to gains obtained by strategies to maximize testing and linkage to care. {T}he achievement of the 90-90-90 targets will not be met if the operational and implementational challenges limiting access to care and treatment, often context-specific, are not properly addressed. {C}linical trial number: {NCT}01509508 (clinical{T}rials.gov)/{DOH}-27-0512-3974 ({S}outh {A}frican {N}ational {C}linical {T}rials {R}egister).}, keywords = {{HIV} ; antiretroviral therapy ; sustained viral suppression ; retention in care ; population health ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety}, volume = {22}, numero = {10}, pages = {art. e25402 [11 ]}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25402}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077311}, } @article{fdi:010076848, title = {{O}rganisation du financement du d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} {\`a} base communautaire en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : une recherche d'efficience potentiellement contre-productive ?}, author = {{A}ssoumou, {A}.{A}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {C}arillon, {S}everine and {K}ouadio, {B}.{A}. and {O}uantchi, {H}. and {D}oumbia, {M}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}on{\'e}, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{O}bjectif : {D}epuis le d{\'e}but des ann{\'e}es 2010, le {P}resident's {E}mergency {P}lan for {AIDS} {R}elief ({P}epfar) et le {F}onds mondial de lutte contre le {VIH}/ sida, la tuberculose et le paludisme ont accentu{\'e} leurs strat{\'e}gies de gestion ax{\'e}e sur les r{\'e}sultats ({GAR}). {L}es conditions de d{\'e}caissements sont de plus en plus exigeantes pour les organisations non gouvernementales ({ONG}) financ{\'e}s (atteinte d'objectifs chiffr{\'e}s, r{\'e}alisation de compte rendu et de contr{\^o}les des activit{\'e}s fr{\'e}quents) et leur r{\'e}mun{\'e}ration d{\'e}pend des r{\'e}sultats atteints. {C}et article vise {\`a} analyser les effets de ce renforcement des politiques fond{\'e}es sur le new public management sur la mise en oeuvre locale des activit{\'e}s, {\`a} travers l'exemple du d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} {\`a} base communautaire. {M}{\'e}thodes : {D}ans trois districts sanitaires de la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, nous avons r{\'e}alis{\'e}, en 2015 et 2016, une cartographie des acteurs impliqu{\'e}s dans le d{\'e}pistage communautaire et des entretiens semi-directifs aupr{\`e}s de membres des {ONG} dites "communautaires" (n = 18). {R}{\'e}sultats : {L}e financement des organisations en charge du d{\'e}pistage au niveau local transite par des organisations interm{\'e}diaires selon un syst{\`e}me pyramidal complexe. {C}ombin{\'e} {\`a} la lourdeur des comptes rendus d'activit{\'e} et de la validation des donn{\'e}es, cela g{\'e}n{\`e}re des retards dans le d{\'e}caissement des fonds et r{\'e}duit fortement le temps effectif de mise en oeuvre des activit{\'e}s, soit moins de la moiti{\'e} du temps pr{\'e}vu {\`a} cet effet. {C}onclusion : {C}ette manag{\'e}rialisation aussi bien du {P}epfar que du {F}onds mondial produit ainsi des effets contre-productifs contre lesquels elle {\'e}tait cens{\'e}e lutter.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}{\'e}decine et {S}ant{\'e} {T}ropicales}, volume = {29}, numero = {3}, pages = {287--293 [en ligne]}, ISSN = {2261-3684}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1684/mst.2019.0926}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076848}, } @article{fdi:010087821, title = {{N}o effect of test and treat on sexual behaviours at population level in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{R}olland, {M}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {T}iendrebeogo, {T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {ANRS} {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}ontext: {W}ithin the community-randomized {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention trial conducted in rural {S}outh {A}frica, we analysed sexual behaviours stratified by sex over time, comparing immediate antiretroviral therapy irrespective of {CD}4(+) cell count vs. {CD}4(+)-guided antiretroviral therapy (start at {CD}4(+) cell count >350 cells/mu l then >500 cells/mu l) arms. {M}ethods: {A}s part of the 6-monthly home-based trial rounds, a sexual behaviour individual questionnaire was administered to all residents at least 16 years. {W}e considered seven indicators: sexual intercourse in the past month; at least one regular sexual partner in the past 6 months; at least one casual sexual partner in the past 6 months and more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months; condom use at last sex ({CLS}) with regular partner, {CLS} with casual partner, and point prevalence estimate of concurrency. {W}e conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses, stratified by sex. {G}eneralized {E}stimating {E}quations models were used, including trial arm, trial time, calendar time and interaction between trial arm and trial time. {R}esults: {CLS} with regular partner varied between 29-51% and 23-46% for men and women, respectively, with significantly lower odds among women in the control vs. intervention arm by trial end ({P}<0.001). {CLS} with casual partner among men showed a significant interaction between arm and trial round, with no consistent pattern. {W}omen declared more than one partner in the past 6 months in less than 1% of individual questionnaires; among men, rates varied between 5-12%, and odds significantly and continuously declined between calendar rounds 1 and 7 [odds ratio = 4.2 (3.24-5.45)]. {C}onclusion: {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat was not associated with increased sexual risk behaviours.}, keywords = {{A}frica ; antiretroviral therapy ; {HIV} ; prevention ; sexual behaviour ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS}}, volume = {33}, numero = {4}, pages = {709--722}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000002104}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087821}, } @article{fdi:010076589, title = {{R}etention in care trajectories of {HIV}-positive individuals participating in a universal test-and-treat program in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {T}rial)}, author = {{G}osset, {A}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {B}oyer, {S}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}o study retention in care ({RIC}) trajectories and associated factors in patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in a universal test-and-treat setting ({T}as{P} trial, {S}outh {A}frica, 2012-2016). {D}esign: {A} cluster-randomized trial whereby individuals identified {HIV} positive after home-based testing were invited to initiate {ART} immediately (intervention) or following national guidelines (control). {M}ethods: {E}xiting care was defined as >= 3 months late for a clinic appointment, transferring elsewhere, or death. {G}roup-based trajectory modeling was performed to estimate {RIC} trajectories over 18 months and associated factors in 777 {ART}-eligible patients. {R}esults: {F}our {RIC} trajectory groups were identified: (1) group 1 "remained" in care (reference, n = 554, 71.3%), (2) group 2 exited care then "returned" after [median (interquartile range)] 4 (3-9) months (n = 40, 5.2%), (3) group 3 "exited care rapidly" [after 4 (4-6) months, n = 98, 12.6%], and (4) group 4 "exited care later" [after 11 (9-13) months, n = 85, 10.9%]. {G}roup 2 patients were less likely to have initiated {ART} within 1 month and more likely to be male, young (<29 years), without a regular partner, and to have a {CD}4 count >350 cells/mm(3). {G}roup 3 patients were more likely to be women without social support, newly diagnosed, young, and less likely to have initiated {ART} within 1 month. {G}roup 4 patients were more likely to be newly diagnosed and aged 39 years or younger. {C}onclusions: {H}igh {CD}4 counts at care initiation were not associated with a higher risk of exiting care. {P}rompt {ART} initiation and special support for young and newly diagnosed patients with {HIV} are needed to maximize {RIC}.}, keywords = {universal test and treat ; {HIV} ; {S}outh {A}frica ; retention in care trajectories ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{JAIDS}.{J}ournal of {A}cquired {I}mmune {D}eficiency {S}yndromes}, volume = {80}, numero = {4}, pages = {375--385}, ISSN = {1525-4135}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1097/qai.0000000000001938}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076589}, } @article{fdi:010073698, title = {{T}he impact of population dynamics on the population {HIV} care cascade : results from the {ANRS} 12249 treatment as prevention trial in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal ({S}outh {A}frica)}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}amadou {H}assimiou and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {ANRS} {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction: {T}he universal test and treat strategy ({UTT}) was developed to maximize the proportion of all {HIV}-positive individuals on antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) and virally suppressed, assuming that it will lead to a reduction in {HIV} incidence at the population level. {T}he evolution over time of the cross-sectional {HIV} care cascade is determined by individual longitudinal trajectories through the {HIV} care continuum and underlying population dynamics. {T}he purpose of this paper is to quantify the contribution of each component of population change (in- and out-migration, {HIV} seroconversion, ageing into the cohort and definitive exit such as death) on the {HIV} care cascade in the context of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomized trial, investigating {UTT} in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica, between 2012 and 2016. {M}ethods: {HIV} test results and information on clinic visits, {ART} prescriptions, viral load and {CD}4 count, migration and deaths were used to calculate residency status, {HIV} status and {HIV} care status for each individual on a daily basis. {P}osition within the {HIV} care continuum was considered as a score ranging from 0 (undiagnosed) to 4 (virally suppressed). {W}e compared the cascade score of each individual joining or leaving the population of resident adults living with {HIV} with the average score of their cluster at the time of entry or exit. {T}hen, we computed the contribution of each entry or exit on the average cascade score and their annualized total contribution, by component of change. {R}esults: {W}hile the average cascade score increased over time in all clusters, that increase was constrained by population dynamics. {P}ermanent exits and ageing into the people living with {HIV} cohort had a marginal effect. {B}oth in-migrants and out-migrants were less likely to be retained at each step of the {HIV} care continuum. {H}owever, their overall impact on the cross-sectional cascade was limited as the effect of in- and out-migration balanced each other. {T}he contribution of {HIV} seroconversions was negative in all clusters. {C}onclusions: {I}n a context of high {HIV} incidence, the continuous flow of newly infected individuals slows down the efforts to increase {ART} coverage and population viral suppression, ultimately attenuating any population-level impact on {HIV} incidence.