@article{fdi:010086907, title = {{T}he '{S}tar of {D}avid' pattern and presence of macrosteps on ruby and sapphire crystals from {A}appaluttoq, {G}reenland}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}orlot, {C}. and {P}ardieu, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A} '{S}tar of {D}avid' appearance is rarely exhibited on gem corundum crystals due to triangular step patterns in opposing orientations on each pinacoidal face. {S}uch samples were recently found at the {A}appaluttoq mine in {G}reenland, and are characterised by eye-visible triangular macrosteps with micrometre- to millimetre-size edges, an uncommon feature on natural corundum crystals. {T}he edge height, as well as the presence of wide terraces and trench-like defects on the crystals, suggest that the macrosteps result from step bunching and faceting(1) processes. {T}he macrosteps likely formed under high-temperature conditions and intense fluid-rock interactions, in a growth medium where impurities and direction of fluid flow played an important role in the step formation. {L}arge macrosteps are also found on corundum crystals from other deposits of both magmatic and metamorphic origin.}, keywords = {{GROENLAND}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {G}emmology}, volume = {38}, numero = {4}, pages = {364--375}, ISSN = {1355-4565}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.15506/{J}o{G}.2022.38.4.364}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010086907}, } @article{fdi:010085607, title = {{C}olombian emerald oddities : review and formation mechanisms}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}orlot, {C}. and {S}alsi, {L}. and {M}artayan, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{E}xceptional mineralogical oddities of gemmological interest have been found in {C}olombia's emerald deposits. {T}heir particular sedimentary-hydrothermal geological environment is characterised by large fluid circulations and changes in thermodynamic conditions during emerald precipitation. {I}n this context, various etching processes and growth perturbations affected the crystals in both the eastern and western belts of these emerald deposits. {I}n the eastern belt, variations in post-growth etching are responsible for the formation of 'vaso' (cup), 'spongy' and spear-shaped emeralds, and etching associated with near-parallel growth of elongated crystals resulted in fibrous emerald specimens. {I}n addition, rare sceptre emeralds formed by epitaxial lateral overgrowth due to the arrival of a later mineralising pulse in the hydrothermal system. '{E}merald gastropods' are also found in the eastern belt, and formed by the replacement of fossil aragonite by calcite which later dissolved away and was replaced by emerald. {I}n the western emerald belt, hydrothermal fluid circulation sometimes resulted in non-uniform crystal growth, giving rise to horseshoe-shaped meralds characterised by an incomplete hexagonal prismatic habit. {A}n unusual sample of a calcitised trapiche emerald-due to fluid circulation affecting trapiche emerald-bearing black shale-is also described.}, keywords = {{COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {G}emmology}, volume = {38}, numero = {1}, pages = {26--43}, ISSN = {1355-4565}, year = {2022}, DOI = {10.15506/{J}o{G}.2022.38.1.26}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010085607}, } @article{fdi:010080591, title = {{F}lower-shaped trapiche ruby from {M}ong {H}su, {M}yanmar : a revised growth mechanism}, author = {{P}ianatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}orlot, {C}. and {C}atnelineau, {M}. and {L}iu, {S}. {I}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}wo polished slices of flower-shaped trapiche ruby from {M}ong {H}su were analysed by {X}-ray computed tomography and {X}-ray micro-fluorescence. {T}hey are characterised by the presence of a core overgrown by two layers of ruby (with the outer one forming the 'petal' shape), and these three domains were previously attributed by {L}iu (2015) to a multi-stage growth mechanism. {T}he present research indicates that these specimens show textural sector zoning associated with chemical sector zoning. {I}n agreement with literature data, three different growth sectors are identified: a pinacoidal growth sector (corresponding to the core) and two sets of dipyramidal growth sectors with different inclinations with respect to the c-axis. {T}he core, middle and outer layers are thus growth sectors of the same crystal, and no successive stages are needed to explain their formation. {T}herefore, the growth model proposed for other trapiche rubies from {M}yanmar also applies to the formation of these flower-shaped specimens. {T}he distinctive shape of these rubies is due to weathering of the growth sectors and the sector boundaries.}, keywords = {{MYANMAR} ; {MONG} {HSU}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {G}emmology}, volume = {37}, numero = {4}, pages = {404--415}, ISSN = {1355-4565}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.15506/{J}o{G}.2020.37.4.404}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080591}, } @article{fdi:010079476, title = {{R}uby deposits : a review and geological classification}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {P}ignatelli, {I}. and {P}ardieu, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}orundum is not uncommon on {E}arth but the gem varieties of ruby and sapphire are relatively rare. {G}em corundum deposits are classified as primary and secondary deposits. {P}rimary deposits contain corundum either in the rocks where it crystallized or as xenocrysts and xenoliths carried by magmas to the {E}arth's surface. {C}lassification systems for corundum deposits are based on different mineralogical and geological features. {A}n up-to-date classification scheme for ruby deposits is described in the present paper. {R}uby forms in mafic or felsic geological environments, or in metamorphosed carbonate platforms but it is always associated with rocks depleted in silica and enriched in alumina. {T}wo major geological environments are favorable for the presence of ruby: (1) amphibolite to medium pressure granulite facies metamorphic belts and (2) alkaline basaltic volcanism in continental rifting environments. {P}rimary ruby deposits formed from the {A}rchean (2.71 {G}a) in {G}reenland to the {P}liocene (5 {M}a) in {N}epal. {S}econdary ruby deposits have formed at various times from the erosion of metamorphic belts (since the {P}recambrian) and alkali basalts (from the {C}enozoic to the {Q}uaternary). {P}rimary ruby deposits are subdivided into two types based on their geological environment of formation: ({T}ype {I}) magmatic-related and ({T}ype {II}) metamorphic-related. {T}ype {I} is characterized by two sub-types, specifically {T}ype {IA} where xenocrysts or xenoliths of gem ruby of metamorphic (sometimes magmatic) origin are hosted by alkali basalts ({M}adagascar and others), and {T}ype {IB} corresponding to xenocrysts of ruby in kimberlite ({D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo). {T}ype {II} also has two sub-types; metamorphic deposits sensu stricto ({T}ype {IIA}) that formed in amphibolite to granulite facies environments, and metamorphic-metasomatic deposits ({T}ype {IIB}) formed via high fluid-rock interaction and metasomatism. {S}econdary ruby deposits, i.e., placers are termed sedimentary-related ({T}ype {III}). {T}hese placers are hosted in sedimentary rocks (soil, rudite, arenite, and silt) that formed via erosion, gravity effect, mechanical transport, and sedimentation along slopes or basins related to neotectonic motions and deformation.}, keywords = {ruby deposits ; classification ; typology ; magmatism ; metamorphism ; sedimentary ; metasomatism ; fluids ; stable and radiogenic isotopes ; genetic models ; exploration}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}inerals}, volume = {10}, numero = {7}, pages = {art. 597 [83 p.]}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.3390/min10070597}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079476}, } @article{fdi:010078079, title = {{A} review of analytical methods used in geographic origin determination of gemstones}, author = {{G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}tone-{S}undberg, {J}. and {S}un, {Z}. {Y}. and {R}enfro, {N}. {D}. and {P}alke, {A}. {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}rigin determination is of increasing importance in the gem trade. {I}t is possible because there is a close relationship between the geological environment of formation and the physical and chemical properties of gemstones, such as trace element and isotopic compositions, that can be measured in the laboratory using combinations of increasingly sophisticated instrumentation. {O}rigin conclusions for ruby, sapphire, and emerald make up the bulk of demand for these services, with growing demand for alexandrite, tourmaline, and spinel. {H}owever, establishing origin with a high degree of confidence using the capabilities available today is met with varying degrees of success. {G}eographic origin can be determined with a high level of confidence for materials such as emerald, {P}araiba-type tourmaline, alexandrite, and many rubies. {F}or some materials, especially blue sapphire and some rubies, the situation is more difficult. {T}he main problem is that if the geology of two deposits is similar, then the properties of the gemstones they produce will also be similar, to the point where concluding an origin becomes seemingly impossible in some cases. {O}rigin determination currently relies on a combination of traditional gemological observations and advanced analytical instrumentation.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {512--535}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.5741/gems.55.4.512}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078079}, } @article{fdi:010078078, title = {{G}eology of corundum and emerald gem deposits : a review}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}roat, {L}. {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he great challenge of geographic origin determination is to connect the properties and features of individual gems to the geology of their deposits. {S}imilar geologic environments can produce gems with similar gemological properties, making it difficult to find unique identifiers. {O}ver the last two decades, our knowledge of corundum and emerald deposit formation has improved significantly. {T}he mineral deposits are classically separated into primary and secondary deposits. {P}rimary corundum deposits are subdivided into two types based on their geological environment of formation: (1) magmatic and (2) metamorphic. {M}agmatic deposits include gem corundum in alkali basalts as in eastern {A}ustralia, and sapphire in lamprophyre and syenite as in {M}ontana ({U}nited {S}tates) and {G}arba {T}ula ({K}enya), respectively. {M}etamorphic deposits are divided into two subtypes (1) metamorphic deposits sensu stricto (in marble; mafic and ultramafic rocks, or {M}-{UMR}), and (2) metamorphic-metasomatic deposits characterized by high fluid-rock interaction and metasomatism (i.e., plumasite or desilicated pegmatites in {M}-{UMR} and marble, skarn deposits, and shear zone-related deposits in different substrata, mainly corundum-bearing {M}g-{C}r-biotite schist). {E}xamples of the first subtype include the ruby deposits in marble from the {M}ogok {S}tone {T}ract or those in {M}-{UMR} from {M}ontepuez ({M}ozambique) and {A}appaluttoq ({G}reenland). {T}he second