}, keywords = {{HIV} care continuum ; {P}ublic health ; {S}tructural drivers ; {M}igration ; {C}ross-sectional cascade ; {R}ural {S}outh {A}frica ; {P}opulation dynamics ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {21}, numero = {4}, pages = {e25128 [10 ]}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1002/jia2.25128}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073698}, } @article{fdi:010073712, title = {{T}emporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of {U}niversal {T}est and {T}reat : results from the {ANRS} 12,249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iallo, {M}. {H}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {T}as{P} {A}nrs {S}tudy {G}roup,}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {21}, numero = {6}, pages = {12}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2018}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010073712}, } @article{fdi:010072498, title = {{U}niversal test and treat and the {HIV} epidemic in rural {S}outh {A}frica : a phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}. {C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}alestre, {E}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {M}akowa, {T}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {D}e {O}liveira, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground {U}niversal antiretroviral therapy ({ART}), as per the 2015 {WHO} recommendations, might reduce population {HIV} incidence. {W}e investigated the effect of universal test and treat on {HIV} acquisition at population level in a high prevalence rural region of {S}outh {A}frica. {M}ethods {W}e did a phase 4, open-label, cluster randomised trial of 22 communities in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica. {W}e included individuals residing in the communities who were aged 16 years or older. {T}he clusters were composed of aggregated local areas (neighbourhoods) that had been identified in a previous study in the {H}labisa subdistrict. {T}he study statisticians randomly assigned clusters (1:1) with {M}ap{I}nfo {P}ro (version 11.0) to either the control or intervention communities, stratified on the basis of antenatal {HIV} prevalence. {W}e offered residents repeated rapid {HIV} testing during home-based visits every 6 months for about 4 years in four clusters, 3 years in six clusters, and 2 years in 12 clusters (58 cluster-years) and referred {HIV}-positive participants to trial clinics for {ART} (fixed-dose combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz) regardless of {CD}4 cell count (intervention) or according to national guidelines (initially <= 350 cells per mu {L} and <500 cells per mu {L} from {J}anuary, 2015; control). {P}articipants and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. {W}e used dried blood spots once every 6 months provided by participants who were {HIV} negative at baseline to estimate the primary outcome of {HIV} incidence with cluster-adjusted {P}oisson generalised estimated equations in the intention-to-treat population after 58 cluster-years of follow-up. {T}his study is registered with {C}linical{T}rials. gov, number {NCT}01509508, and the {S}outh {A}frican {N}ational {C}linical {T}rials {R}egister, number {DOH}-27-0512-3974. {F}indings {B}etween {M}arch 9, 2012, and {J}une 30, 2016, we contacted 26 518 (93%) of 28 419 eligible individuals. {O}f 17 808 (67%) individuals with a first negative dried blood spot test, 14 223 (80%) had subsequent dried blood spot tests, of whom 503 seroconverted after follow-up of 22 891 person-years. {E}stimated {HIV} incidence was 2.11 per 100 person-years (95% {CI} 1.84-2.39) in the intervention group and 2.27 per 100 person-years (2.00-2.54) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.01, 95% {CI} 0.87-1.17; p=0.89). {W}e documented one case of suicidal attempt in a woman following {HIV} seroconversion. 128 patients on {ART} had 189 life-threatening or grade 4 clinical events: 69 (4%) of 1652 in the control group and 59 (4%) of 1367 in the intervention group (p=0.83). {I}nterpretation {T}he absence of a lowering of {HIV} incidence in universal test and treat clusters most likely resulted from poor linkage to care. {P}olicy change to {HIV} universal test and treat without innovation to improve health access is unlikely to reduce {HIV} incidence.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}ancet {HIV}}, volume = {5}, numero = {3}, pages = {{E}116--{E}125}, ISSN = {2352-3018}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30205-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072498}, } @article{fdi:010072500, title = {{I}mplementing preexposure prophylaxis among key populations : an opportunity for patient-centered services and management of hepatitis {B}}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}ecquet, {V}alentine and {M}asumbuko, {J}. {M}. and {N}ouaman, {M}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {E}holie, {S}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids}, volume = {32}, numero = {6}, pages = {829--830}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1097/qad.0000000000001749}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072500}, } @book{fdi:010076319, title = {{R}apport d'analyse de l'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}pseal - {S}aisine no17-{DSPE}-0217-1513-{D} du 3 mars 2017}, author = {{K}ermarec, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{S}ant{\'e} publique {F}rance a {\'e}t{\'e} saisie par l'{ARS} {P}rovence-{A}lpes-{C}{\^o}te d'{A}zur en mars 2017 afin d'analyser la m{\'e}thode mise en oeuvre dans l'{\'e}tude "{F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al" men{\'e}e {\`a} {F}os-sur-{M}er et {P}ort-{S}aint-{L}ouis-du-{R}h{\^o}ne et les r{\'e}sultats qui en sont issus sur les cons{\'e}quences des expositions industrielles sur la sant{\'e} des populations. {P}our r{\'e}pondre {\`a} cette saisine, {S}ant{\'e} publique {F}rance a constitu{\'e} un comit{\'e} d'appui compos{\'e} de scientifiques internes et d'experts externes {\`a} l'{A}gence. {L}es points trait{\'e}s par ce comit{\'e} ont {\'e}t{\'e} : l'analyse critique de la m{\'e}thode et des r{\'e}sultats de l'{\'e}tude ; l'apport de la dynamique participative propos{\'e}e par l'{\'e}tude. {L}'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al est une {\'e}tude participative en sant{\'e} environnement (approche dite "d'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ancr{\'e}e localement"). {E}lle a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e par une {\'e}quipe du {C}entre {N}orbert {E}lias de {M}arseille ({EHESS}, {CNRS}, {U}niversit{\'e} d'{A}vignon, {U}niversit{\'e} d'{A}ix-{M}arseille) en lien avec une {\'e}quipe am{\'e}ricaine ({C}ollege of {L}iberal {A}rts and {H}uman {S}ciences - {V}irginia {T}ech {U}niversity, {S}chool of {P}ublic {H}ealth -{U}niversity of {C}alifornia, {B}erkeley) et financ{\'e}e par un appel {\`a} projets de recherche de l'{A}nses. {L}e comit{\'e} conclut que le rapport aurait gagn{\'e} {\`a} avoir une pr{\'e}sentation claire des m{\'e}thodes utilis{\'e}es et une structuration rigoureuse s{\'e}parant les r{\'e}sultats statistiques de leur interpr{\'e}tation. {L}a comparaison des r{\'e}sultats statistiques bas{\'e}s sur les d{\'e}clarations des personnes interrog{\'e}es {\`a} des donn{\'e}es de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence r{\'e}gionales ou nationales fait appara{\^i}tre des exc{\`e}s de risque pour plusieurs pathologies au sein de l'{\'e}chantillon de populations des communes enqu{\^e}t{\'e}es. {T}outefois, le comit{\'e} a estim{\'e} que l'existence de ces exc{\`e}s et leur ampleur est limit{\'e}e par des biais de s{\'e}lection de l'{\'e}chantillon enqu{\^e}t{\'e}, les r{\'e}f{\'e}rences retenues et les m{\'e}thodes d'ajustement utilis{\'e}es. {M}algr{\'e} des faiblesses m{\'e}thodologiques, les r{\'e}sultats pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s confirment que ce territoire n{\'e}cessite une grande attention de la part des autorit{\'e}s publiques. {L}es argumentaires utilis{\'e}s pour faire le lien entre un r{\'e}sultat sanitaire (une pathologie localement observ{\'e}e en exc{\`e}s) et une cause environnementale, pr{\'e}sent{\'e}s dans l'{\'e}tude comme des "{\'e}l{\'e}ments d'analyse participative", doivent {\^e}tre consid{\'e}r{\'e}s comme des hypoth{\`e}ses {\'e}mises par les chercheurs et les populations, que des {\'e}tudes ad hoc plus pr{\'e}cises seraient en mesure de confirmer. {L}'int{\'e}r{\^e}t port{\'e} sur les maladies qui pr{\'e}occupent la population, la prise en compte de la sant{\'e} telle qu'elle est exprim{\'e}e par la population et les concertations mises en place lors de l'{\'e}tude {F}os-{E}ps{\'e}al repr{\'e}sentent les int{\'e}r{\^e}ts majeurs de cette {\'e}tude. {L}a d{\'e}marche d'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ancr{\'e}e localement, fond{\'e}e sur les perceptions et l'exp{\'e}rience des populations, appara{\^i}t compl{\'e}mentaire {\`a} l'approche de l'{\'e}pid{\'e}miologie traditionnelle. {L}a coexistence de ces deux approches est utile pour maintenir la cr{\'e}dibilit{\'e} et optimiser l'efficacit{\'e} du syst{\`e}me fran{\c{c}}ais d'alerte en sant{\'e} environnementale.}, keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENVIRONNEMENT} ; {POLLUTION} ; {EXPERTISE} ; {PARTICIPATION} {POPULAIRE} ; {ETUDE} {REGIONALE} ; {GESTION} {PARTICIPATIVE} ; {FRANCE} ; {PROVENCE} {ALPES} {COTE} {D}'{AZUR}}, address = {{S}aint-{M}aurice}, publisher = {{S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique {F}rance}, series = {{E}tudes et {E}nqu{\^e}tes}, pages = {108}, year = {2018}, ISBN = {979-10-289042-5-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076319}, } @article{fdi:010070396, title = {{L}a fin du sida est-elle en vue ?}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}abis, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}es progr{\`e}s observ{\'e}s ces dix derni{\`e}res ann{\'e}es dans le champ de la pr{\'e}vention du {VIH}, en particulier la place croissante prise par le traitement antir{\'e}troviral, ont amen{\'e} certains leaders politiques et scientifiques {\`a} {\'e}voquer la "fin du sida", {\`a} savoir un contr{\^o}le des nouvelles infections et de la mortalit{\'e} li{\'e}e au {VIH}. {D}ans cet article, nous revenons en particulier sur l'objectif de contr{\^o}le de la transmission sexuelle. {L}e traitement antir{\'e}troviral pr{\'e}coce des personnes infect{\'e}es permet de r{\'e}duire fortement la charge virale plasmatique et, par cons{\'e}quent, la probabilit{\'e} de transmettre le virus (treatment as prevention ou {T}as{P}). {D}e m{\^e}me, la prise d'antir{\'e}troviraux par des personnes non infect{\'e}es permet {\'e}galement de les pr{\'e}munir contre l'infection (prophylaxie pr{\'e}exposition ou {P}r{EP}). {L}a question aujourd'hui n'est plus de savoir quand utiliser ces m{\'e}dicaments mais comment. {U}ne strat{\'e}gie de pr{\'e}vention combin{\'e}e pourrait r{\'e}duire significativement les nouvelles infections, mais {\`a} condition d'atteindre des niveaux de mise {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle non encore atteints {\`a} ce jour. {L}'objectif de la fin du sida est atteignable, {\`a} condition de ne pas succomber aux sir{\`e}nes d'un ?tout biom{\'e}dical' et de mesurer pleinement les enjeux programmatiques, op{\'e}rationnels, sociaux, comportementaux et politiques qui nous font face.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {{E}n {A}frique, accoucher apr{\`e}s la fin de l'exceptionnalit{\'e} du {S}ida}, journal = {{F}ace {\`a} {F}ace}, numero = {{N}o sp{\'e}cial}, pages = {art. no 1160 [15 en ligne]}, ISSN = {1298-0390}, year = {2017}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070396}, } @article{fdi:010076320, title = {{L}inkage to {HIV} care after home-based {HIV} counselling and testing in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica : a systematic review}, author = {{R}uzagira, {E}. and {B}aisley, {K}. and {K}amali, {A}. and {B}iraro, {S}. and {G}rosskurth, {H}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {W}orking {G}roup on {L}inkage to {HIV} {C}are and et al.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {H}ome-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({HBHCT}) has the potential to increase {HIV} testing uptake in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica ({SSA}), but data on linkage to {HIV} care after {HBHCT} are scarce. {W}e conducted a systematic review of linkage to care after {HBHCT} in {SSA}. {M}ethods: {F}ive databases were searched for studies published between 1st {J}anuary 2000 and 19th {A}ugust 2016 that reported on linkage to care among adults newly identified with {HIV} infection through {HBHCT}. {E}ligible studies were reviewed, assessed for risk of bias and findings summarised using the {PRISMA} guidelines. {R}esults: {A} total of 14 studies from six countries met the eligibility criteria; nine used specific strategies (point-of-care {CD}4 count testing, follow-up counselling, provision of transport funds to clinic and counsellor facilitation of {HIV} clinic visit) in addition to routine referral to facilitate linkage to care. {T}ime intervals for ascertaining linkage ranged from 1week to 12months post-{HBHCT}. {L}inkage ranged from 8.2% [95% confidence interval ({CI}), 6.8-9.8%] to 99.1% (95% {CI}, 96.9-99.9%). {L}inkage was generally lower (<33%) if {HBHCT} was followed by referral only, and higher (>80%) if additional strategies were used. {O}nly one study assessed linkage by means of a randomised trial. {F}ive studies had data on cotrimoxazole ({CTX}) prophylaxis and 12 on {ART} eligibility and initiation. {CTX} uptake among those eligible ranged from 0% to 100%. {T}he proportion of persons eligible for {ART} ranged from 16.5% (95% {CI}, 12.1-21.8) to 77.8% (95% {CI}, 40.0-97.2). {ART} initiation among those eligible ranged from 14.3% (95% {CI}, 0.36-57.9%) to 94.9% (95% {CI}, 91.3-97.4%). {A}dditional linkage strategies, whilst seeming to increase linkage, were not associated with higher uptake of {CTX} and/or {ART}. {M}ost of the studies were susceptible to risk of outcome ascertainment bias. {A} pooled analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity across studies with regard to design, setting and the key variable definitions. {C}onclusion: {O}nly few studies from {SSA} investigated linkage to care among adults newly diagnosed with {HIV} through {HBHCT}. {L}inkage was often low after routine referral but higher if additional interventions were used to facilitate it. {T}he effectiveness of linkage strategies should be confirmed through randomised controlled trials.