subtype concerns the sapphire from {K}ashmir hosted by plumasites in {M}-{UMR}. {S}econdary corundum deposits (i.e., present-day placers) result from the erosion of primary corundum deposits. {H}ere, corundum is found in the following types of deposits: eluvial (derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement), diluvial (scree or talus), colluvial (deposited at the base of slopes by rainwash, sheetwash, slow continuous downslope creep, or a combination of these processes), and alluvial (deposited by rivers). {T}oday, most sapphires are produced from gem placers related to alkali basalts, as in eastern {A}ustralia or southern {V}ietnam, while placers in metamorphic environments, such as in {S}ri {L}anka ({R}atnapura, {E}lahera) and {M}adagascar ({I}lakaka), produce the highest-quality sapphires. {T}he colluvial {M}ontepuez deposit in {M}ozambique provides a huge and stable supply of clean and very high-quality rubies. {P}rimary emerald deposits are subdivided into two types based on their geological environment of formation: (1) tectonic-magmatic-related ({T}ype {I}) and (2) tectonic-metamorphic-related ({T}ype {II}). {S}everal subtypes are defined and especially {T}ype {IA}, hosted in {M}-{UMR}, which accounts for about 70% of worldwide production ({B}razil, {Z}ambia, {R}ussia, and others). {I}t is characterized by the intrusion of pegmatites or quartz veins in {M}-{UMR} accompanied by huge hydrothermal fluid circulation and metasomatism with the formation of emerald-bearing desilicated pegmatite (plumasite) and biotite schist. {T}ype {IB} in sedimentary rocks ({C}hina, {C}anada, {N}orway, {K}azakhstan, and {A}ustralia) and {T}ype {IC} in granitic rocks ({N}igeria) are of minor importance. {T}he subtype {T}ype {IIA} of metamorphic deposits is related to hydrothermal fluid circulation at high temperature, in thrust fault and/or shear zones within {M}-{UMR} of volcano-sedimentary series, such as at the {S}anta {T}erezinha de {G}oias deposit in {B}razil. {T}he subtype {T}ype {IIB} is showcased by the {C}olombian emerald deposits located in the {L}ower {C}retaceous black shales of the {E}astern {C}ordillera {B}asin. {T}hese are related to the circulation of hydrothermal basinal fluids in black shales, at 300-330 degrees {C}, that dissolved evaporites in (1) thrust and tear faults for the deposits of the western emerald zone ({Y}acopi, {C}oscuez, {M}uzo, {P}enas {B}lancas, {C}unas, and {L}a {P}ita mines) and (2) a regional evaporite level intercalated in the black shales or the deposits of the eastern emerald zone ({G}achala, {C}hivor, and {M}acanal mining district {S}econdary emerald deposits are unknown because emerald is too fragile to survive erosion and transport in rivers.}, keywords = {{MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {464--489}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.5741/gems.55.4.464}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078078}, } @article{fdi:010077789, title = {{T}he texture and chemical composition of trapiche ruby from {K}hoan {T}hong, {L}uc {Y}en {M}ining {D}istrict, {N}orthern {V}ietnam}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}orlot, {C}. and {L}ong, {P}. {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he trapiche texture and chemical composition of two rubies from the {K}hoan {T}hong placer in northern {V}ietnam were examined by {X}-ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. {T}heir texture is similar to that of some {B}urmese trapiche rubies, with inclusion-rich sector boundaries intersecting at a small central point and a significant concentration of elongated tube-like voids in growth sectors. {T}he most common inclusions are anorthite and margarite; the latter formed by destabilisation of both ruby and anorthite during retrograde metamorphism. {T}he chemical composition of the samples plots in the field of {V}ietnamese alluvial and primary marble-hosted deposits, although differences in {F}e2{O}3, {T}i{O}2 and {C}r2{O}3 contents may distinguish trapiche rubies from various mining areas in {V}ietnam. {T}heir composition differs from that of {B}urmese trapiche rubies by a higher {F}e2{O}3/{T}i{O}2 ratio and a lower {C}r2{O}3 content. {V}ietnamese trapiche rubies formed in the same geological environment as non-trapiche ones, under metamorphic conditions prevailing for the {H}imalayan orogenesis. {I}n this geological context, localised fluid pressure variations and hydraulic fracturing caused changes in the driving force of crystallisation, favouring the development of the trapiche texture.}, keywords = {{VIET} {NAM}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {G}emmology}, volume = {36}, numero = {8}, pages = {726--746}, ISSN = {1355-4565}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.15506/{J}o{G}.2019.36.8.726}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077789}, } @article{fdi:010076635, title = {{G}emstones of {G}reece : geology and crystallizing environments}, author = {{V}oudouris, {P}. and {M}avrogonatos, {C}. and {G}raham, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {T}arantola, {A}. and {M}elfos, {V}. and {K}arampelas, {S}. and {K}aterinopoulos, {A}. and {M}agganas, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n the {H}ellenides {O}rogen, minerals of various gem quality occur in various rock types from mainly four tectono-metamorphic units, the {R}hodope, {P}elagonian, and the {A}ttico-{C}ycladic massifs, and the {P}hyllites-{Q}uartzites unit of {C}rete {I}sland. {I}n crystalline rocks, gemstones are related to both regional metamorphic-metasomatic processes (e.g., gem corundums, {M}n-andalusite, thulite/clinothulite, spessartine, titanite, jadeite), and to the formation of late alpine-type fissures, such as, for example, quartz, albite, adularia and titanite. {T}he {T}ertiary (and {M}esozoic) magmatic-hydrothermal environments provide gem-quality sapphire, beryl, garnet, vesuvianite, epidote, fluorite, and {S}i{O}2 varieties. {T}he supergene oxidation zone of the {L}avrion deposit hosts gem-quality smithsonite and azurite. {C}oloration in the studied material is either due to various chromophore trace elements present in the crystal structure, or due to inclusions of other mineral phases. {F}uture modern exploration methods combined with gemological investigations (such as treatment and faceting of selected stones), are necessary in order to obtain a better knowledge of the gemstone potential of {G}reece for its possible exploitation.}, keywords = {gemstones ; corundum ; beryl ; jadeitite ; garnet ; quartz varieties ; {G}reece ; {GRECE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}inerals}, volume = {9}, numero = {8}, pages = {art. 461 [29 p.]}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.3390/min9080461}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010076635}, } @article{fdi:010075552, title = {{A}dvances in 3{D} imaging and volumetric reconstruction of fluid and melt inclusions by high resolution {X}-ray computed tomography}, author = {{R}ichard, {A}. and {M}orlot, {C}. and {C}reon, {L}. and {B}eaudoin, {N}. and {B}alistky, {V}. {S}. and {P}entelei, {S}. and {D}yja-{P}erson, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {P}ignatelli, {I}. and {L}egros, {H}. and {S}terpenich, {J}. and {P}ironon, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{F}luid and melt inclusions are tiny pockets of fluid and melt trapped in natural and synthetic minerals. {C}haracterizing the 3{D} distribution of fluid and melt inclusions within minerals, their shape and the volume fraction of their different phases is crucial for determining the conditions of crystal growth and paleostress analysis. {H}owever, their relatively small size (typically 5 to 100 mu m), complex shape, heterogeneous content, the opaque nature of some host minerals and projection bias frequently hamper accurate imaging and volumetric reconstruction using conventional microscopic techniques. {H}igh resolution {X}-ray computed tomography ({HRXCT}) is a non-destructive method which uses contrasts of {X}-ray attenuation in a series of contiguous radiographs with different view angles to reconstruct the 3{D} distribution of areas of different densities within a large variety of materials. {I}n this work, we show the capabilities of {HRXCT} for: (i) imaging the 3{D} distribution of aqueous and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions and silicate melt inclusions in a crystal; (ii) characterizing the shape of fluid and melt inclusions and (iii) reconstructing the total volume and the volume of the different phases (liquid, glass, crystal, vapor) of fluid and melt inclusions. {W}e have used a variety of hand specimens and chips of transparent and opaque minerals (olivine, quartz, feldspar, garnet, emerald, wolframite), that we analyzed using three different {HRXCT} setups. {W}hen a resolution of similar to 1 mu m(3)/voxel is achieved, {HRXCT} allows identifying > 5 mu m fluid inclusions, and the identification and volumetric reconstruction of the different phases can be carried out with reasonable confidence for relatively large (> 25 mu m) inclusions. {D}ensity contrasts are high enough to properly identify: (i) a silicate melt inclusion, and its different phases (glass, vapor and crystals such as clinopyroxene and spinel) in an olivine crystal; (ii) aqueous monophase (liquid) and two-phase (liquid + vapor) fluid inclusions in transparent and opaque minerals (quartz, garnet, emerald, wolframite). {I}n the case of hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions containing a vapor phase and two liquid phases (oil and aqueous solution), the two liquid phases could not be distinguished from each other. {V}olumetric reconstruction of liquid and vapor phases of aqueous and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions show compatible results with independent calculations using known pressure, temperature, molar volume and composition ({P}-{T}-{V}-x) conditions of trapping or imaging using confocal laser scanning microscopy respectively. {C}ollectively, our results show that {HRXCT} is a promising tool for non-destructive characterization of fluid and melt inclusions.}, keywords = {{F}luid inclusions ; {M}elt inclusions ; {H}igh resolution {X}-ray computed tomography ; {V}olume ; {S}hape ; {P}hase}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology}, volume = {508}, numero = {{N}o {S}p{\'e}cial}, pages = {3--14}, ISSN = {0009-2541}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.012}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075552}, } @article{fdi:010075315, title = {{F}ingerprinting paranesti rubies through oxygen isotopes}, author = {{W}ang, {K}. {K}. and {G}raham, {I}. {T}. and {M}artin, {L}. and {V}oudouris, {P}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {L}ay, {A}. and {H}arris, {S}. {J}. and {F}allick, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n this study, the oxygen isotope ({O}-18) composition of pink to red gem-quality rubies from {P}aranesti, {G}reece was investigated using in-situ secondary ionization mass spectrometry ({SIMS}) and laser-fluorination techniques. {P}aranesti rubies have a narrow range of {O}-18 values between similar to 0 and +1 parts per thousand and represent one of only a few cases worldwide where {O}-18 signatures can be used to distinguish them from other localities. {SIMS} analyses from this study and previous work by the authors suggests that the rubies formed under metamorphic/metasomatic conditions involving deeply penetrating meteoric waters along major crustal structures associated with the {N}estos {S}hear {Z}one. {SIMS} analyses also revealed slight variations in {O}-18 composition for two outcrops located just similar to 500 m apart: {PAR}-1 with a mean value of 1.0 parts per thousand +/- 0.42 parts per thousand and {PAR}-5 with a mean value of 0.14 parts per thousand +/- 0.24 parts per thousand. {T}his work adds to the growing use of in-situ methods to determine the origin of gem-quality corundum and re-confirms its usefulness in geographic "fingerprinting".