}, keywords = {{OUGANDA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ropical {M}edicine and {I}nternational {H}ealth}, volume = {22}, numero = {7}, pages = {807--821}, ISSN = {1360-2276}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1111/tmi.12888}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076320}, } @article{fdi:010072385, title = {{S}ocial and implementation research for ending {AIDS} in {A}frica}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}ow, {K}. and {B}roqua, {C}. and {A}kindes, {F}. and {B}ekelynck, {A}. and {K}one, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}ancet {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {2}, numero = {12}, pages = {{E}540--{E}540}, ISSN = {2468-2667}, year = {2017}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010072385}, } @article{fdi:010070598, title = {{R}ecours aux soins de sant{\'e} globale et de sant{\'e} sexuelle et reproductive, chez les {\'e}tudiants de l'universit{\'e} {H}ouphou{\¨e}t-{B}oigny, {A}bidjan, {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire}, author = {{I}nghels, {M}. and {C}offie, {P}.{A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{P}osition du probl{\`e}me : {E}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, peu de documents renseignent sur les besoins en sant{\'e} et les barri{\`e}res d'acc{\`e}s aux soins chez les jeunes. {C}ette {\'e}tude cherchait {\`a} mesurer et {\`a} d{\'e}crire l'offre de soins, les besoins et les freins au recours aux soins, en particulier en sant{\'e} sexuelle et reproductive, et l'acceptabilit{\'e} d'une visite m{\'e}dicale {\`a} la rentr{\'e}e universitaire, chez les {\'e}tudiants de l'universit{\'e} {H}ouphou{\¨e}t-{B}oigny, {\`a} {A}bidjan. {M}{\'e}thodes : {L}'{\'e}tude {\'e}tait une enqu{\^e}te transversale repr{\'e}sentative des {\'e}tudiants de 2e ann{\'e}e s{\'e}lectionn{\'e}s par un sondage al{\'e}atoire {\'e}quiprobable {\`a} deux degr{\'e}s. {R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 543 {\'e}tudiants (322 hommes et 221 femmes) ont {\'e}t{\'e} interrog{\'e}s (98,4 % de participation). {P}armi les {\'e}tudiantes ayant d{\'e}j{\`a} eu des relations sexuelles, 38,4 % ({IC}95 % [30,5 %-47,0 %]) avaient des besoins non satisfaits en mati{\`e}re de contraception et 31,2 % ({IC}95 % [23,7 %-40,0 %] avaient d{\'e}j{\`a} v{\'e}cu une grossesse non d{\'e}sir{\'e}e. {L}a peur d'effets ind{\'e}sirables sur la fertilit{\'e} {\'e}tait le principal motif de non utilisation des m{\'e}thodes contraceptives hormonales qui {\'e}taient les m{\'e}thodes contraceptives les plus d{\'e}sir{\'e}es chez les {\'e}tudiants. {L}es principaux probl{\`e}mes de sant{\'e} d{\'e}clar{\'e}s par les {\'e}tudiants {\'e}taient le paludisme (54,3 %), les infections respiratoires (44,6 %), les probl{\`e}mes de constipation (28,0 %) et les troubles psychologiques (25,9 %). {L}a principale barri{\`e}re d'acc{\`e}s au centre de sant{\'e} de l'universit{\'e} {\'e}tait la perception du coût {\'e}lev{\'e} de ses services malgr{\'e} leur gratuit{\'e}, ce qui traduit des probl{\`e}mes de visibilit{\'e} sur cette offre et ses prestations. {L}a majorit{\'e} des {\'e}tudiants {\'e}taient favorables {\`a} l'instauration d'une visite m{\'e}dicale lors de l'entr{\'e}e {\`a} l'universit{\'e}. {C}onclusion : {L}'instauration d'une visite m{\'e}dicale permettrait d'am{\'e}liorer la visibilit{\'e} de l'offre du centre de sant{\'e} universitaire et pourrait proposer les services suivants pour compl{\'e}ter au mieux l'offre de sant{\'e} universitaire actuelle : i) d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}, des chlamydiae et de la gonorrh{\'e}e ; ii) d{\'e}pistage et vaccination du virus h{\'e}patique {B} ; iii) mise {\`a} disposition d'information concernant les m{\'e}thodes contraceptives ; iv) pr{\'e}sentation de l'offre de sant{\'e} sur l'universit{\'e}. {L}'am{\'e}nagement d'espaces o{\`u} les {\'e}tudiants puissent avoir acc{\`e}s {\`a} une information sur certaines th{\'e}matiques de sant{\'e} (sexualit{\'e}, nutrition, d{\'e}pression) pourrait aussi compl{\'e}ter l'offre de sant{\'e} universitaire.}, keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {JEUNESSE} ; {ETUDIANT} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {CONTRACEPTION} ; {SOCIETE} {URBAINE} ; {CENTRE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {SANTE} {DE} {LA} {REPRODUCTION} ; {ACCES} {AUX} {SOINS} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ABIDJAN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue d'{E}pid{\'e}miologie et de {S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique}, volume = {65}, numero = {5}, pages = {369--379}, ISSN = {0398-7620}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.1016/j.respe.2017.04.059}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070598}, } @article{fdi:010070398, title = {{L}e {F}onds mondial : un bailleur comme les autres ? {L}'exemple de la {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire}, author = {{B}ekelynck, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}asumbuko, {J}.{M}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {AIDE} {AU} {DEVELOPPEMENT} ; {COOPERATION} {INTERNATIONALE} ; {FINANCEMENT} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ransversal}, volume = {19 sept.}, numero = {}, pages = {[en ligne]}, ISSN = {2391-7385}, year = {2016}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070398}, } @article{fdi:010076321, title = {{M}en, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{C}hikovore, {J}. and {G}illepsie, {N}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}agaon {T}eyssier, {L}uis and {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} {S}tudy {G}roup and et al.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}en's poorer engagement with healthcare generally and {HIV} care specifically, compared to women, is well-described. {W}ithin the {HIV} public health domain, interest is growing in universal test and treat ({UTT}) strategies. {UTT} strategies refer to the expansion of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in order to reduce onward transmission and incidence of {HIV} in a population, through a treatment as prevention ({T}as{P}). {T}his paper focuses on how masculinity influences engagement with {HIV} care in the context of an on-going {T}as{P} trial. {D}ata were collected in {J}anuary-{N}ovember 2013 using 20 in-depth interviews, 10 of them repeated thrice, and 4 focus group discussions, each repeated four times. {A}nalysis combined inductive and deductive approaches for coding and the review and consolidation of emerging themes. {T}he accounts detailed men's unwillingness to engage with {HIV} testing and care, seemingly tied to their pursuit of valued masculinity constructs such as having strength and control, being sexually competent, and earning income. {A}rticulated through fears regarding getting an {HIV}-positive diagnosis, observations that men preferred traditional medicine and that primary health centres were not welcoming to men, descriptions that men used lay measures to ascertain {HIV} status, and insinuations by men that they were removed from {HIV} risk, the indisposition to {HIV} care contrasted markedly with an apparent readiness to test among women. {G}endered tensions thus emerged which were amplified in the context where valued masculinity representations were constantly threatened. {A}mid the tensions, men struggled with disclosing their {HIV} status, and used various strategies to avoid or postpone disclosing, or disclose indirectly, while women's ability to access care readily, use condoms, or communicate about {HIV} appeared similarly curtailed. {UTT} and {T}as{P} promotion should heed and incorporate into policy and health service delivery models the intrapersonal tensions, and the conflict, and poor and indirect communication at the micro-relational levels of couples and families.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS} {C}are.{P}sychological and {S}ociomedical {A}spects of {AIDS}/{HIV}}, volume = {28}, numero = {{S}uppl. 3}, pages = {74--82}, ISSN = {0954-0121}, year = {2016}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076321}, } @article{fdi:010069478, title = {{T}he impact of universal test and treat on {HIV} incidence in a rural {S}outh {A}frican population : {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial, 2012-2016}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}. and {O}me-{G}liemann, {J}. and {B}alestre, {E}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {M}akowa, {T}. and {D}reyer, {J}. and {H}erbst, {K}. and {G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {O}liveira, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {A}nrs 12249 {T}asp {S}tudy {G}roup}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {19}, numero = {5}, pages = {{FRAC}0105{LB}}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2016}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010069478}, } @article{fdi:010068181, title = {{U}ptake of home-based hiv testing, linkage to care, and community attitudes about art in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : descriptive results from the first phase of the anrs 12249 tasp cluster-randomised trial}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}. {C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}kesola, {N}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {T}hiebaut, {R}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {D}abis, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground {T}he 2015 {WHO} recommendation of antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) for all immediately following {HIV} diagnosis is partially based on the anticipated impact on {HIV} incidence in the surrounding population. {W}e investigated this approach in a cluster-randomised trial in a high {HIV} prevalence setting in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal. {W}e present findings from the first phase of the trial and report on uptake of home-based {HIV} testing, linkage to care, uptake of {ART}, and community attitudes about {ART}. {M}ethods and {F}indings {B}etween 9 {M}arch 2012 and 22 {M}ay 2014, five clusters in the intervention arm (immediate {ART} offered to all {HIV}-positive adults) and five clusters in the control arm ({ART} offered according to national guidelines, i.e., {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l) contributed to the first phase of the trial. {H}ouseholds were visited every 6 mo. {F}ollowing informed consent and administration of a study questionnaire, each resident adult (>= 16 y) was asked for a finger-prick blood sample, which was used to estimate {HIV} prevalence, and offered a rapid {HIV} test using a serial {HIV} testing algorithm. {A}ll {HIV}-positive adults were referred to the trial clinic in their cluster. {T}hose not linked to care 3 mo after identification were contacted by a linkage-to-care team. {S}tudy procedures were not blinded. {I}n all, 12,894 adults were registered as eligible for participation (5,790 in intervention arm; 7,104 in control arm), of whom 9,927 (77.0%) were contacted at least once during household visits. {HIV} status was ever ascertained for a total of 8,233/9,927 (82.9%), including 2,569 ascertained as {HIV}-positive (942 tested {HIV}-positive and 1,627 reported a known {HIV}-positive status). {O}f the 1,177 {HIV}-positive individuals not previously in care and followed for at least 6 mo in the trial, 559 (47.5%) visited their cluster trial clinic within 6 mo. {I}n the intervention arm, 89% (194/218) initiated {ART} within 3 mo of their first clinic visit. {I}n the control arm, 42.3%(83/196) had a {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l at first visit, of whom 92.8% initiated {ART} within 3 mo. {R}egarding attitudes about {ART}, 93% (8,802/9,460) of participants agreed with the statement that they would want to start {ART} as soon as possible if {HIV}-positive. {E}stimated baseline {HIV} prevalence was 30.5%(2,028/6,656) (95% {CI} 25.0%, 37.0%). {HIV} prevalence, uptake of home-based {HIV} testing, linkage to care within 6 mo, and initiation of {ART} within 3 mo in those with {CD}4 count <= 350 cells/mu l did not differ significantly between the intervention and control clusters. {S}election bias related to noncontact could not be entirely excluded. {C}onclusions {H}ome-based {HIV} testing was well received in this rural population, although men were less easily contactable at home; immediate {ART} was acceptable, with good viral suppression and retention. {H}owever, only about half of {HIV}-positive people accessed care within 6 mo of being identified, with nearly two-thirds accessing care by 12 mo. {T}he observed delay in linkage to care would limit the individual and public health {ART} benefits of universal testing and treatment in this population.