}, keywords = {rubies ; corundum ; in-situ oxygen isotopes ; {P}aranesti {G}reece ; {N}estos ; {S}hear {Z}one ; {S}econdary ion mass spectrometry ({SIMS}) ; {GRECE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}inerals}, volume = {9}, numero = {2}, pages = {art. 91 [14 p.]}, ISSN = {2075-163{X}}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.3390/min9020091}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075315}, } @article{fdi:010075245, title = {{G}em corundum deposits of {G}reece: geology, mineralogy and genesis}, author = {{V}oudouris, {P}. and {M}avrogonatos, {C}. and {G}raham, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}elfos, {V}. and {K}arampelas, {S}. and {K}arantoni, {V}. and {W}ang, {K}. and {T}arantola, {A}. and {Z}aw, {K}. and {M}effre, {S}. and {K}lemme, {S}. and {B}erndt, {J}. and {H}eidrich, {S}. and {Z}accarini, {F}. and {F}allick, {A}. and {T}sortanidis, {M}. and {L}ampridis, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{G}reece contains several gem corundum deposits set within diverse geological settings, mostly within the {R}hodope ({X}anthi and {D}rama areas) and {A}ttico-{C}ycladic ({N}axos and {I}karia islands) tectono-metamorphic units. {I}n the {X}anthi area, the sapphire (pink, blue to purple) deposits are stratiform, occurring within marble layers alternating with amphibolites. {D}eep red rubies in the {P}aranesti-{D}rama area are restricted to boudinaged lenses of {A}l-rich metapyroxenites alternating with amphibolites and gneisses. {B}oth occurrences are oriented parallel to the ultra-high pressure/high pressure ({UHP}/{HP}) {N}estos suture zone. {O}n central {N}axos {I}sland, colored sapphires are associated with desilicated granite pegmatites intruding ultramafic lithologies (plumasites), occurring either within the pegmatites themselves or associated metasomatic reaction zones. {I}n contrast, on southern {N}axos and {I}karia {I}slands, blue sapphires occur in extensional fissures within {M}esozoic metabauxites hosted in marbles. {M}ineral inclusions in corundums are in equilibrium and/or postdate corundum crystallization and comprise: spinel and pargasite ({P}aranesti), spinel, zircon ({X}anthi), margarite, zircon, apatite, diaspore, phlogopite and chlorite ({N}axos) and chloritoid, ilmenite, hematite, ulvospinel, rutile and zircon ({I}karia). {T}he main chromophore elements within the {G}reek corundums show a wide range in concentration: the {F}e contents vary from (average values) 1099 ppm in the blue sapphires of {X}anthi, 424 ppm in the pink sapphires of {X}anthi, 2654 ppm for {P}aranesti rubies, 4326 ppm for the {I}karia sapphires, 3706 for southern {N}axos blue sapphires, 4777 for purple and 3301 for pink sapphire from {N}axos plumasite, and finally 4677 to 1532 for blue to colorless sapphires from {N}axos plumasites, respectively. {T}he {T}i concentrations (average values) are very low in rubies from {P}aranesti (41 ppm), with values of 2871 ppm and 509 in the blue and pink sapphires of {X}anthi, respectively, of 1263 ppm for the {I}karia blue sapphires, and 520 ppm, 181 ppm in {N}axos purple, pink sapphires, respectively. {T}he blue to colorless sapphires from {N}axos plumasites contain 1944 to 264 ppm {T}i, respectively. {T}he very high {T}i contents of the {X}anthi blue sapphires may reflect submicroscopic ruffle inclusions. {T}he {C}r (average values) ranges from 4 to 691 ppm in the blue, purple and pink colored corundums from {N}axos plumasite, is quite fixed (222 ppm) for {I}karia sapphires, ranges from 90 to 297 ppm in the blue and pink sapphires from {X}anthi, reaches 9142 ppm in the corundums of {P}aranesti, with highest values of 15,347 ppm in deep red colored varieties. {E}ach occurrence has both unique mineral assemblage and trace element chemistry (with variable {F}e/{M}g, {G}a/{M}g, {G}a/{C}r and {F}e/{T}i ratios). {A}dditionally, oxygen isotope compositions confirm their geological typology, i.e., with, respectively delta {O}-18 of 4.9 +/- 0.2%o for sapphire in plumasite, 20.5%o for sapphire in marble and 1%0 for ruby in mafics. {T}he fluid inclusions study evidenced water free {CO}2 dominant fluids with traces of {CH}4 or {N}-2, and low {CO}2 densities (0.46 and 0.67 g/cm(3)), which were probably trapped after the metamorphic peak. {T}he {P}aranesti, {X}anthi and central {N}axos corundum deposits can be classified as metamorphic sensu stricto (s.s.) and metasomatic, respectively, those from southern {N}axos and {I}karia display atypical magmatic signature indicating a hydrothermal origin. {G}reek corundums are characterized by wide color variation, homogeneity of the color hues, and transparency, and can be considered as potential gemstones.}, keywords = {corundum megacrysts ; ruby ; sapphire ; plumasite ; metamorphic-metasomatic ; origin ; {G}reece ; {GRECE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}inerals}, volume = {9}, numero = {1}, pages = {art. 49 [41 p.]}, ISSN = {2075-163{X}}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.3390/min9010049}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075245}, } @article{fdi:010075314, title = {{E}merald deposits : a review and enhanced classification}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {M}arshall, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {B}ranquet, {Y}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A}lthough emerald deposits are relatively rare, they can be formed in several different, but specific geologic settings and the classification systems and models currently used to describe emerald precipitation and predict its occurrence are too restrictive, leading to confusion as to the exact mode of formation for some emerald deposits. {G}enerally speaking, emerald is beryl with sufficient concentrations of the chromophores, chromium and vanadium, to result in green and sometimes bluish green or yellowish green crystals. {T}he limiting factor in the formation of emerald is geological conditions resulting in an environment rich in both beryllium and chromium or vanadium. {H}istorically, emerald deposits have been classified into three broad types. {T}he first and most abundant deposit type, in terms of production, is the desilicated pegmatite related type that formed via the interaction of metasomatic fluids with beryllium-rich pegmatites, or similar granitic bodies, that intruded into chromium- or vanadium-rich rocks, such as ultramafic and volcanic rocks, or shales derived from those rocks. {A} second deposit type, accounting for most of the emerald of gem quality, is the sedimentary type, which generally involves the interaction, along faults and fractures, of upper level crustal brines rich in {B}e from evaporite interaction with shales and other {C}r- and/or {V}-bearing sedimentary rocks. {T}he third, and comparatively most rare, deposit type is the metamorphic-metasomatic deposit. {I}n this deposit model, deeper crustal fluids circulate along faults or shear zones and interact with metamorphosed shales, carbonates, and ultramafic rocks, and {B}e and {C}r (+/- {V}) may either be transported to the deposition site via the fluids or already be present in the host metamorphic rocks intersected by the faults or shear zones. {A}ll three emerald deposit models require some level of tectonic activity and often continued tectonic activity can result in the metamorphism of an existing sedimentary or magmatic type deposit. {I}n the extreme, at deeper crustal levels, high-grade metamorphism can result in the partial melting of metamorphic rocks, blurring the distinction between metamorphic and magmatic deposit types. {I}n the present paper, we propose an enhanced classification for emerald deposits based on the geological environment, i.e., magmatic or metamorphic; host-rocks type, i.e., mafic-ultramafic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and granitoids; degree of metamorphism; styles of minerlization, i.e., veins, pods, metasomatites, shear zone; type of fluids and their temperature, pressure, composition. {T}he new classification accounts for multi-stage formation of the deposits and ages of formation, as well as probable remobilization of previous beryllium mineralization, such as pegmatite intrusions in mafic-ultramafic rocks. {S}uch new considerations use the concept of genetic models based on studies employing chemical, geochemical, radiogenic, and stable isotope, and fluid and solid inclusion fingerprints. {T}he emerald occurrences and deposits are classified into two main types: ({T}ype {I}) {T}ectonic magmatic-related with sub-types hosted in: ({IA}) {M}afic-ultramafic rocks ({B}razil, {Z}ambia, {R}ussia, and others); ({IB}) {S}edimentary rocks ({C}hina, {C}anada, {N}orway, {K}azakhstan, {A}ustralia); ({IC}) {G}ranitic rocks ({N}igeria). ({T}ype {II}) {T}ectonic metamorphic-related with sub-types hosted in: ({IIA}) {M}afic-ultramafic rocks ({B}razil, {A}ustria); ({IIB}) {S}edimentary rocks-black shale ({C}olombia, {C}anada, {USA}); ({IIC}) {M}etamorphic rocks ({C}hina, {A}fghanistan, {USA}); ({IID}) {M}etamorphosed and remobilized either type {I} deposits or hidden granitic intrusion-related ({A}ustria, {E}gypt, {A}ustralia, {P}akistan), and some unclassified deposits.}, keywords = {emerald deposits ; classification ; typology ; metamorphism ; magmatism ; sedimentary ; alkaline metasomatism ; fluids ; stable and radiogenic ; isotopes ; genetic models ; exploration ; {COLOMBIE} ; {BRESIL} ; {ZAMBIE}, {RUSSIE} ; {ZIMBABWE} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {SUD} ; {INDE} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {BULGARIE} ; {CANADA} ; {CHINE} ; {RUSSIE} ; {ESPAGNE} ; {ETATS} {UNIS} ; {MOZAMBIQUE} ; {TANZANIE} ; {ETHIOPIE} ; {SOMALIE} ; {NIGERIA} ; {UKRAINE} ; {AUTRICHE} ; {NORVEGE} ; {SUISSE} ; {ITALIE} ; {KAZAKHSTAN} ; {EGYPTE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}inerals}, volume = {9}, numero = {2}, pages = {art. 105 [63 p.]}, ISSN = {2075-163{X}}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.3390/min9020105}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075314}, } @article{fdi:010075174, title = {{R}emarkably uniform oxygen isotope systematics for co-existing pairs of gem-spinel and calcite in marble, with special reference to {V}ietnamese deposits}, author = {{F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}igaudier, {T}. and {B}oyce, {A}. {J}. and {P}ham, {V}. {L}. and {P}ardieu, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}xygen isotope systematics for co-existing pairs of gem-spinel and calcite in marble from {V}ietnam and other worldwide deposits have been determined in order to characterize the {O}-isotope fractionation between calcite and spinel. {I}n {V}ietnam, the {D}elta {O}-18(cc-sp) (= 3.7 + 0.1 parts per thousand for six samples from the {A}n {P}hu and {C}ong {T}roi deposits) is remarkably constant. {T}he combination of these data with those obtained on calcite-spinel pairs of {P}aigutan ({N}epal, n = 2), {I}panko ({T}anzania, n = 1), and {M}ogok ({M}yanmar, = 2) are also consistent with an overall {D}elta {O}-18(cc-sp) of 3.6 + 0.3 parts per thousand for all the spinel samples (n = 11). {T}he straight line correlation delta {O}-18(cc) = 0.96 delta {O}-18(sp) + 4.4 is excellent despite their worldwide geographic spread. {T}he increment method of calculating oxygen isotope fractionation gave a geologically unreasonable temperature of formation for both minerals at 1374 degrees {C} when compared to temperatures obtained by mineral assemblage equilibrium of these marble type deposits, between 610 and 750 degrees {C}. {T}he constant {D}elta {O}-18(cc-sp) reflects a constant temperature for this amphibolite facies assemblage, whose current best estimate is calculated at 620 + 40 degrees {C}, but unquantified uncertainties remain.