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}los {M}edicine}, volume = {13}, numero = {8}, pages = {art. e1002107 [18 ]}, ISSN = {1549-1676}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002107}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068181}, } @article{fdi:010067746, title = {{C}ommunity perceptions of repeat {HIV}-testing : experiences of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {C}hikovore, {J}. and {G}illespie, {N}. and {G}rant, {M}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n the context of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment as {P}revention ({T}as{P}) trial, we investigated perceptions of regular and repeat {HIV}-testing in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal ({S}outh {A}frica), an area of very high {HIV} prevalence and incidence. {W}e conducted two qualitative studies, before (2010) and during the early implementation stages of the trial (2013-2014), to appreciate the evolution in community perceptions of repeat {HIV}-testing over this period of rapid changes in {HIV}-testing and treatment approaches. {R}epeated focus group discussions were organized with young adults, older adults and mixed groups. {R}epeat and regular {HIV}-testing was overall well perceived before, and well received during, trial implementation. {Y}et community members were not able to articulate reasons why people might want to test regularly or repeatedly, apart from individual sexual risk-taking. {R}epeat home-based {HIV}-testing was considered as feasible and convenient, and described as more acceptable than clinic-based {HIV}-testing, mostly because of privacy and confidentiality. {H}owever, socially regulated discourses around appropriate sexual behaviour and perceptions of stigma and prejudice regarding {HIV} and sexual risk-taking were consistently reported. {T}his study suggests several avenues to improve {HIV}-testing acceptability, including implementing diverse and personalised approaches to {HIV}-testing and care, and providing opportunities for antiretroviral therapy initiation and care at home.}, keywords = {{S}outh {A}frica ; {HIV} ; testing ; community ; {UTT} ; treatment as prevention ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv}, volume = {28}, numero = {3}, pages = {14--23}, ISSN = {0954-0121}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1164805}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067746}, } @article{fdi:010067745, title = {"{I}t is better to die": experiences of traditional health practitioners within the {HIV} treatment as prevention trial communities in rural {S}outh {A}frica ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial)}, author = {{M}oshabela, {M}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}c{G}rath, {N}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica uses a test and treat approach. {H}ome-based testing services and antiretroviral treatment initiation satellite clinics were implemented in every cluster as part of the trial. {A} social science research agenda was nested within {T}as{P} with the aim of understanding the social, economic and contextual factors that affect individuals, households, communities and health systems with respect to {T}as{P}. {C}onsidering the rural nature of the trial setting, we sought to understand community perceptions and experiences of the {T}as{P} {T}rial interventions as seen through the eyes of traditional health practitioners ({THP}s). {A} qualitative study design was adopted using four repeat focus group discussions conducted with nine {THP}s, combined with community walks and photo-voice techniques, over a period of 18 months. {A} descriptive, interpretive and explanatory approach to analysis was adopted. {F}indings indicate that {THP}s engaged with the home-based testing services and {HIV} clinics established for {T}as{P}. {S}pecifically, home-based testing services were perceived as relatively successful in increasing access to {HIV} testing. {A} major gap observed by {THP}s was linkage to {HIV} clinics. {M}ost of their clients, and some of the {THP}s themselves, found it difficult to use {HIV} clinics due to fear of labelling, stigma and discrimination, and the ensuing personal implications of unsolicited disclosure. {O}n the one hand, a growing number of patients diagnosed with {HIV} have found sanctuary with {THP}s as alternatives to clinics. {O}n the other hand, {THP}s in turn have been struggling to channel patients suspected of {HIV} into clinics through referrals. {T}herefore, acceptability of the {T}as{P} test and treat approach by {THP}s is a major boost to the intervention, but further success can be achieved through strengthened ties with communities to combat stigma and effectively link patients into {HIV} care, including partnerships with {THP}s themselves.}, keywords = {{HIV} testing ; antiretroviral treatment ; treatment-as-prevention ; traditional healers ; {HIV} stigma ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv}, volume = {28}, numero = {3}, pages = {24--32}, ISSN = {0954-0121}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1181296}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067745}, } @article{fdi:010067744, title = {{F}actors associated with antiretroviral treatment initiation amongst {HIV}-positive individuals linked to care within a universal test and treat programme : early findings of the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{B}oyer, {S}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {G}osset, {A}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {P}lazy, {M}. and {S}pire, {B}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}rompt uptake of antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) is essential to ensure the success of universal test and treat ({UTT}) strategies to prevent {HIV} transmission in high-prevalence settings. {W}e describe {ART} initiation rates and associated factors within an ongoing {UTT} cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {HIV}-positive individuals were offered immediate {ART} in the intervention arm vs. national guidelines recommended initiation ({CD}4350cells/mm(3)) in the control arm. {W}e used data collected up to {J}uly 2015 among the {ART}-eligible individuals linked to {T}as{P} clinics before {J}anuary 2015. {ART} initiation rates at one ({M}1), three ({M}3) and six months ({M}6) from baseline visit were described by cluster and {CD}4 count strata (cells/mm(3)) and other eligibility criteria: 100; 100-200; 200-350; {CD}4>350 with {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy; {CD}4>350 without {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy. {A} {C}ox model accounting for covariate effect changes over time was used to assess factors associated with {ART} initiation. {T}he 514 participants had a median [interquartile range] follow-up duration of 1.08 [0.69; 2.07] months until {ART} initiation or last visit. {ART} initiation rates at {M}1 varied substantially (36.9% in the group {CD}4>350 without {WHO} stage 3/4 or pregnancy, and 55.2-71.8% in the three groups with {CD}4350) but less at {M}6 (from 85.3% in the first group to 96.1-98.3% in the three other groups). {F}actors associated with lower {ART} initiation at {M}1 were a higher {CD}4 count and attending clinics with both high patient load and higher cluster {HIV} prevalence. {A}fter {M}1, having a regular partner was the only factor associated with higher likelihood of {ART} initiation. {T}hese findings suggest good {ART} uptake within a {UTT} setting, even among individuals with high {CD}4 count. {H}owever, inadequate staffing and healthcare professional practices could result in prioritizing {ART} initiation in patients with the lowest {CD}4 counts.}, keywords = {{HIV} infection ; universal test and treat strategy ; early antiretroviral treatment ; {T}as{P} trial ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids {C}are : {P}sychological and {S}ocio-{M}edical {A}spects of {A}ids/{H}iv}, volume = {28}, numero = {3}, pages = {39--51}, ISSN = {0954-0121}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1080/09540121.2016.1164808}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067744}, } @article{fdi:010067346, title = {{L}es hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec d'autres hommes ({HSH}) et l'infection {\`a} {VIH} {\`a} {O}uagadougou, {B}urkina {F}aso : connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et enqu{\^e}te de s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence [+ {E}rratum, 1 p.]}, author = {{D}ah, {T}.{T}.{E} and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {G}uiard-{S}chmid, {J}.{B}. and {B}ecquet, {R}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}osition du probl{\`e}me : {A} l'instar de plusieurs pays africains, la question des rapports sexuels entre hommes au {B}urkina {F}aso reste taboue et est parfois cause d'exclusion sociale. {C}ette population qui est vuln{\'e}rable face au {VIH} sida est m{\'e}connue, car n'ayant pas souvent fait l'objet d'exploration scientifique. {O}bjectif : {L}'objectif de notre {\'e}tude {\'e}tait de caract{\'e}riser les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques sexuelles et d'estimer la s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence du {VIH} parmi les {HSH} {\`a} {O}uagadougou. {M}{\'e}thodes : {U}ne {\'e}tude transversale {\`a} vis{\'e}e descriptive et analytique a {\'e}t{\'e} conduite aupr{\`e}s de {HSH} r{\'e}sidant {\`a} {O}uagadougou recrut{\'e}s par la technique de « boule de neige », âg{\'e}s d'au moins 18 ans et acceptant de participer {\`a} l'{\'e}tude. {L}es donn{\'e}es ont {\'e}t{\'e} recueillies par un questionnaire administr{\'e} en face-{\`a}-face par deux enqu{\^e}teurs form{\'e}s. {L}e test de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH} a {\'e}t{\'e} syst{\'e}matiquement propos{\'e} aux enqu{\^e}t{\'e}s. {R}{\'e}sultats : {A}u total, 142 {HSH} ont {\'e}t{\'e} recrut{\'e}s durant la p{\'e}riode d'{\'e}tude. {L}'{\'e}chantillon {\'e}tait constitu{\'e} {\`a} majorit{\'e} d'{\'e}l{\`e}ves ou d'{\'e}tudiants (60,8 %), de c{\'e}libataires (91 %) avec un âge compris entre 18 et 30 ans (96,5 %). {L}e score m{\'e}dian de connaissance vis-{\`a}-vis du {VIH} {\'e}tait de 8/10. {L}a s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence du {VIH} {\'e}tait estim{\'e}e {\`a} 8,9 % (4,5-15,4). {C}onclusion : {N}otre {\'e}tude confirme la vuln{\'e}rabilit{\'e} des {HSH} de {O}uagadougou vis-{\`a}-vis du {VIH} vu la s{\'e}ropr{\'e}valence {\'e}lev{\'e}e de l'infection par le {VIH}. {D}es interventions cibl{\'e}es de pr{\'e}vention, de prise en charge et de recherche scientifique s'imposent aux autorit{\'e}s afin de p{\'e}renniser les acquis nationaux de la lutte contre le {VIH} sida.}, keywords = {{COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {POPULATION} {URBAINE} ; {EXCLUSION} {SOCIALE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {OUAGADOUGOU}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue d'{E}pid{\'e}miologie et de {S}ant{\'e} {P}ublique}, volume = {64}, numero = {4}, pages = {295--300 [+ {E}rratum, 1 p.]}, ISSN = {0398-7620}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1016/j.respe.2016.02.008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067346}, } @article{fdi:010067564, title = {{F}aisabilit{\'e} et repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e} d'une enqu{\^e}te t{\'e}l{\'e}phonique avec {\'e}chantillonnage al{\'e}atoire de lignes mobiles en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}assoum, {O}. and {K}akou, {E}. and {F}radier, {Y}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {G}roupe {DOD}-{CI} {ANRS} 12 287}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{C}et article pr{\'e}sente les r{\'e}sultats d'une enqu{\^e}te exploratoire pilote sur le d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}/sida ({DOD}-{CI}) visant {\`a} tester la faisabilit{\'e} et la repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e} d'une enqu{\^e}te nationale en population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire {\`a} partir d'un {\'e}chantillon al{\'e}atoire de num{\'e}ros de t{\'e}l{\'e}phones portables. {L}es refus ont {\'e}t{\'e} peu nombreux et inf{\'e}rieurs {\`a} ce qui est habituellement observ{\'e} dans des enqu{\^e}tes similaires en {F}rance. {E}n termes de repr{\'e}sentativit{\'e}, l'{\'e}chantillon obtenu s'av{\`e}re {\^e}tre plus jeune, plus urbain et plus masculin. {N}ous avons compar{\'e} quatre indicateurs de d{\'e}pistage du {VIH}/sida avec l'{E}nqu{\^e}te d{\'e}mographique et de sant{\'e} ({EDS}) r{\'e}alis{\'e}e en 2011-2012. {D}u fait de biais de s{\'e}lection diff{\'e}rents dans les deux enqu{\^e}tes, les indicateurs {\'e}taient plus {\'e}lev{\'e}s que ceux observ{\'e}s dans l'{EDS} 2011-2012. {C}ependant, les diff{\'e}rentiels observ{\'e}s par sexe, groupe d'âges, niveau d'instruction et milieu de r{\'e}sidence {\'e}taient similaires. {I}l para{\^i}t d{\`e}s lors envisageable de r{\'e}aliser une enqu{\^e}te nationale en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire selon cette approche, en op{\'e}rant plusieurs ajustements, dont la prise en compte des non-abonn{\'e}s {\`a} des t{\'e}l{\'e}phones mobiles r{\'e}sidant dans le m{\^e}me m{\'e}nage qu'un abonn{\'e}.