}, keywords = {{M}arble deposits ; {A}sia ; {E}ast {A}frica ; {S}pinel-calcite pair ; {O}xygen isotope ; fractionation ; {T}emperature of formation ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {TANZANIE} ; {NEPAL} ; {MYANMAR} ; {TADJIKISTAN} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {KENYA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}eoscience}, volume = {351}, numero = {1}, pages = {27--36}, ISSN = {1631-0713}, year = {2019}, DOI = {10.1016/j.crte.2018.11.008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010075174}, } @article{fdi:010074794, title = {{N}ew {P}-{T}-{X} conditions for the formation of gem tsavorite garnet in the {V}oi area (southwestern {K}enya)}, author = {{J}acob, {J}. {B}. and {M}artelat, {J}. {E}. and {G}oncalves, {P}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}evidal, {J}. {L}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {O}mito, {E}. and {I}chang'{I}, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}savorite nodules-bearing deposits from southwestern {K}enya are located in the {K}urase {G}roup, a metasedimentary unit of the {N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt. {T}his unit is composed of graphitic paragneisses intercalated with metacarbonates and metaevaporites, surrounded by migmatites. {T}he rocks underwent high grade metamorphism at 615-600 {M}a. {T}he main goal of this work is to link tsavorite formation to the metamorphic evolution of the {K}urase {G}roup. {T}he new thermobarometric data indicate widespread granulite facies conditions at 800 +/- 50 degrees {C} and 10 +/- 1 kbar, with no significant difference between the tsavorite-bearing metasediments and the surrounding migmatitic gneisses. {P}seudosection calculation for a tsavorite-bearing metasediment indicates that tsavorite grew close to peak-{T} conditions at around 800 degrees {C}. {T}he tsavoritebearing formations have not melted extensively despite the high-grade metamorphism, in contrast with the surrounding migmatites. {T}he lack of partial melting is probably due to an enrichment in vanadium, chromium and titanium in the protoliths that have increased the stability field of micas toward high-{T}. {W}e suggest that the primary source of {V} and {C}r was the evaporite-bearing mudstones. {C}rystallisation of high grade {V} and {C}r rich tsavorite occurred in a closed system with little or no strain, in the presence of molten salts and {H}2{S}-{S}-8 fluids.}, keywords = {{K}enya ; {M}ozambican belt ; {K}urase group ; {T}savorite garnet ; {G}ranulite facies ; metamorphism ; {P}etrological modelling ; {KENYA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}ithos}, volume = {320}, numero = {}, pages = {250--264}, ISSN = {0024-4937}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1016/j.lithos.2018.09.010}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074794}, } @article{fdi:010074801, title = {{F}luid inclusions study of trapiche and non-trapiche rubies from the {M}ong {H}su deposit, {M}yanmar}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {P}ignatelli, {I}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {M}ong {H}su ruby deposit in {M}yanmar is a marble-type deposit. {I}t is well-known for attractive crystals with dark violet/ blue to black cores and ruby rims, as well as for trapiche rubies. {T}hese exceptional rubies have a texture composed of six growth sectors separated by six dendrites running from a central core to the six corners. {F}luid inclusions ({FI}) have been studied in both types of ruby, i.e., trapiche and non-trapiche crystals. {M}icrothenuometry combined with {R}aman spectrometry investigations of primary and secondary {FI} proved the existence of {CO}2-{H}2{S}-{COS}-{S}-8-{A}l{O}({OH})-bearing fluids with diaspore and native sulfur daughter minerals. {T}he carbonic fluid belongs to the {CO}2-{H}2{S} system with {CO}2 as a dominant component. {M}inor {COS} (1-2 mol.%) and diaspore indicate that {H}2{O} (similar to 1 mol.%) was present in the paleofluid. {T}he amount of {H}2{S} in {FI} from trapiche ruby is between 6.9 and 7.4 mol.% for the dendrites and from 7.2 to 15.7 mol.% for the growth sectors. {T}he {H}2{S} content is approximately 10 mol.% in {FI} from non-trapiche rubies. {T}he presence of dawsonite and previous crushing data carried out on well-cleaned crystals of non-trapiche ruby indicate that an ionic salt melt was present at the time of ruby formation. {T}he non-detection of this melt in trapiche ruby is attributed to the small size of the remnants of molten salts, making it difficult to observe them under the microscope. {F}ollowing this hypothesis, the {FI} assemblages in rubies would correspond to the trapping of two immiscible fluids. i.e.. a carbonic phase in the {CO}2-{H}2{S}-{COS}-{S}-8-{A}l{O}({OH})system and molten salts. {S}uch fluid phases are considered to be the product of metamorphism of evaporites during devolatilization of carbonates and thermal-sulfate reduction. {T}he formation of trapiche ruby is discussed in terms of possible variations of the composition of the fluid, temperature, and pressure conditions. {T}he variation in density of the carbonic fluids from the dendrites (0.70 < ds < 0.78) to the growth sectors (0.56 < ds < 0.68) records variation of fluid pressure in the metamorphic system. {T}his variation led to episodically local fluid overpressure and hydraulic fracturing in the marble. {D}uring such episodes, changes in driving-force conditions allowed for the formation of the trapiche texture in ruby: the development of dendrites and growth sectors occurred under high and low driving-force conditions, respectively. {N}on-trapiche ruby in veinlets formed concurrently under thermodynamic conditions similar to those registered for the growth sectors in trapiche ruby.}, keywords = {{M}ong {H}su deposit ; {M}yanmar ; ruby ; trapiche texture ; fluid inclusions ; microthermometry ; {R}aman spectrometry ; {CO}2-{H}2{S}-{COS}-{S}-8-{A}l{O}({OH}) system ; texture formation ; {MYANMAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {56}, numero = {5}, pages = {691--703}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1800013}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074801}, } @article{fdi:010071979, title = {{T}he role of evaporites in the formation of gems during metamorphism of carbonate platforms : a review}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {B}anks, {D}. and {B}ranquet, {Y}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {M}artelat, {J}. {E}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he mineral and fluid inclusions trapped by gemstones during the metamorphism of carbonate platform successions are precious markers for the understanding of gem genesis. {T}he nature and chemical composition of inclusions highlight the major contribution of evaporites through dissolution or fusion, depending on the temperature of formation from greenschist to granulite facies. {T}he fluids are highly saline {N}a{C}l-brines circulating either in an open system in the greenschist facies ({C}olombian and {A}fghan emeralds) and with huge fluid-rock metasomatic interactions, or sulphurous fluids (ruby, garnet tsavorite, zoisite tanzanite and lapis-lazuli) or molten salts formed in a closed system with a low fluid mobility (ruby in marble) in the conditions of the amphibolite to granulite facies. {T}hese chloride-fluoride-sulphate +/- carbonate-rich fluids scavenged the metals essential for gem formation. {A}t high temperature, the anions {SO}4 (2-), {NO}3 (-), {BO}3 (-) and {F}- are powerful fluxes which lower the temperature of chloride- and fluoride-rich ionic liquids. {T}hey provided transport over a very short distance of aluminium and/or silica and transition metals which are necessary for gem growth. {I}n summary, the genetic models proposed for these high-value and ornamental gems underline the importance of the metamorphism of evaporites formed on continental carbonate shelves and emphasise the chemical power accompanying metamorphism at moderate to high temperatures of evaporite-rich and organic matter-rich protoliths to form gem minerals.}, keywords = {{G}ems ; {E}merald ; {R}uby ; {G}arnet ; {Z}oisite ; {L}apis-lazuli ; {M}etamorphism ; {C}arbonate platform ; {E}vaporites ; {B}rines ; {F}ingerprints ; {S}alinity ; {M}olten ; salts ; {T}hermal reduction of sulphates ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {53}, numero = {1}, pages = {1--20}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2018}, DOI = {10.1007/s00126-017-0738-4}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071979}, } @article{fdi:010071370, title = {{C}hronological constraints on tsavorite mineralizations and related metamorphic episodes in southeast {K}enya}, author = {{M}artelat, {J}. {E}. and {P}aquette, {J}. {L}. and {B}osse, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}onie, {P}. and {O}mito, {E}. and {S}imonet, {C}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {I}chan{G}'{I}, {D}. and {N}yamai, {C}. and {W}amunyu, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}savorite is exclusively hosted in the {N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt ({NMMB}). {T}he gemstone mines, widespread between {K}alalani ({T}anzania) and {M}gama {R}idge ({K}enya), define a continuous corridor over a hundred kilometers in length. {T}he tsavorite is hosted by a metasedimentary sequence defined as the {K}urase tsavorite-bearing metasediments ({K}urase{TB} metasediments) that also hosts rubies. {T}hese metasediments underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism and are surrounded by granulitic gneisses that are also of sedimentary origin (the {K}urase high-temperature gneisses). {A}ll these rocks lie below the {K}asigau {G}roup, a unit dominated by granulite-facies metamagmatic rocks. {T}o constrain the timing of events that led to this peculiar occurrence of tsavorite, we have performed geochronological analyses of thin sections and of separated grains of zircon, monazite, and rutile using {LA}-{ICP}-{MS} and {ID}-{TIMS}, as well as 40 {A}r/ 39 {A}r of muscovite and phlogopite from various lithologies. {T}he results show that the different terranes were metamorphosed synchronously between 620-580 {M}a but under different {P}-{T} strain conditions. {T}he {K}urase-{HT} gneisses and the rocks from the {K}asigau {G}roup are highly strained and underwent granulite-facies metamorphism with abundant partial melting and emplacement of felsic melts between 620 and 600 {M}a. {T}extural observations also underlined a late regional water flux controlling the occurrence of {V}-free muscovite and monazite mineralizations at 585 {M}a. {T}he latter event can be related to theactivity of the {G}alana shear zone, in the east. {T}he {K}urase-{TB} metasediments escaped strain and partial melting. {T}hey record amphibolite-facies conditions with static heating, since initial sedimentary structures were locally preserved. {T}he age of the tsavorite mineralization was inferred at 600 {M}a from metamorphic zircon rims and monazite from the closest host-rocks, sampled in the mines. {H}ence, tsavorite crystallization occurred statically at the end of the metamorphic event, probably when the temperature and the amount of volatiles were at maximum levels. {C}onversely, the ruby formed by local metasomatism of felsic dikes and isolated ultramafic bodies. {T}he rubies are older and zircons and monazites from a ruby-bearing felsic dike (plumasite) were dated at 615 {M}a. {F}inally, data from rutile and micas indicate a global cooling below 430 degrees {C} of the whole region between 510 and 500 {M}a.