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}opulation}, volume = {71}, numero = {1}, pages = {123--134}, ISSN = {0032-4663}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.3917/popu.1601.0121}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067564}, } @article{fdi:010067565, title = {{F}easibility and representativeness of a random sample mobile phone survey in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {K}assoum, {O}. and {K}akou, {E}. and {F}radier, {Y}. and {S}ika, {L}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {G}roupe {DOD}-{CI} {ANRS} 12 287 and {D}utreuilh, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}his short paper presents the results of an exploratory pilot survey on {HIV}-{AIDS} screening ({DOD}-{CI}) conducted in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire to test the feasibility and representativeness of a national general population survey based on a random sample of mobile phone numbers. {T}he refusal rate was low, and below the levels habitually observed for similar surveys conducted in {F}rance. {I}n terms of representativeness, the sample obtained was younger, more urban and more masculine than the population in general. {F}our {HIV}-{AIDS} screening indicators were compared with those obtained in the {D}emographic and {H}ealth survey ({DHS}) conducted in 2011-2012. {O}wing to differences in selection biases affecting the two surveys, the indicators were higher than those observed in the {DHS} 2011-2012. {H}owever, the differences observed by sex, age group, level of education and place of residence were similar. {T}his confirms the feasibility of applying such an approach for a national survey in {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, providing that several adjustments are made, such as including non-subscribers living in the same household as a mobile phone subscriber.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}opulation {E}nglish {E}dition}, volume = {71}, numero = {1}, pages = {119--129}, ISSN = {0032-4663}, year = {2016}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067565}, } @article{fdi:010067455, title = {{A}ccess to {HIV} care in the context of universal test and treat : challenges within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica [+ supplementary files]}, author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {E}l {F}arouki, {K}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {L}ert, {F}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ntroduction : {W}e aimed to quantify and identify associated factors of linkage to {HIV} care following home-based {HIV} counselling and testing ({HBHCT}) in the ongoing {ANRS} 12249 treatment-as-prevention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomized trial in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica. {M}ethods : {I}ndividuals ?16 years were offered {HBHCT}; those who were identified {HIV} positive were referred to cluster-based {T}as{P} clinics and offered antiretroviral treatment ({ART}) immediately (five clusters) or according to national guidelines (five clusters). {HIV} care was also available in the local {D}epartment of {H}ealth ({D}o{H}) clinics. {L}inkage to {HIV} care was defined as {T}as{P} or {D}o{H} clinic attendance within three months of referral among adults not in {HIV} care at referral. {A}ssociated factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for trial arm. {R}esults : {O}verall, 1323 {HIV}-positive adults (72.9% women) not in {HIV} care at referral were included, of whom 36.9% (n=488) linked to care <3 months of referral (similar by sex). {I}n adjusted analyses (n=1222), individuals who had never been in {HIV} care before referral were significantly less likely to link to care than those who had previously been in care (<33% vs. >42%, p<0.001). {L}inkage to care was lower in students (adjusted odds-ratio [a{OR}]=0.47; 95% confidence interval [{CI}] 0.24-0.92) than in employed adults, in adults who completed secondary school (a{OR}=0.68; {CI} 0.49-0.96) or at least some secondary school (a{OR}=0.59; {CI} 0.41-0.84) versus ? primary school, in those who lived at 1 to 2 km (a{OR}=0.58; {CI} 0.44-0.78) or 2-5 km from the nearest {T}as{P} clinic (a{OR}=0.57; {CI} 0.41-0.77) versus <1 km, and in those who were referred to clinic after ?2 contacts (a{OR}=0.75; {CI} 0.58-0.97) versus those referred at the first contact. {L}inkage to care was higher in adults who reported knowing an {HIV}-positive family member (a{OR}=1.45; {CI} 1.12-1.86) versus not, and in those who said that they would take {ART} as soon as possible if they were diagnosed {HIV} positive (a{OR}=2.16; {CI} 1.13-4.10) versus not. {C}onclusions : {F}ewer than 40% of {HIV}-positive adults not in care at referral were linked to {HIV} care within three months of {HBHCT} in the {T}as{P} trial. {A}chieving universal test and treat coverage will require innovative interventions to support linkage to {HIV} care.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {AIDS} {S}ociety}, volume = {19}, numero = {1}, pages = {art. 20913 [12 + annexes, 9 p.]}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.7448/{IAS}.19.1.20913}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067455}, } @article{fdi:010067180, title = {{E}valuation of geospatial methods to generate subnational {HIV} prevalence estimates for local level planning [consise communication]}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}here is evidence of substantial subnational variation in the {HIV} epidemic. {H}owever, robust spatial {HIV} data are often only available at high levels of geographic aggregation and not at the finer resolution needed for decision making. {T}herefore, spatial analysis methods that leverage available data to provide local estimates of {HIV} prevalence may be useful. {S}uch methods exist but have not been formally compared when applied to {HIV}. {D}esign/methods: {S}ix candidate methods – including those used by the {J}oint {U}nited {N}ations {P}rogramme on {HIV}/{AIDS} to generate maps and a {B}ayesian geostatistical approach applied to other diseases – were used to generate maps and subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence across three countries using cluster level data from household surveys. {T}wo approaches were used to assess the accuracy of predictions: internal validation, whereby a proportion of input data is held back (test dataset) to challenge predictions; and comparison with location-specific data from household surveys in earlier years. {R}esults: {E}ach of the methods can generate usefully accurate predictions of prevalence at unsampled locations, with the magnitude of the error in predictions similar across approaches. {H}owever, the {B}ayesian geostatistical approach consistently gave marginally the strongest statistical performance across countries and validation procedures. {C}onclusions: {A}vailable methods may be able to furnish estimates of {HIV} prevalence at finer spatial scales than the data currently allow. {T}he subnational variation revealed can be integrated into planning to ensure responsiveness to the spatial features of the epidemic. {T}he {B}ayesian geostatistical approach is a promising strategy for integrating {HIV} data to generate robust local estimates.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ids}, volume = {30}, numero = {9}, pages = {1467--1474}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000001075}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067180}, } @article{fdi:010066573, title = {{S}trengthening universal {HIV} 'test-and-treat' approaches with social science research}, author = {{C}amlin, {C}.{S}. and {S}eeley, {J}. and {V}iljoen, {L}. and {V}ernooij, {E}. and {S}imwinga, {M}. and {R}eynolds, {L}. and {R}eis, {R}. and {P}lank, {R}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {H}oddinott, {G}. and {G}etahun, {M}. and {C}harlebois, {E}.{D}. and {B}ond, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{S}trengthening universal {HIV} 'test-and-treat' approaches with social science research {T}he recent publication of new {WHO} guidelines, including a call for antiretroviral therapy for everyone diagnosed with {HIV} regardless of {CD}4 þ cell count and preexposure prophylaxis for people at substantial risk of {HIV} infection [1], marks an important moment for taking stock of what will be needed to take biomedical {HIV} prevention approaches to scale, and sustain them. {A}s the author of a recent editorial in {T}he {L}ancet [2] observes, these guidelines are 'welcome but ambitious. [.. .] {N}o studies exist that address how such a strategy can be executed on a global scale' (p. 1420). {W}e, a multidisciplinary group of social scientists working as part of five large-scale 'universal test-and-treat' ({UTT}) trials being implemented across six {A}frican countries, would argue that successful large-scale expansion of treatment and preexposure prophylaxis will require an indepth understanding of the heterogeneous community and health systems' contexts of the rollout.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS}}, volume = {30}, numero = {6}, pages = {969--970}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2016}, DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000001008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066573}, } @article{fdi:010070399, title = {{D}{\'e}pistage du {VIH} en {A}frique : enjeux actuels}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{VIH}.org [blog]}, volume = {24 sept.}, numero = {}, pages = {[en ligne]}, year = {2015}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070399}, } @article{fdi:010066646, title = {{L}es h{\'e}patites virales {B} et {C} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire : l'urgence d'une dynamisation de la lutte}, author = {{E}nel, {C}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {N}'{D}ri {Y}oman, {T}. and {D}anel, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{E}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, malgr{\'e} une pr{\'e}valence d'environ 12% du {VHB} et 5% du {VHC}, le d{\'e}pistage et la prise en charge des h{\'e}patites virales {B} et {C} demeurent tr{\`e}s limit{\'e}s. {U}ne {\'e}tude qualitative a {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}e en 2013 {\`a} {A}bidjan pour {\'e}valuer les modalit{\'e}s de d{\'e}pistage et de prise en charge de ces infections. {L}es r{\'e}sultats r{\'e}v{\`e}lent la m{\'e}connaissance des h{\'e}patites tant dans la population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale que parmi les soignants non sp{\'e}cialistes. {L}'offre et la demande de d{\'e}pistage sont restreintes et la formation insuffisante du personnel de sant{\'e} engendre des occasions manqu{\'e}es. {S}euls les donneurs de sang sont syst{\'e}matiquement d{\'e}pist{\'e}s, mais la pr{\'e}vention par la vaccination et la prise en charge sont peu effectives, faute de moyens financiers. {O}fficiellement, les traitements sont disponibles, mais inaccessibles du fait de leur coût {\'e}lev{\'e}, en l'absence de couverture maladie universelle. {L}e {P}rogramme {N}ational de {L}utte contre les {H}{\'e}patites {V}irales, cr{\'e}{\'e} en 2008, ne dispose pas du budget n{\'e}cessaire pour pratiquer d{\'e}pistage, prise en charge, pr{\'e}vention et campagnes de sensibilisation. {L}'absence de mobilisation financi{\`e}re internationale, comme celle qu'a connue l'{\'e}pid{\'e}mie de {VIH}, est v{\'e}cue comme une injustice, tant par les m{\'e}decins sp{\'e}cialis{\'e}s qui ont les comp{\'e}tences pour traiter la maladie mais pas les moyens de les mettre au service des patients, que par les personnes porteuses d'une h{\'e}patite chronique {B} et/ou {C}. {I}l appara{\^i}t donc urgent de dynamiser et renforcer la lutte contre les h{\'e}patites {B} et {C} en {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire.}, keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal {A}fricain d'{H}{\'e}pato-{G}astroent{\'e}rologie}, volume = {9}, numero = {3}, pages = {94--98}, ISSN = {1954-3204}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1007/s12157-015-0596-6}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066646}, } @article{fdi:010064887, title = {{E}ntry into care following universal home-based {HIV} testing in rural {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : the {ANRS} {T}as{P} 12249 cluster-randomized trial}, author = {{P}lazy, {M}. and {E}l{F}arouki, {K}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {18}, numero = {{S}uppl. 4}, pages = {78--79}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.7448/ias.18.5.20409}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064887}, } @article{fdi:010064888, title = {{D}oes a universal test and treat strategy impact {ART} adherence in rural {S}outh {A}frica ? {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} cluster-randomized trial}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {C}almy, {A}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {P}illay, {D}. and {P}orter, {K}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of the {I}nternational {A}ids {S}ociety}, volume = {18}, numero = {{S}uppl. 4}, pages = {16--17}, ISSN = {1758-2652}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.7448/ias.18.5.20340}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064888}, } @article{fdi:010064170, title = {{P}articipation dynamics in population-based longitudinal {HIV} surveillance in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {M}ossong, {J}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {N}ewell, {M}. {L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}opulation-based {HIV} surveillance is crucial to inform understanding of the {HIV} pandemic and evaluate {HIV} interventions, but little is known about longitudinal participation patterns in such settings. {W}e investigated the dynamics of longitudinal participation patterns in a high {HIV} prevalence surveillance setting in rural {S}outh {A}frica between 2003 and 2012, taking into account demographic dynamics. {A}t any given survey round, 22,708 to 30,495 persons were eligible. {A}lthough the yearly participation rates were relatively modest (26% to 46%), cumulative rates increased substantially with multiple recruitment opportunities: 68% of eligible persons participated at least once, 48% at least twice and 31% at least three times after five survey rounds. {W}e identified two types of study fatigue: at the individual level, contact and consent rates decreased with multiple recruitment opportunities and, at the population level, these rates also decreased over calendar time, independently of multiple recruitment opportunities. {U}sing sequence analysis and hierarchical clustering, we identified three broad individual participation profiles: consenters (20%), switchers (43%) and refusers (37%). {M}en were over represented among refusers, women among consenters, and temporary non-residents among switchers. {T}he specific subgroup of persons who were systemically not contacted or refusers constitutes a challenge for population-based surveillance and interventions.}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}los {O}ne}, volume = {10}, numero = {4}, pages = {e0123345 [16 ]}, ISSN = {1932-6203}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0123345}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064170}, } @article{fdi:010063987, title = {{A}ddressing social issues in a universal {HIV} test and treat intervention trial ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P}) in {S}outh {A}frica : methods for appraisal}, author = {{O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}oyer, {S}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {M}c{G}rath, {N}. and {B}arnighausen, {T}. and {Z}uma, {T}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {S}pire, {B}. and {R}ochat, {T}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}he {U}niversal {HIV} {T}est and {T}reat ({UTT}) strategy represents a challenge for science, but is also a challenge for individuals and societies. {A}re repeated offers of provider-initiated {HIV} testing and immediate antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) socially-acceptable and can these become normalized over time? {C}an {UTT} be implemented without potentially adding to individual and community stigma, or threatening individual rights? {W}hat are the social, cultural and economic implications of {UTT} for households and communities? {A}nd can {UTT} be implemented within capacity constraints and other threats to the overall provision of {HIV} services? {T}he answers to these research questions will be critical for routine implementation of {UTT} strategies. {M}ethods/design: {A} social science research programme is nested within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}reatment-as-{P}revention ({T}as{P}) cluster-randomised trial in rural {S}outh {A}frica. {T}he programme aims to inform understanding of the (i) social, economic and environmental factors affecting uptake of services at each step of the continuum of {HIV} prevention, treatment and care and (ii) the causal impacts of the {T}as{P} intervention package on social and economic factors at the individual, household, community and health system level. {W}e describe a multidisciplinary, multi-level, mixed-method research protocol that includes individual, household, community and clinic surveys, and combines quantitative and qualitative methods. {D}iscussion: {T}he {UTT} strategy is changing the overall approach to {HIV} prevention, treatment and care, and substantial social consequences may be anticipated, such as changes in social representations of {HIV} transmission, prevention, {HIV} testing and {ART} use, as well as changes in individual perceptions and behaviours in terms of uptake and frequency of {HIV} testing and {ART} initiation at high {CD}4. {T}riangulation of social science studies within the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} trial will provide comprehensive insights into the acceptability and feasibility of the {T}as{P} intervention package at individual, community, patient and health system level, to complement the trial's clinical and epidemiological outcomes. {I}t will also increase understanding of the causal impacts of {UTT} on social and economic outcomes, which will be critical for the long-term sustainability and routine {UTT} implementation.}, keywords = {{HIV} infections ; {HIV} testing ; {C}ommunity ; {HIV} care ; {A}ntiretroviral treatment ; {S}ocial ; {B}ehaviour ; {C}ost ; {S}outh {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{B}mc {P}ublic {H}ealth}, volume = {15}, numero = {}, pages = {art. 209 [14 p.]}, ISSN = {1471-2458}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1186/s12889-015-1344-y}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063987}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010070397, title = {{D}{\'e}pistage et traitement universel : enjeux et {\'e}tat de la recherche}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {SIDA} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {ESSAI} {CLINIQUE} ; {PROGRAMME} {DE} {RECHERCHE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {AFRIQUE} {AUSTRALE}}, numero = {}, pages = {55--62}, booktitle = {{L}es nouveaux enjeux de la pr{\'e}vention combin{\'e}e du {VIH}/sida : des apports scientifiques aux pratiques de terrain}, year = {2015}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070397}, } @article{fdi:010063533, title = {{A}ppr{\'e}hender la structure {\'e}co-d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages {\`a} partir d'enqu{\^e}tes {\'e}conomiques : l'exemple des {E}nqu{\^e}tes sur les {D}{\'e}penses des {M}{\'e}nages 2008}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {C}oulibaly, {S}. and {K}oriko, {O}. and {F}all, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}ieu premier de socialisation des individus, le m{\'e}nage constitue une dimension essentielle {\`a} la compr{\'e}hension des changements {\`a} l'oeuvre dans les soci{\'e}t{\'e}s africaines. {U}ne description fine de la structure d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages n{\'e}cessite des dispositifs de collecte complexes et coûteux. {C}ependant, m{\^e}me avec des enqu{\^e}tes dont la finalit{\'e} premi{\`e}re n'est pas l'analyse d{\'e}mographique des m{\'e}nages, il est d{\'e}j{\`a} possible de dresser un panorama de leur diversit{\'e}. {D}ans cet article, en partant des {E}nqu{\^e}tes sur les {D}{\'e}penses des {M}{\'e}nages men{\'e}es en 2008 dans les capitales de l'{UEMOA}, nous montrons comment il est possible de tirer parti de la variable ?dispose d'un revenu mon{\'e}taire? pour construire une typologie « {\'e}co-d{\'e}mographique » des m{\'e}nages, rendant compte de leur taille et de leur structure de d{\'e}pendance et permettant de traduire la diversit{\'e} des situations rencontr{\'e}es par les familles usuellement class{\'e}es comme « {\'e}largies ».}, keywords = {{ABIDJAN} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {BAMAKO} ; {MALI} ; {BISSAU} ; {GUINEE} {BISSAU} ; {COTONOU} ; {BENIN} ; {DAKAR} ; {SENEGAL} ; {LOME} ; {TOGO} ; {NIAMEY} ; {NIGER} ; {OUAGADOUGOU} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}tat{\'e}co}, volume = {108}, numero = {}, pages = {75--97}, ISSN = {0224-098{X}}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063533}, } @article{fdi:010063442, title = {{HIV} ascertainment through repeat home-based testing in the context of a treatment as prevention trial ({ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P}) in rural {S}outh {A}frica}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}alestre, {E}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {I}wuji, {C}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {L}ert, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {METHODE} {DE} {LUTTE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {DEPISTAGE} ; {TEST} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {COMMUNAUTE} {VILLAGEOISE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS} {R}esearch and {H}uman {R}etroviruses}, volume = {30}, numero = {{S}uppl. 1}, pages = {{A}287}, ISSN = {1931-8405}, year = {2014}, DOI = {10.1089/aid.2014.5650.abstract}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063442}, } @article{fdi:010063252, title = {{HIV} estimates at second subnational level from national population-bases surveys}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {B}endaud, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjectives:{A} better understanding of the subnational variations could be paramount to the efficiency and effectiveness of the response to the {HIV} epidemic. {T}he purpose of this study is to describe the methodology used to produce the first estimates at second subnational level released by {UNAIDS}. {M}ethods:{W}e selected national population-based surveys with {HIV} testing and survey clusters geolocation, conducted in 2008 or later. {A} kernel density estimation approach (prev{R}) with adaptive bandwidths was used to generate a surface of {HIV} prevalence. {T}his surface was combined with {L}and{S}can global population distribution grid to estimate the spatial distribution of people living with {HIV} ({PLWHIV}). {F}inally, results were adjusted to national {UNAIDS}'s published estimates and merged per second subnational administrative unit. {A}n indicator of the quality of the estimates was computed for each administrative unit. {R}esults:{T}hese estimates combine two complementary approaches: the prev{R} method, focusing on spatial variations of {HIV} prevalence, as well as national estimates published by {UNAIDS}, taking into account trends of {HIV} prevalence over time. {S}eventeen country reports have been produced. {H}owever, quality of the estimates at second subnational level is highly heterogonous between countries, depending on the number of units and the survey sampling size. {I}n some countries, estimates at second subnational level are very uncertain and should be interpreted with caution. {C}onclusion:{T}hese estimates at second subnational level constitute a first step to help countries to better understand their {HIV} epidemic and to inform programming at lower geographical levels. {F}urther developments are needed to better match local needs.}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {{T}he 2013/14 {UNAIDS} estimates methods : extending the scope and granularity of {HIV} estimates}, journal = {{AIDS}}, volume = {28}, numero = {{S}uppl. 4}, pages = {{S}469--476}, ISSN = {0269-9370}, year = {2014}, DOI = {10.1097/{QAD}.0000000000000480}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063252}, } @book{fdi:010063819, title = {{T}anzania. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {TANZANIE}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {24}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063819}, } @book{fdi:010063820, title = {{U}ganda. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {OUGANDA}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {22}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063820}, } @book{fdi:010063490, title = {{R}wanda. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {RWANDA}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {13}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063490}, } @book{fdi:010063381, title = {{M}alawi. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {SEROPOSITIVITE} ; {MALAWI}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {11}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063381}, } @book{fdi:010063383, title = {{H}a{\¨ie}ti. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {HAITI}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063383}, } @book{fdi:010063384, title = {{B}urundi. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {BURUNDI}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063384}, } @book{fdi:010063385, title = {{B}urkina {F}aso. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063385}, } @book{fdi:010063393, title = {{C}ameroon. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {CAMEROUN}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {21}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063393}, } @book{fdi:010063395, title = {{C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {21}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063395}, } @book{fdi:010063745, title = {{L}esotho. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {LESOTHO}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {16}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063745}, } @book{fdi:010063765, title = {{Z}imbabwe. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ZIMBABWE}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {18}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063765}, } @book{fdi:010063766, title = {{G}uinea. {D}eveloping subnational estimates of {HIV} prevalence and the number of people living with {HIV} survey data : methodology note}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GUINEE}}, address = {{G}en{\`e}ve}, publisher = {{UNAIDS}}, series = {}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063766}, } @article{fdi:010059973, title = {{E}valuation of the impact of immediate versus {WHO} recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on {HIV} incidence : the {ANRS} 12249 {T}as{P} (treatment as prevention) trial in {H}labisa sub-district, {K}wa{Z}ulu-{N}atal, {S}outh {A}frica : study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial}, author = {{I}wuji, {C}.{C}. and {O}rne-{G}liemann, {J}. and {T}anser, {F}. and {B}oyer, {S}. and {L}essells, {R}.{J}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {I}mrie, {J}. and {B}ärnighausen, {T}. and {R}ekacewicz, {C}. and {B}azin, {B}. and {N}ewell, {M}.{L}. and {D}abis, {F}. and {O}kesola, {N}. and {B}land, {R}. and de {O}liveira, {T}. and {V}iljoen, {J}. and {N}ewell, {C}. and {N}aidu, {K}. and {L}ert, {F}. and {D}ray-{S}pira, {R}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {S}pire, {B}. and {C}haix, {M}.{L}. and {K}archer, {S}. and {T}hi{\'e}baut, {R}. and {F}reeberg, {K}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {VIRUS} ; {INFECTION} ; {TRANSMISSION} ; {CONTAMINATION} ; {DIAGNOSTIC} ; {MEDICAMENT} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {EFFICACITE} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {ESSAI} {CLINIQUE} ; {TOXICITE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SOCIAL} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {RANDOMISATION} ; {EFFET} {SECONDAIRE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {KWAZULU} ; {NATAL} ; {HLABISA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}rials}, volume = {14}, numero = {230}, pages = {1--15}, year = {2013}, DOI = {10.1186/1745-6215-14-230}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059973}, } @article{fdi:010057891, title = {{E}pid{\'e}mies g{\'e}n{\'e}ralis{\'e}es et concentr{\'e}es : une {\'e}pid{\'e}mie peut en cacher une autre}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {{C}ompte rendu de la 19{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence internationale sur le sida}, journal = {{T}ranscriptases}, volume = {149}, numero = {}, pages = {29}, year = {2012}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057891}, } @article{fdi:010057892, title = {{L}e {T}as{P} toujours plus pr{\'e}sent}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{A}pr{\`e}s le 'scoop' des r{\'e}sultats de l'essai {HPTN} 052 {\`a} la conf{\'e}rence de l'{IAS} de {R}ome en juillet 2011, la question de l'utilisation du {T}as{P} (treatment as prevention) reste tr{\`e}s pr{\'e}sente. {L}'occasion derevenir sur les questions pos{\'e}es sur son indiscutable efficacit{\'e}, au moins sur les couples s{\'e}rodiscordants en {A}frique.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {{C}ompte rendu de la 19{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence internationale sur le sida}, journal = {{T}ranscriptases}, volume = {149}, numero = {}, pages = {51--54}, year = {2012}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057892}, } @incollection{fdi:010058446, title = {{C}artographier les donn{\'e}es des enqu{\^e}tes d{\'e}mographiques et de sant{\'e} {\`a} partir des coordonn{\'e}es des zones d'enqu{\^e}te}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {Y}aro, {S}. and {V}allo, {R}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}das, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {MILIEU} {URBAIN} ; {MILIEU} {RURAL} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {MODELE} ; {SIMULATION} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {SONDAGE} {EN} {GRAPPE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMEROUN}}, booktitle = {{L}es syst{\`e}mes d'information en d{\'e}mographie et en sciences sociales : nouvelles questions, nouveaux outils ? : actes de la {C}haire {Q}u{\'e}telet 2006}, numero = {}, pages = {421--447}, address = {{L}ouvain-la-{N}euve}, publisher = {{P}resses {U}niversitaires de {L}ouvain}, series = {}, year = {2012}, ISBN = {978-2-87558-075-7}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010058446}, } @book{fdi:010059399, title = {{D}emopaedia : dictionnaire d{\'e}mographique multilingue}, author = {{D}{\'e}sesquelle, {A}. and {M}esl{\'e}, {F}. and {D}uth{\'e}, {G}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {POPULATION} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {NUPTIALITE} ; {FECONDITE} ; {NATALITE} ; {MORTALITE} ; {MOBILITE} ; {DONNEES} {STATISTIQUES} ; {DICTIONNAIRE} ; {TRANSITION} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{D}emopaedia}, series = {}, pages = {195}, year = {2012}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059399}, } @article{fdi:010053205, title = {{M}ethods for mapping regional trends of {HIV} prevalence from demographic and health surveys ({DHS})}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {MODELISATION} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}ybergeo : {R}evue {E}urop{\'e}enne de {G}{\'e}ographie}, numero = {558}, pages = {27}, year = {2011}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053205}, } @article{fdi:010052060, title = {{M}{\'e}thodes pour cartographier les tendances r{\'e}gionales de la pr{\'e}valence du {VIH} {\`a} partir des enqu{\^e}tes d{\'e}mographiques et de sant{\'e} ({EDS})}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {SPATIALE} ; {ANALYSE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ESTIMATION} ; {MODELISATION} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}ybergeo : {R}evue {E}urop{\'e}enne de {G}{\'e}ographie}, numero = {539}, pages = {27}, ISSN = {1278-3366}, year = {2011}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052060}, } @article{fdi:010087038, title = {{H}omo-bisexuels masculins au {S}ud : il est temps d'agir !}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PAYS} {DU} {SUD}}, booktitle = {{C}ompte rendu de la 18{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence internationale sur le sida}, journal = {{T}ranscriptases}, volume = {144}, numero = {}, pages = {68--70}, ISSN = {1965-2607}, year = {2010}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087038}, } @article{fdi:010050914, title = {{M}en who have sex with men ({MSM}) and factors associated with not using a condom at last sexual intercourse with a man and with a woman in {S}enegal}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {W}ade, {A}.{S}. and {D}iop, {A}.{K}. and {D}iop, {O}. and {G}ueye, {K}. and {M}arra, {A}dama and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {SIDA} ; {EDUCATION} {SANITAIRE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {AGE} {PHYSIOLOGIQUE} ; {NIVEAU} {D}'{INSTRUCTION} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {DE} {LA} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {SENEGAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne}, volume = {5}, numero = {10}, pages = {e13189}, year = {2010}, DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0013189}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010050914}, } @article{fdi:010048898, title = {{R}eduction in risk-taking behaviors among {MSM} in {S}enegal between 2004 and 2007 and prevalence of {HIV} and others {STI}s}, author = {{W}ade, {A}.{S}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iop, {A}.{K}. and {D}iop, {O}. and {G}ueye, {K}. and {M}arra, {A}dama and {S}ene, {A}. and {E}nel, {C}. and {N}iang {D}iallo, {P}. and {T}oure {K}ane, {N}.{C}. and {M}boup, {S}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {HOMME} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PROSTITUTION} ; {ENQUETE} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {SENEGAL} ; {DAKAR} ; {SAINT} {LOUIS} ; {MBOUR} ; {THIES} ; {KAOLACK}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{AIDS} {C}are}, volume = {22}, numero = {4}, pages = {409--414}, ISSN = {1360-0451}, year = {2010}, DOI = {10.1080/09540120903253973}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048898}, } @article{fdi:010049404, title = {{F}actors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in {D}ouala, {C}ameroon}, author = {{H}enry, {E}. and {M}arcellin, {F}. and {Y}omb, {Y}. and {F}ugon, {L}. and {N}emande, {S}. and {G}ueboguo, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {T}renado, {E}. and {E}boko, {F}red and {S}pire, {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}bjectives {R}esearch on men who have sex with men ({MSM}) in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica was neglected for a long time. {T}he objective of this study was to understand factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse ({UAI}) with male partners among a group of {MSM} living in the city of {D}ouala, {C}ameroon. {M}ethods {I}n 2008, a survey on the sexual activity and practices of {MSM} was set up in {D}ouala in collaboration with a local community-based organisation. {D}ata were collected among a convenience sample of 168 {MSM} during face-to-face interviews with trained interviewers. {R}esults {A} total of 142 individuals reported sexual activity during the previous 6 months, among whom 80 (57%) reported {UAI} with male partners. {I}n a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for the frequency of sexual intercourse, not having had access to prevention interventions and not knowing any {HIV}-infected person were both independently associated with a higher risk of {UAI}. {O}ther factors associated with this higher risk included having had a stable male partnership at some point in one's life and not having been out of {D}ouala for more than 4 weeks during the previous year. {C}onclusions {T}his community-based research is the first study of {MSM} in {C}ameroon and the {HIV} transmission risks they face. {R}esults show the importance of {HIV} prevention interventions from peers, and underline the need to maintain efforts to develop specific interventions targeting {MSM} more efficiently in the {A}frican context.