}, keywords = {tsavorite ; zircon and monazite in situ dating ; {A}r-{A}r dating ; {K}enya ; {T}savo ; granulite and amphibolite facies ; {KENYA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {5}, pages = {845--865}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700019}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010071370}, } @article{fdi:010070897, title = {{T}he origin of a new pargasite-schist hosted ruby deposit from {P}aranesti, {N}orthern {G}reece}, author = {{W}ang, {K}. {K}. and {G}raham, {I}. {T}. and {L}ay, {A}. and {H}arris, {S}. {J}. and {C}ohen, {D}. {R}. and {V}oudouris, {P}. and {B}elousova, {E}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {G}reig, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{G}em-quality (cabochon) ruby-bearing occurrences (here termed {PAR}-1 and {PAR}-5) located near {P}aranesti, north eastern {G}reece have been systematically studied for the first time in this paper. {T}ectonically, the occurrences are located within the {N}estos {S}hear {Z}one ({NSZ}). {T}he {NSZ} separates two distinct geological units. {T}he {R}hodope {T}errane is a heterogeneous unit of gneisses, mafic, ultramafic, and meta-sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall. {T}he footwall {P}angaion-{P}irin {C}omplex consists of marbles and acid gneisses of a {M}esozoic carbonate platform on pre-{M}esozoic continental basement. {I}n this paper, a range of petrographic and geochemical techniques were used to determine (1) any similarities and differences to other mafic-ultramafic hosted ruby deposits worldwide; (2) distinctive geochemical fingerprints for {P}aranesti; and (3) the likely {P}-{T} conditions of formation. {D}etailed petrographic and whole-rock analyses utilizing {ICP}-{MS}, {XRF}, and {XRD} have found the {P}aranesti corundum to be of a mafic/ultramafic protolith with approximately 40 wt.% {S}i{O}2, 16 wt.% {M}g, 11000 ppm {C}r, and 440 ppm {N}i. {EMPA} major element analysis determined the mineral inclusions within the corundum grains to be picotite and hercynite spinels. {P}argasite is the dominant amphibole within the corundum-bearing amphibole schist host. {T}he surrounding non-corundum bearing chlorite schist mainly comprises clinochlore. {P}etrographic examination of the mineral assemblages within the corundum-bearing schists revealed strong fracturing and alignment (parallel to the main regional foliation) of the corundum grains and margarite reaction rims around the corundum. {T}he surrounding non-corundum amphibolites also contain anorthite, along with relict sillimanite, kyanite, and chlorite/muscovite/epidote overprinting. {D}etailed {LA}-{ICP}-{MS} trace element analysis of the color range of corundum from the two occurrences showed the corundum to be mainly of metamorphic origin, though pale rubies from {PAR}-5 suggest some metasomatic influence. {T}he corundum displays distinctive geochemical locality signatures, with a combination of high {C}r (average 2300 ppm with 15% sample points on core positions >5000 ppm and maximum 8600 ppm); high {S}i (average 1400 ppm with 40% over 1500 ppm and maximum 2500 ppm), low {M}g (average 30 ppm), and very low {V}, {T}i, and {G}a. {B}ased on the literature for similar occurrences, and the mineral assemblages observed at {P}aranesti, the estimated {P}-{T} conditions of corundum formation are,7 kbar and <750 degrees {C}, similar to the mafic {A}frican amphibolite-hosted rubies. {T}his study has found the {P}aranesti occurrences to be most similar to the {W}inza, {T}anzania ruby deposit, whilst there are some similarities to other high-{C}r ruby deposits, primarily the {F}isken ae sset, {G}reenland and metamorphic amphibolitic schist hosted {A}frican deposits. {T}he {P}aranesti corundum most likely formed during regional amphibolite facies metamorphism which created the {N}estos {S}hear {Z}one, along with a lesser influence (primarily observed in the {PAR}-5 occurrence) of more localized metasomatism. {S}ubsequent multiple greenschist facies retrogression of the occurrences resulted in the current-day host amphibole-chlorite schist assemblages.}, keywords = {{P}aranesti {G}reece ; rubies ; pargasite schist ; margarite ; spinel inclusion ; {R}hodope ; {N}estos {S}hear {Z}one ; mafic/ultramafic ; retrogression ; metasomatic ; {P}-{T} conditions ; {GRECE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {535--560}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070897}, } @article{fdi:010070896, title = {{F}luid inclusion and stable isotope constraints on the formation of the ianapera emerald deposit, southern madagascar}, author = {{S}alvi, {S}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {A}ndrianjakavah, {P}. {R}. and {M}oine, {B}. and {B}eziat, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {I}anapera emerald deposit is hosted in the {N}eoproterozoic {V}ohibory domain of southern {M}adagascar, within a tightly folded metamorphic sequence of mafic and ultramafic rocks ({M}-{UMR}), gneiss, and marble, a few kilometers north of the major tectonic break known as the {I}anapera-{A}mpanihy {S}uture. {L}ate-collisional metaluminous to peraluminous felsic intrusions outcrop in the area. {E}merald occurs mostly within metasomatic phlogopitite and quartz-tourmaline veins, developed within lenses of {M}-{UMR}. {R}ecent work recognized granitic pegmatites as the source of the emerald-forming fluids, leading to the classification of proximal and distal mineralization styles, based on whether or not pegmatites are associated with the phlogopitite, respectively ({A}ndrianjakavah et al. 2009). {C}onsiderations of the chemistry of tourmaline and scapolite associated with emerald and beryl, data from fluid and solid inclusions in these minerals, thermodynamic calculations, and mineral thermobarometric data confirm that {B}e originated from the pegmatites, transported in a moderately saline aqueous fluid that exsolved at about 600 to 680 degrees {C} and 4-6 kbars. {T}his fluid was enriched in alkali elements, incompatible elements and dissolved sulfur, and produced the proximal mineralization. {M}igration along fractures caused loss of at least part of the pegmatitic elements and local mixing with a metamorphic {CO}2-rich fluid, leading to the more distal mineralization at somewhat lower temperatures (520 to 650 degrees {C}). {O}xygen and hydrogen stable isotopes were measured from beryl and emerald; the data corroborate a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the mineralization and a common source for proximal and distal fluids. {T}he calculated delta {O}-18({H}2{O}) of 12.5% at 520 degrees {C} for the distal emerald and the delta {D}-{H}2{O} range measured from the channel of the emerald samples fit within the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic range of values defined for peraluminous granitic magmatism. {T}he occurrence of a distal style of emerald mineralization such as typified by {I}anapera suggests that metamorphic origin models for similar occurrences worldwide should be taken with care and possibly reconsidered in terms of source and origin of fluids and metals.}, keywords = {southern {M}adagascar ; {I}anapera ; emerald ; distal and proximal deposits ; fluid inclusions ; {O}-{H} isotopes ; scapolite ; tourmaline ; {P}-{T}-{X} conditions ; metasomatism ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {619--650}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700017}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070896}, } @article{fdi:010070895, title = {{R}ecent advances in understanding the similarities and differences of colombian euclases}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}orlot, {C}. and {R}ouer, {O}. and {C}laiser, {N}. and {C}hatagnier, {P}. {Y}. and {G}oubert, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}olombian euclase is rare and associated with emerald in medium-temperature hydrothermal veins hosted by {L}ower {C}retaceous black shales ({BS}). {T}he original sources of euclase production were the mining districts of {G}achala and {C}hivor in the eastern emerald belt, but in 2016 euclases were also found at the {L}a {M}arina mine in the western emerald belt. {T}he present study is centered on a chemical and mineralogical examination of zoned {C}olombian euclase sold on the gem market as "trapiche'. {I}ts texture is characterized by growth bands and sectors distinguished by the presence of numerous inclusions (mainly pyrite, carbonates, and organic matter) which represent around 0.2% of the total volume of the crystals. {X}ray computed tomography showed that the largest inclusions are randomly located, whereas the small inclusions are concentrated in the center of the crystals, along the crystallographic b axis, between neighboring growth sectors and between growth bands in each sector. {T}he texture cannot be defined as "trapiche', like that of {C}olombian emeralds, because there is no matrix material from the surrounding {BS} trapped between the growth sectors and accumulated as dendrites. {T}hree-phase fluid inclusions ({FI}) containing halite, liquid, and vapor phases are also observed in the euclase, and their volume is identical to that of the inclusions in emerald. {C}hromium and vanadium are the main chromophores, and the highest concentrations (1240 and 400 ppm, respectively) were found in deep blue-colored zones. {S}urprisingly, the euclase crystals have high {G}e contents, between 230 and 530 ppm. {T}he {R}are {E}arth {E}lement ({REE}) patterns of euclase are inherited from the enclosed {BS} or albitized and carbonatized {BS}. {E}uclase has the same {REE} pattern as emerald from the {G}achala mines with an {E}u anomaly ({E}u/{E}u* similar to 0.40) and a depletion in {H}eavy {R}are {E}arth {E}lements ({HREE}). {T}he present study allows for the reconstruction of the formation conditions of "trapiche' euclase and discussion about its probable geographic origin, i.e., the eastern emerald belt.}, keywords = {{C}olombia ; emerald belts ; euclase ; "trapiche' texture ; trace-elements ; {REE} ; germanium ; geological formation ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {799--820}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700011}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070895}, } @article{fdi:010070894, title = {{A}ge and origin of the tsavorite and tanzanite mineralizing fluids in the neoproterozoic {M}ozambique metamorphic belt}, author = {{F}eneyrol, {J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}emaiffe, {D}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {M}artelat, {J}. {E}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {A}. {F}. {M}. and {O}mito, {E}. and {I}chan{G}'{I}, {D}. and {N}yamai, {C}. and {W}amunyu, {A}. {W}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he genetic model previously proposed for tsavorite-(and tanzanite-) bearing mineralization hosted in the {N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt (stretching from {K}enya through {T}anzania to {M}adagascar) is refined on the basis of new {S}m-{N}d age determinations and detailed {S}r-{O}-{S} isotope and fluid-inclusion studies. {T}he deposits are hosted within meta-sedimentary series composed of quartzites, graphitic gneisses, calc-silicate rocks intercalated with meta-evaporites, and marbles. {T}savorite occurs either in nodules (also called "boudins') oriented parallel to the metamorphic foliation in all of the deposits in the metamorphic belt or in quartz veins and lenses located at the hinges of anticlinal folds ({L}elatema fold belt and {R}uangwa deposits, {T}anzania). {G}em tanzanite occurs in pockets and lenses in the {L}elatema fold belt of northern {T}anzania. {T}he {S}m-{N}d isotopic data for tsavorites and tanzanites hosted in quartz veins and lenses from {M}erelani demonstrate that they formed at 600 {M}a, during the retrograde metamorphic episode associated with the {E}ast {A}frican {O}rogeny. {T}he tsavorites hosted in nodules do not provide reliable ages: their sedimentary protoliths had heterogeneous compositions and their {S}m-{N}d system was not completely rehomogenized, even at the local scale, by the fluid-absent metamorphic recrystallization. {T}he initial {S}r-87/(86) {S}r isotopic ratios of calcite from marble and tanzanites from {M}erelani fit with the strontium isotopic composition of {N}eoproterozoic marine carbonates. {S}eawater sediment deposition in the {M}ozambique {O}cean took place around 720 {M}a. {T}he quartz-zoisite {O}-isotopic thermometer indicates a temperature of formation for zoisite between 385 and 448 degrees {C}. {T}he sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite (between -7.8 and -1.3% {V}-{CDT}) associated with tsavorite in the {L}elatema fold belt deposits suggests the contribution of reduced marine sulfate. {T}he sulfur in pyrite in the marbles was likely derived from bacterial sulfate reduction which produced {H}2{S}. {F}luid inclusion data from tsavorite and tanzanite samples from the {M}erelani mine indicate the presence of a dominant {H}2{S}-{S}-8 +/-({CH}4)+/-({N}-2)+/-({H}2{O})-bearing fluid. {I}n the deposits in {K}enya and {M}adagascar, the replacement of sulfate by tsavorite in the nodules and the boron isotopic composition of tourmaline associated with tsavorite are strong arguments in favor of the participation of evaporites in garnet formation.}, keywords = {{N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt ; tsavorite ; tanzanite ; {S}m/{N}d ; dating ; {S}r-{O}-{S}-isotopes ; fluid inclusion ; origin of the fluids. ; {KENYA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {763--786}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1600085}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070894}, } @article{fdi:010070893, title = {{O}rigin of scapolite-hosted sapphire (corundum) near {K}immirut, {B}affin island, {N}unavut, {C}anada}, author = {{B}elley, {P}. {M}. and {D}zikowski, {T}. {J}. and {F}agan, {A}. and {C}empirek, {J}. and {G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {M}ortensen, {J}. {K}. and {F}ayek, {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {G}ertzbein, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{G}em-quality corundum (sapphire) occurs in scapolite-rich calc-silicate rock hosted in marble of the {L}ake {H}arbour {G}roup near {K}immirut, southern {B}affin {I}sland. {A} deposit of blue and colorless gem corundum ({B}eluga occurrence) is compared to a similar calc-silicate pod generally lacking corundum but containing nepheline ({B}owhead occurrence) and located 170 m to the {SSW}. {C}orundum formation was made possible by three equally important sequential metamorphic reactions: (1) formation of nepheline, diopside, and {K}-feldspar (inferred) at granulite facies peak metamorphic conditions; (2) partial retrograde replacement of the peak assemblage by phlogopite, oligoclase, calcite, and scapolite ({M}e-50-{M}e-67) as a result of {CO}2-, {H}2{O}-, {C}l-, {F}-bearing fluid influx at 1782.5 +/- 3.7 {M}a ({P}-{T} < 720 degrees {C}, 6.2 kbar); and (3) retrograde breakdown of scapolite + nepheline (with {CO}2-and {H}2{O}-bearing fluid) to form albite, muscovite, corundum, and calcite. {L}ate, low-temperature zeolite mineralization is common in corundum-bearing zones. {B}ased on thermodynamic models, the corundum-forming reaction only occurs in a <100 degrees {C} window with an upper limit determined by scapolite-nepheline stability, and a lower limit determined by the formation of {A}l-silicate rather than corundum. {T}he protolith is inferred to be dolomitic argillaceous marl with no evidence to suggest the initial presence of evaporites. {T}he enrichment of trace metals {V} and {C}r, and the depletion of {C}o, {N}i, and {M}n, suggest reducing diagenetic conditions in the initial sediment. {B}eluga calc-silicate rock is strongly depleted in {REE} ({T}otal {REE} similar to 18 ppm). {O}xy-dravite delta {B}-11 (+3.9 +/- 0.7%) is consistent with a marine boron source. {T}he oxygen isotope composition of corundum (delta {O}-18({VSMOW}) = 16.4 +/- 0.1%) is comparable to that of corundum in marble or desilicated pegmatite associated with marble. {P}hlogopite and muscovite {A}r-40/(39) {A}r ages and calculated closure temperatures (considered estimates) are ca. 1640 {M}a ({T}-c = 455 to 515 degrees {C}) and 1510 {M}a ({T}c = 410 to 425 degrees {C}), respectively. {I}n the {L}ake {H}arbour {G}roup, the most prospective areas for gem corundum exploration are expected to be contiguous to the thrust fault separating the {L}ake {H}arbour {G}roup and {N}arsajuaq terranes, where the retrograde, amphibolite facies overprint of the granulite peak assemblages was most pervasive.}, keywords = {sapphire ; corundum ; marble ; calc-silicate rock ; scapolite ; gem deposits ; metamarl ; nepheline ; proterozoic ; {CANADA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {669--699}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700018}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070893}, } @article{fdi:010070892, title = {{P}ink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {B}oyce, {A}. {J}. and {P}ardieu, {V}. and {P}ham, {V}. {L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he oxygen isotopic composition of pink to red and other colored spinels hosted by marbles worldwide have been combined with trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis ({EMPA}). {F}or the first time, this database enables the characterization of the geographic origin of the main productive and historical sources of gem spinel. {T}hree consistent sets of delta {O}-18 values were found for primary and placer deposits: (1) between 5.6 and 8.6% for the historical {K}uh-i-{L}al spinels from {T}ajikistan; (2) from 12.1 to 18.5% for spinels from {A}n {P}hu and {C}ong {T}roi in {V}ietnam, and {N}amya from {M}yanmar; and (3) between 19.0 and 24.2% for spinels from {P}aigutan in {N}epal, {K}iswila and {I}panko in {T}anzania, {P}amreso in {K}enya, {M}ogok in {M}yanmar, and {A}n {P}hu in {V}ietnam. {T}he variation in the delta {O}-18 values for most of the deposits can be related to the buffering of the metamorphic fluids by the oxygen isotope composition of the impure marbles. {T}he delta {O}-18 values of {K}uh-i-{L}al spinels result from a metasomatic skarn process between granitic intrusives and marble. {T}race elements, such as {F}e-{Z}n-{C}r-{V}-{T}i, presented in various new chemical discrimination diagrams allow for the differentiation of all the pink to red spinels. {T}he slight overlaps observed for some chemical domains can be resolved by combination with the {O}-isotope composition of spinel. {T}he present study shows that it is possible to discriminate gem spinels hosted by marbles from different geographic regions of the world and provides new insights into the traceability of historical spinels such as those from {K}uh-i-{L}al.}, keywords = {marble ; pink and red spinel ; trace elements ; oxygen isotopes ; geographic ; origin ; {ASIE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {TAJIKISTAN} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {MYANMAR} ; {KENYA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {SRI} {LANKA} ; {NEPAL} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {AFGHANISTAN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {55}, numero = {4}, pages = {743--761}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2017}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.1700009}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010070892}, } @article{fdi:010066282, title = {{C}olombian trapiche emeralds : recent advances in understanding their formation}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {A}grosi, {G}. and {M}athieu, {S}. and {M}orlot, {C}. and {B}ranquet, {Y}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}olombia is the traditional source of the world's finest emeralds, including the famed trapiche crystals, with their distinctive texture resembling a wheel with six spokes, {T}his gemological curiosity, found exclusively in the black shales of the country's western emerald zone, is linked to the peculiar structural geology of the deposits. {T}he study presents a review and update on {C}olombian trapiche emeralds, followed by a three-dimensional examination of the crystals combined with spectroscopic and chemical analyses. {T}he proposed formation model incorporates the structural geology of the deposits with the formation of trapiche and non-trapiche emeralds, {T}he fluid accumulation at the faults' tip in the black shales leads to maximum fluid overpressure and sudden decompression and formation of the emerald bearing vein system. {T}he authors show that trapiche emerald growth starts at the beginning of the decompression that is responsible for local supersaturation of the fluid. {T}he hydrothermal fluid comes in contact with the black shale matrix, favoring the formation of emerald seed crystals. {D}uring the growth of these seeds, textural sector zoning occurs, sometimes associated with chemical sector zoning, along with displacement of the matrix. {D}isplacement growth occurs because the emeralds continue their growth, pushing the matrix material away from the growing faces. {A}n overgrowth, generally of gem quality, can form after decompression, surrounding the core, the arms, and the dendrites, restoring the emeralds' euhedral habit.