}, keywords = {{CAMEROUN} ; {DOUALA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}exually {T}ransmitted {I}nfections}, volume = {86}, numero = {2}, pages = {136--140}, ISSN = {1368-4973}, year = {2010}, DOI = {10.1136/sti.2009.036939}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049404}, } @techreport{fdi:010087300, title = {Évaluer les interventions de pr{\'e}vention des {IST} et du {VIH} aupr{\`e}s des homosexuels masculins au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal (projet {ANRS} 12139) : rapport scientifique}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}iop, {A}. and {D}iop, {O}. and {G}ueye, {K}. and {E}nel, {C}. and {M}boup, {S}. and {D}iallo, {P}. {N}. and {K}ane, {N}. {C}. {T}. and {B}a, {S}. and {S}ene, {A}. and {M}arra, {A}. and {W}ade, {A}. {S}. and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}'enqu{\^e}te {ELIH}o{S} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e en 2007 au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal avait pour objectifs principaux de mesurer les pr{\'e}valences du {VIH} et des {IST} (infections sexuellement transmissibles) et les comportements sexuels parmi les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec d'autres hommes ({HSH}), afin d'observer les {\'e}volutions depuis 2004 (enqu{\^e}te pr{\'e}c{\'e}dente) pour {\'e}valuer les effets des programmes d'intervention en cours aupr{\`e}s de cette population. {C}ette enqu{\^e}te a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}alis{\'e}e sur l'initiative de la division {S}ida/{IST} de l'{I}nstitut d'{H}ygi{\`e}ne {S}ociale {\`a} {D}akar , avec le plein accord du {M}inist{\`e}re de la {S}ant{\'e} du {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal. {E}lle a fait l'objet d'un partenariat entre deux {\'e}quipes s{\'e}n{\'e}galaises (la division {S}ida/{IST} de l'{I}nstitut d'{H}ygi{\`e}ne {S}ociale {\`a} {D}akar dirig{\'e}e par le {D}r {A}. {S}. {W}ade et le laboratoire de virologie de l'{H}{\^o}pital {L}e {D}antec {\`a} {D}akar dirig{\'e} par le {P}r. {S}. {M}boup) et une {\'e}quipe fran{\c{c}}aise de chercheurs en sciences sociales conduite par {A}. {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû ({CEPED}). {C}omme pour la premi{\`e}re enqu{\^e}te men{\'e}e en 2004, le mode de recrutement adopt{\'e} pour 2007 a {\'e}t{\'e} la m{\'e}thode dite « boule de neige ». {L}e recrutement {\'e}tait effectu{\'e} par des leaders du milieu {HSH}, sur trois sites ({D}akar, la capitale, {M}bour / {T}hi{\`e}s, deux villes proches de la c{\^o}te touristique, et {S}aint-{L}ouis, ville moyenne au nord du {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal). {C}e recrutement a {\'e}t{\'e} effectu{\'e} dans diff{\'e}rents types de lieux (bars de rencontre {HSH}, associations {HSH}) et par bouche {\`a} oreille dans divers r{\'e}seaux de socialisation. {L}e questionnaire socio-comportemental a {\'e}t{\'e} administr{\'e} {\`a} 501 hommes (306 hommes {\`a} {D}akar, 100 {\`a} {M}bour/{T}hi{\`e}s et 95 {\`a} {S}aint-{L}ouis). {I}l s'agit d'un {\'e}chantillon jeune (80 % ont moins de trente ans, âge moyen : 24,7 ans) et plut{\^o}t instruit (47 % ont atteint le niveau secondaire ou sup{\'e}rieur). 90 % habitent avec leur famille et 41 % se d{\'e}clarent membre d'une association d'{HSH}. {C}ette enqu{\^e}te quantitative a {\'e}t{\'e} compl{\'e}t{\'e}e par un volet qualitatif consacr{\'e} aux comportements bisexuels. {D}ouze entretiens ont {\'e}t{\'e} men{\'e}s aupr{\`e}s d'hommes d{\'e}clarant une ou plusieurs partenaires f{\'e}minines et douze autres aupr{\`e}s de femmes d{\'e}clar{\'e}es partenaires f{\'e}minines par des {HSH}.}, keywords = {{SENEGAL}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{CEPED}}, series = {{W}orking {P}apers du {CEPED}}, pages = {110 multigr.}, year = {2010}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087300}, } @article{fdi:010048894, title = {{A} propos des partenaires f{\'e}minines des hommes ayant des pratiques homosexuelles au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal}, author = {{E}nel, {C}. and {L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {W}ade, {A}. {S}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SEXUALITE} ; {HOMME} ; {FEMME} ; {RELATION} {DE} {GENRE} ; {SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PROSTITUTION} ; {RAPPORTS} {SOCIAUX} ; {MARIAGE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {IDENTITE} {SEXUELLE} ; {PARTENAIRE} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {CONFIDENTIALITE} ; {RELATIONS} {CONJUGALES} ; {RELATIONS} {INTERPERSONNELLES} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {DAKAR}}, booktitle = {{L}a fabrique des identit{\'e}s sexuelles}, journal = {{A}utrepart}, numero = {49}, pages = {103--116}, ISSN = {1278-3986}, year = {2009}, ISBN = {978-2-7246-3164-7}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048894}, } @article{fdi:010087042, title = {{C}omment les pr{\'e}valences du {VIH} sont-elles estim{\'e}es en {A}frique subsaharienne ?}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{T}ous les deux ans, le programme commun des {N}ations unies sur le {VIH}/{S}ida ({ONUSIDA}) publie des estimations d{\'e}taill{\'e}es du nombre de personnes infect{\'e}es par le {VIH}. {D}ans la derni{\`e}re {\'e}dition du rapport, le nombre de personnes (adultes et enfants) infect{\'e}es par le {VIH} dans le monde est estim{\'e} {\`a} 33 millions en 2007, dont 22 millions en {A}frique subsaharienne. {C}ette estimation, largement reprise par les m{\'e}dias et les acteurs de la lutte contre le {S}ida, a {\'e}t{\'e} r{\'e}vis{\'e}e {\`a} maintes reprises ces derni{\`e}res ann{\'e}es, donnant l'impression que le nombre de personnes infect{\'e}es a diminu{\'e} alors qu'en r{\'e}alit{\'e} il a augment{\'e}. {C}es r{\'e}visions successives ont sem{\'e} le doute sur la qualit{\'e} des estimations produites. {P}etit retour sur l'{\'e}volution des sources et des techniques.}, keywords = {{BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {ETHIOPIE} ; {GHANA} ; {GUINEE} ; {KENYA} ; {LESOTHO} ; {MALAWI} ; {MALI} ; {OUGANDA} ; {RWANDA} ; {SENEGAL} ; {TANZANIE} ; {ZAMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hronique du {CEPED}}, volume = {58}, numero = {}, pages = {4}, ISSN = {1157-4186}, year = {2009}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010087042}, } @article{fdi:010047224, title = {{A}frique subsaharienne : quel outil de mesure du {VIH} ?}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ransversal}, numero = {48}, pages = {29--30}, ISSN = {1627-0428}, year = {2009}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047224}, } @article{fdi:010049807, title = {{H}omosexualit{\'e} et bisexualit{\'e} au {S}{\'e}n{\'e}gal : une r{\'e}alit{\'e} multiforme}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {D}esgr{\'e}es du {L}oû, {A}nnabel and {E}nel, {C}. and {W}ade, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SEXUALITE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {HOMME} ; {AGE} {PHYSIOLOGIQUE} ; {SEXE} ; {SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {SOCIALE} ; {ANTHROPOLOGIE} {DE} {LA} {SANTE} ; {VIOLENCE} ; {TYPOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {BISEXUALITE} ; {VIOLENCE} {SEXUELLE} ; {MALADIE} {SEXUELLEMENT} {TRANSMISSIBLE} ; {PRESERVATIF} ; {SENEGAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}opulation}, volume = {64}, numero = {4}, pages = {723--756}, ISSN = {0032-4663}, year = {2009}, ISBN = {9782733230985}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049807}, } @article{fdi:010045404, title = {{P}r{\'e}valence du {VIH} en {A}frique sub-saharienne : historique d'une estimation}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {TAUX} {DE} {MORTALITE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}{\'e}decine/{S}ciences}, volume = {25}, numero = {1}, pages = {87--92}, year = {2009}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045404}, } @techreport{fdi:010047153, title = {{E}stimating effect of non response on {HIV} prevalence estimates from demographic and health surveys}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {V}allo, {R}. and {Y}aro, {S}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}{\'e}da, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {ANALYSE} {MULTIVARIABLE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {SEX} {RATIO} ; {GROUPE} {A} {RISQUE} ; {SANTE} {PUBLIQUE} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {SURVEILLANCE} {SANITAIRE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{CEPED}}, series = {{W}orking {P}apers du {CEPED}}, pages = {9 multigr.}, year = {2009}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010047153}, } @incollection{PAR00007143, title = {{E}stimation des niveaux de pr{\'e}valence du {VIH} dans les pays d'{A}frique sub-saharienne et ajustement possible {\`a} partir des femmes enceintes}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {{S}ant{\'e} de la reproduction au {N}ord et au {S}ud : de la connaissance {\`a} l'action}, numero = {}, pages = {305--318}, address = {{L}ouvain-la-{N}euve}, publisher = {{P}resses {U}niversitaires de {L}ouvain}, series = {}, year = {2009}, ISBN = {978-2-87463-182-5}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00007143}, } @article{fdi:010045402, title = {{H}omosexuels masculins : une {\'e}pid{\'e}mie sous-estim{\'e}e}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SEXUEL} ; {PREVENTION} {SANITAIRE} ; {HOMOSEXUALITE} ; {DROIT} {A} {LA} {SANTE} ; {DISCRIMINATION} {SEXUELLE} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ranscriptases}, numero = {138}, pages = {61--62}, year = {2008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045402}, } @article{fdi:010045403, title = {{A}cc{\`e}s aux antiviraux en {A}frique et baisse de la mortalit{\'e}}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {EPIDEMIE} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {TAUX} {DE} {MORTALITE} ; {TRAITEMENT} {MEDICAL} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {ENQUETE} {STATISTIQUE} ; {ANTIRETROVIRAUX} ; {AFRIQUE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ranscriptases}, numero = {137}, pages = {2--4}, year = {2008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045403}, } @incollection{fdi:010045400, title = {{HIV} prevalence estimates : the new deal in {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frican since 2000}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SURVEILLANCE} ; {OBSERVATOIRE} ; {GROUPE} {A} {RISQUE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {POLITIQUE} {DE} {SANTE} ; {PROSPECTIVE} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, booktitle = {{T}he political economy of {HIV}/{AIDS} in developing countries : {TRIPS}, public health systems and free access}, numero = {}, pages = {169--189}, address = {{C}heltenham}, publisher = {{E}. {E}lgar}, series = {}, year = {2008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010045400}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010056256, title = {{C}artographier les donn{\'e}es des {E}nqu{\^e}tes {D}{\'e}mographiques et de {S}ant{\'e} {\`a} partir des coordonn{\'e}es des zones d'enqu{\^e}te}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph and {Y}aro, {S}. and {V}allo, {R}. and {M}sellati, {P}hilippe and {M}edia, {N}. and {F}erry, {B}eno{\^i}t}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SIDA} ; {PREVALENCE} ; {SYSTEME} {D}'{INFORMATION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {CARTOGRAPHIE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {ENQUETE} ; {DEMOGRAPHIE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {ENQUETE} {DEMOGRAPHIQUE} {ET} {DE} {SANTE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMEROUN}}, numero = {}, pages = {20}, booktitle = {}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010056256}, } @phdthesis{fdi:010085591, title = {{P}r{\'e}valences du {VIH} en {A}frique : validit{\'e} d'une mesure}, author = {{L}armarange, {J}oseph}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}es pr{\'e}valences nationales du {VIH} sont estim{\'e}es, en {A}frique subsaharienne, {\`a} partir de deux sources : la surveillance sentinelle des femmes enceintes et les enqu{\^e}tes nationales en population g{\'e}n{\'e}rale ({EDS}). {E}n plusieurs endroits, les r{\'e}sultats divergent, questionnant la validit{\'e} de chaque approche. {Q}uelles port{\'e}e, limites et signification objective peuvent {\^e}tre accord{\'e}es aux diverses observations, chacune appr{\'e}hendant le r{\'e}el sous un angle diff{\'e}rent ?{L}es {EDS} constituent un bon indicateur du niveau des {\'e}pid{\'e}mies {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle national et r{\'e}gional, voir infrar{\'e}gional grâce au recours {\`a} des techniques d'analyse spatiale en composantes d'{\'e}chelles. {M}ais leur fr{\'e}quence est inadapt{\'e}e pour mesurer les {\'e}volutions {\`a} court terme. {L}a surveillance sentinelle, estimateur local des ordres de grandeur, peut {\^e}tre un indicateur de tendances sous certaines conditions. {C}ependant, si la situation actuelle commence {\`a} {\^e}tre mieux connue, une mesure r{\'e}elle des dynamiques est encore hors de notre port{\'e}e.}, keywords = {{VIH}/{SIDA} ; {A}frique subsaharienne ; pr{\'e}valence ; validit{\'e} {\'e}pist{\'e}mologique ; {EDS} ({E}nqu{\^e}tes {D}{\'e}mographiques et de {S}ant{\'e}) ; surveillance sentinelle ; interpolation spatiale ; {\'e}pid{\'e}miologie ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{U}niversit{\'e} de {P}aris 5}, pages = {582 multigr.}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085591}, }