}, keywords = {{COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {51}, numero = {3}, pages = {222--259}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.5741/gems.51.3.222}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066282}, } @article{fdi:010066280, title = {{T}rapiche nomenclature : {R}eply}, author = {{P}ignatelli, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {51}, numero = {4}, pages = {463--463}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2015}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066280}, } @article{fdi:010064783, title = {{F}luid inclusions in ruby from {A}sian marble deposits : genetic implications}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {B}anks, {D}. {A}. and {L}homme, {T}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}rimary fluid inclusion ({FI}) assemblages in ruby from marble at {M}ogok and fifteen other deposits from central and {S}outheast {A}sia were studied by microthermometry, {R}aman spectroscopy and crush-leach analysis. {M}icrothermometry combined with {R}aman spectroscopy investigations of primary {FT} in {M}ogok rubies indicated the simultaneous trapping of carbonic {FT} in the system {CO}2-{H}2{S} (+/- {COS} +/- {S}-8) and multi-solid carbonic {FI} in the system {N}a-{K}-{C}a-{CO}3-{SO}4-{NO}3-{C}l-{F} +/-({CO}2-{H}2{S}). {T}he multiple solids are mainly mixtures of {N}a-{C}a-{A}l carbonates such as shortite and dawsonite, sulphates, phosphates, nitrates, fluorides, and chlorides such as halite. {T}hey represent the trapped recrystallised residues of molten salts formed during the metamorphism of evaporite lenses (chlorides and sulphates) intercalated in the carbonate rocks. {R}aman spectroscopy of solids in {FT} from all {A}sian rubies hosted in marbles identified both (i) accidentally trapped minerals mainly calcite, dolomite and rutile, and (ii) daughter phases, i.e., native sulphur, diaspore and boehmite, and {N}a-{K}-{C}a chlorides, anhydrite, dawsonite, shortite and fluorides. {C}rush-leach analysis of ruby crystals identified chloride as the dominant anion, but sulphate and nitrate are present at only slightly lower concentrations, whereas they are the dominant species in some {P}akistani deposits. {T}he {N}a-{K}-{C}a-{L}i-{CO}3-{SO}4-{NO}3-{C}l-{F} molten salt assemblages and the presence of nitrate and phosphate indicate the deposition of the original sediments in a coastal sabkha with ephemeral marine and continental water flooding. {I}nput of {V}- and {C}r-bearing argillite to the salty mudflats insured the formation of rubies in marble during {C}enozoic metamorphism.}, keywords = {ruby in marble ; meta-evaporites ; {A}sia ; microthermometry ; {R}aman spectroscopy ; crush-leach method ; fluid inclusion ; molten salts ; {N}a-{K}-{C}a-{L}i-{CO}3-{SO}4-{NO}3-{C}l-{F} system ; {ASIE} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {TADJIKISTAN} ; {NEPAL} ; {MYANMAR} ; {VIET} {NAM}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}uropean {J}ournal of {M}ineralogy}, volume = {27}, numero = {3}, pages = {393--404}, ISSN = {0935-1221}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2442}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064783}, } @article{fdi:010064156, title = {{G}eochemical and oxygen isotope signatures of mantle corundum megacrysts from the {M}buji-{M}ayi kimberlite, {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo, and the {C}hangle alkali basalt, {C}hina}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {P}ivin, {M}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}ong, {Y}. and {D}emaiffe, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}xygen isotope signatures of ruby and sapphire megacrysts, combined with trace-element analysis, from the {M}buji-{M}ayi kimberlite, {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo, and the {C}hangle alkali basalt, {C}hina, provide clues to specify their origin in the deep {E}arth. {A}t {M}buji-{M}ayi, pink sapphires have 8180 values in the range 4.3 to 5.4 parts per thousand ({N}=10) with a mean of 4.9 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand, and rubies from 5.5 to 5.6 parts per thousand ({N}=3). {T}he {G}a/{M}g ratio of pink sapphires is between 1.9 and 3.9, and in rubies, between 0.6 and 2.6. {T}he blue or yellow sapphires from {C}hangle have delta {O}-18 values from 4.6 to 5.2 parts per thousand, with a mean of 4.9 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand ({N}=9). {T}he {G}a/{M}g ratio is between 5.7 and 11.3. {T}he homogenous isotopic composition of ruby suggests a derivation from upper mantle xenoliths (garnet lherzolite, pyroxenite) or metagabbros and/or lower crustal garnet clinopyroxenite eclogite-type xenoliths included in kimberlites. {D}ata from the pink sapphires from {M}buji-{M}ayi suggest a mantle origin, but different probable protoliths: either subducted oceanic protolith transformed into eclogite with delta {O}-18 values buffered to the mantle value, or clinopyroxenite protoliths in peridotite. {T}he {C}hangle sapphires have a mantle {O}-isotope signature. {T}hey probably formed in syenitic magmas produced by low degree partial melting of a spinel {I}herzolite source. {T}he kimberlite and the alkali basalt acted as gem conveyors from the upper mantle up to the surface.}, keywords = {{O}xygen isotopes ; {C}hemistry ; {C}orundum ; {K}imberlite ; {A}lkali basalt ; {O}rigin ; {M}antle ; {REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO} ; {CHINE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}eoscience}, volume = {347}, numero = {1}, pages = {24--34}, ISSN = {1631-0713}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1016/j.crte.2014.12.003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064156}, } @article{fdi:010062307, title = {{O}rigin of gem corundum in calcite marble : the {R}evelstoke occurrence in the {C}anadian {C}ordillera of {B}ritish {C}olumbia}, author = {{D}zikowski, {T}. {J}. and {C}empirek, {J}. and {G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {D}ipple, {G}. {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he calcite marble-hosted gem corundum (ruby, sapphire) occurrence near {R}evelstoke, {B}ritish {C}olumbia, {C}anada, occurs in the {M}onashee {C}omplex of the {O}mineca {B}elt of the {C}anadian {C}ordillera. {C}orundum occurs in thin, folded and stretched layers with green muscovite + {B}a-bearing {K}-feldspar + anorthite ({A}n(0.85-1)) +/- phlogopite +/- {N}a-poor scapolite. {O}ther silicate layers within the marble are composed of: (1) diopside + tremolite quartz and (2) garnet ({A}lm(0.7-05){G}rs(0.2-0.4)) + {N}a-rich scapolite + diopside + tremolite + {N}a,{K}-amphiboles. {N}on-silicate layers in the marble are either magnetite- or graphite-bearing. {P}redominantly pink (locally red or purple) opaque to transparent corundum crystals have elevated {C}r2{O}3 (<= 0.21 wt.%) and variable amounts of {T}i{O}2; rare blue rims on the corundum crystals contain higher amounts of {T}i{O}2 (<= 0.53 wt.%) and {F}e2{O}3 (<= 0.07 wt.%). {T}he associated micas have elevated {C}r, {V}, {T}i, and {B}a contents. {P}etrography of the silicate layers show that corundum formed from muscovite at the peak of metamorphism (similar to 650-700 degrees {C} at 8.5-9 kbar). {B}ecause the marble is almost pure calcite (dolomite is very rare), the corundum was preserved because it did not react with dolomite to spinel + calcite during decompression. {T}he scapolite-bearing assemblages formed during or after decompression of the rock at similar to 650 degrees {C} and 4-6 kbar. {G}em-quality corundum crystals formed especially on borders of the mica-feldspar layers in an assemblage with calcite. {W}hole rock geochemistry data show that the corundum-bearing silicate (mica-feldspar) layers formed by mechanical mixing of carbonate with the host gneiss protolith; the bulk composition of the silicate layers was modified by {S}i and {F}e depletion during prograde metamorphism. {H}igh element mobility is supported by the homogenization of delta {O}-18 and delta {C}-13 values in carbonates and silicates for the marble and silicate layers. {T}he silicate layers and the gneiss contain elevated contents of {C}r and {V} due to the volcanoclastic component of their protolith.}, keywords = {{C}orundum ; {M}uscovite ; {C}alcite marble ; {O}xygen isotopes ; {G}eochemistry ; {M}etamorphism ; {CANADA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}ithos}, volume = {198}, numero = {}, pages = {281--297}, ISSN = {0024-4937}, year = {2014}, DOI = {10.1016/j.lithos.2014.03.030}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062307}, } @article{fdi:010062240, title = {{C}hemical and oxygen isotopic compositions, age and origin of gem corundums in {M}adagascar alkali basalts}, author = {{R}akotosamizanany, {S}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {A}. {F}. {M}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {P}aquette, {J}. {L}. and {T}iepolo, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}adagascar is a large producer of gem corundum recovered from continental basaltic fields. {T}he main mining areas are sapphire-bearing palaeoplacer deposits such as {A}mbondromifehy and {N}osy {B}e in {A}ntsiranana {P}rovince, northern {M}adagascar; {S}oamiakatra-{M}androsohasina in {A}ntananarivo {P}rovince, central {M}adagascar; and {V}atomandry district in {T}oamasina {P}rovince, eastern {M}adagascar. {I}n {A}ntananarivo {P}rovince, {S}oamiakatra is a primary deposit where ruby is found in metagabbro and pyroxenite xenoliths, brought-up to the upper crust by the {A}nkaratra volcanics. {P}etrographic studies indicate two different conditions of ruby formation, at the boundary of the eclogite domain ({T} 1100 {C}, {P} 20 kb) and granulite facies ({T} 1100 {C}, {P} < 15 kb). {I}n contrast, most of the sapphires in placer and paleoplacer have two origins: (i) differentiation of alkaline magma in chambers at the lower continental crust-mantle boundary (90% of the sapphires). {T}hey are related to syenite and anorthoclasite xenoliths in the basalts. {T}hese alkali-basalt hosts are linked with asthenosphere upwelling and {E}-{W} and {N}-5 lithosphere thinning during {O}ligocene-{Q}uaternary times. {Z}ircons associated with the sapphires from {M}androsohasina and {A}mbatomainty sapphire deposits gave {U}-{P}b ages at 7 {M}a. {T}he sapphires have low 8180 values of 4.1 +/- 0.4%, (n = 8), within the range of sapphire in syenitic rocks. {C}hemical composition and mineral inclusions in sapphires, such as columbite-({F}e), tantalite-({M}n), pyrochlore group, samarksite group, uraninite and anorthoclase confirm their syenitic origin. (ii) metamorphic xenocrysts (10%) brought up by the same magma. {O}xygen isotopic compositions of rubies from placer deposits, 8180 = 3.1 +/- 1.1%0(n = 6) are typical of ruby in mafic and ultramafic rocks and 'plumasite' in mafic rocks (1.25 < {SO} < 7.5%0, n = 35). {I}n {T}oamasina {P}rovince, the sapphires of {V}atomandry are mainly of metamorphic origin (similar to 85%) and their 8180 = 4.1 0.4 parts per thousand (n = 9) are low and overlaps the range defined for metasomatic sapphires linked to 'plumasites' and biotite schists in shear zones; 15% of the sapphires are magmatic in origin with a low delta {O}-18-isotopic range in the sapphire-bearing syenites field. {I}n {A}ntsiranana {P}rovince, there are no rubies and sapphires are either magmatic (similar to 40%) or metamorphic (similar to 60%) in origin. {T}he 8180 = 4.5 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand (n = 11) values are similar to the mean 8180 of sapphires from other two {P}rovinces. {T}wo {U}/{P}b ages on zircons gave two contrasted ages at respectively 40.6 {M}a for {A}mbondromifehy and 0.7 {M}a for {N}osy {B}e sapphire deposits. {T}he characteristics of the corundum, their isotopic compositions as well as their ages demonstrate the existence of two distinct sources of corundum associated with alkali-basalts in {M}adagascar. {O}n one hand, the rubies associated with metagabbros and garnet-bearing pyroxenites are linked to mafic and ultramafic complexes of eclogite facies at the boundary between lower crust and upper mantle, retrograded to granulite fades during the {P}an-{A}frican event. {O}n the other hand, the sapphires brought up during the {E}ocene to {Q}uaternary are interpreted to be either magmatic and coeval with a volcanic event involving differentiated alkaline magma, or metamorphic and extracted from the pre-existing {P}recambrian basement during the extrusion of the magma.}, keywords = {{M}adagascar ; {P}lacer in alkali-basalt ; {G}em corundum deposits ; {C}hemical ; composition ; {O}xygen isotopes ; {G}enetic model ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {A}frican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {94}, numero = {{SI}}, pages = {156--170}, ISSN = {1464-343{X}}, year = {2014}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062240}, } @article{fdi:010062245, title = {{I}ncipient charnockitisation due to carbonic fluid transfer related to late {P}an-{A}frican transcurrent tectonics in {M}adagascar; implications for mobility of {F}e, {T}i, {REE} and other elements}, author = {{N}{\'e}d{\'e}lec, {A}. and {G}uillaume, {D}. and {C}ourn{\`e}de, {C}. and {D}uran, {C}. and {M}acouin, {M}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}ncipient charnockitisation of an {A}-type granite protolith has been recognized in a spectacular outcrop 35 km north of {A}ntananarivo. {T}he charnockites form structurally-controlled dark greenish patches suggesting channelized fluid transfer, during and after partial reworking of the granite coeval with the {A}ntananarivo virgation zone (ca 560 {M}a) and/or the {A}ngavo shear zone of late-{P}anafrican age (ca 550 {M}a). {T}hey are characterized by a significant increase of the bulk magnetic susceptibility. {T}he granitic protolith contains quartz, perthitic alkali feldspar, high-{T}i hastingsitand accessory minerals (apatite, allanite, magnetite and zircon). {T}he charnockitic granite contains quartz, perthitic alkali feldspar and ghost (altered) orthopyroxene crystals, as well as secondary low-{T}i hastingsite surrounding orthopyroxene. {T}he large increase of magnetic susceptibility magnitudes is related to the formation of pockets of secondary magnetite, spatially associated with quartz and other accessories, such as fluorine, calcite, bastnaesite, sphalerite, {T}i-oxide and ({C}a, {REE})fluor-carbonates, in fluid percolation zones or in reaction rims around ghost orthopyroxene. {F}luid inclusions entrapped in quartz grains witness the presence of {CO}2-rich hydrocarbonic fluids of low salinity, that are more abundant in charnockites than in granites. {I}t is suggested that the rocks underwent a rather long history of fluid percolation, leading to prograde and then retrograde transformations. {T}he corresponding metasomatic changes point to the mobility of {T}i, {F}e, {C}a, {Z}n, {F} and {REE}. {T}hese changes are consistent with the {CO}2-rich nature of the percolating fluids.}, keywords = {{C}harnockite ; {CO}2 ; {M}agnetic susceptibility ; {M}adagascar ; {P}an-{A}frican ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {A}frican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {94}, numero = {{SI}}, pages = {86--99}, ISSN = {1464-343{X}}, year = {2014}, DOI = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.07.005}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062245}, } @article{fdi:010062020, title = {{N}ew typology and origin of tsavorite based on trace-element chemistry}, author = {{F}eneyrol, {J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {R}ondeau, {B}. and {F}ritsch, {E}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {I}chang'i, {D}. and {O}mito, {E}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}. and {R}anatsenho, {M}. and {L}allier, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{N}ew electron-microprobe analyses of 'tsavorites' from the {N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt deposits allow the characterization of green grossular according to its trace-element chemistry ({V}, {C}r, {M}n). {F}ive chemical types are defined: type 1, vanadian grossular with {V} > {C}r > {M}n (in atoms per formula unit); type 2, vanadian grossular with {V} > {M}n > {C}r; type 3, {M}n-bearing vanadian grossular with {M}n > {V} > {C}r; type 4, {M}n-bearing chromian grossular with {M}n > {C}r > {V}; and type 5, {C}r- and {M}n-bearing grossular with {C}r > {M}n > {V}. {T}hese types are also characterized by different absorption spectra in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared. {T}ype 1 tsavorite spectra show a total absorption below 430 nm due to the high vanadium contents. {T}ype 2 tsavorite spectra present the classical absorption bands of {V}. {T}ypes 3 and 4 tsavorite spectra display additional shoulders at 407 and 408 nm due to {M}n2+, whereas spectra of {C}r-bearing types 4 and 5 tsavorite show the two additional bands of {C}r3+ at 697 and 701 nm. {T}he different absorption spectra also indicate {F}e2+-{T}i4+ charge transfer. {W}e measured {OH} equivalent to 0.08 to 0.38 wt% eq. {H}2{O} within the structure. {C}oncentrations of vanadium, chromium and manganese are good chemical "fingerprints" for determining the geographic provenance of economic tsavorite from {K}enya, {T}anzania and {M}adagascar.}, keywords = {tsavorite ; green grossular ; electron microprobe analysis ; {UV}-{V}is-{NIR} ; absorption spectra ; chemical typology ; {V}/{C}r ratio ; garnet ; geographic origin ; gemmology ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {KENYA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}uropean {J}ournal of {M}ineralogy}, volume = {26}, numero = {2}, pages = {293--308}, ISSN = {0935-1221}, year = {2014}, DOI = {10.1127/0935-1221/2014/0026-2367}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062020}, } @article{fdi:010061762, title = {{U}pdate on gemstone mining in {L}uc {Y}en, {V}ietnam}, author = {{L}ong, {P}. {V}. and {P}ardieu, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n 1987, gems were discovered in the {L}uc {Y}en area of {V}ietnam's {Y}en {B}ai province. {R}uby, sapphire, and spinel from primary and secondary deposits are the most valuable of these; tourmaline, gem-quality feldspar, pargasite, and humite are also mined there. {A}s a result of this discovery, the {L}uc {Y}en district has become {V}ietnam's most important gemstone-trading center over the past 30 years. {T}he markets of {Y}en {T}he, the capital of {L}uc {Y}en, offer an additional assortment of natural gems from {V}ietnam and elsewhere (including peridot, beryl, aquamarine, topaz, and quartz); synthetic gems are also found in these markets.}, keywords = {{VIETNAM}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {49}, numero = {4}, pages = {233--245}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2013}, DOI = {10.5741/gems.49.4.233}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061762}, } @article{fdi:010060328, title = {{N}ew aspects and perspectives on tsavorite deposits}, author = {{F}eneyrol, {J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {M}artelat, {J}. {E}. and {M}onie, {P}. and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {R}ollion-{B}ard, {C}. and {L}e {G}off, {E}. and {M}alisa, {E}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {A}. {F}. {M}. and {P}ardieu, {V}. and {K}ahn, {T}. and {I}changi, {D}. and {V}enance, {E}. and {V}oarintsoa, {N}. {R}. and {R}anatsenho, {M}. {M}. and {S}imonet, {C}. and {O}mito, {E}. and {N}yamai, {C}. and {S}aul, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}savorite, the vanadian variety of green grossular, is a high value economic gemstone. {I}t is hosted exclusively in the metasedimentary formations from the {N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt. {T}he deposits are mined in {K}enya, {T}anzania and {M}adagascar and other occurrences are located in {P}akistan and {E}ast {A}ntarctica. {T}hey are located within metasomatized graphitic rocks such as graphitic gneiss and calc-silicates, intercalated with meta-evaporites. {T}savorite is found as primary deposits either in nodule (type {I}) or in quartz vein (type {II}), and in placers (type {III}). {T}he primary mineralizations (types {I} and {II}) are controlled by lithostratigraphy and/or structure. {F}or the {A}frican occurrences, the protoliths of the host-rocks were deposited at the beginning of the {N}eoproterozoic within a marine coastal sabkha environment, located at the margin of the {C}ongo-{K}alahari cratons in the {M}ozambique {O}cean. {D}uring the {E}ast {A}frican-{A}ntarctican {O}rogeny, the rocks underwent high amphibolite to granulite fades metamorphism and the formation of tsavorite deposits occurred between 650 and 550 {M}a. {T}he nodules of tsavorite were formed during prograde metamorphism, calcium coming from sulphates and carbonates, whereas alumina, silicates, vanadium and chromium probably came from clays and chlorite. {T}he veins were formed during the deformation of the metasedimentary platform units which experienced shearing, leading to the formation of fault-filled veins. {M}etasomatism developed during retrograde metamorphism. {T}he metasedimentary sequences are characterized by the presence of evaporitic minerals such as gypsum and anhydrite, and scapolite. {E}vaporites are essential as they provide calcium and permit the mobilization of all the chemical elements for tsavorite formation. {T}he {H}2{S}-{S}-8 metamorphic fluids characterized in primary fluid inclusions of tsavorites and the delta {B}-11 values of coeval dravite confirm the evaporitic origin of the fluids. {T}he {V}2{O}3 and {C}r2{O}3 contents of tsavorite range respectively from 0.05 to 7.5 wt.%, while their delta {O}-18 values are in the range of 9.5-21.1 parts per thousand. {T}he genetic model proposed for tsavorite is metamorphic, based on chemical reactions developed between an initial assemblage composed of gypsum and anhydrite, carbonates and organic matter deposited in a sabkha-like sedimentary basin.}, keywords = {{N}eoproterozoic {M}etamorphic {M}ozambique ; {B}elt ; {T}savorite ; {G}raphitic ; gneiss ; {E}vaporites ; {M}etasomatism ; {G}enetic model}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{O}re {G}eology {R}eviews}, volume = {53}, numero = {}, pages = {1--25}, ISSN = {0169-1368}, year = {2013}, DOI = {10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.016}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060328}, } @article{fdi:010059839, title = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {OROGENESE} ; {GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {LITHOLOGIE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {MINE} ; {PRIX} ; {MARCHE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {GONDWANA} ; {GEMME} ; {CORINDON} ; {RUBIS} ; {DIAMANT} ; {TSAVORITE} ; {TANZANITE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {SAPHIR} ; {TOURMALINE} ; {GRENAT} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {INDE} ; {SRI} {LANKA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MOZAMBIQUE} ; {KENYA} ; {MALAWI} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {ANTARCTIQUE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {146}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059839}, } @article{fdi:010059840, title = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana : introduction}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {OROGENESE} ; {GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {LITHOLOGIE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {MINE} ; {PRODUCTION} ; {PRIX} ; {MARCHE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {GONDWANA} ; {GEMME} ; {CORINDON} ; {RUBIS} ; {DIAMANT} ; {TSAVORITE} ; {TANZANITE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {SAPHIR} ; {TOURMALINE} ; {GRENAT} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {INDE} ; {SRI} {LANKA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MOZAMBIQUE} ; {KENYA} ; {MALAWI} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {ANTARCTIQUE}}, booktitle = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {7--12}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059840}, } @article{fdi:010059841, title = {{L}es gemmes n{\'e}oprot{\'e}rozo{\¨ie}ques de la ceinture m{\'e}tamorphique mozambicaine du supercontinent {G}ondwanana (1000-542 {M}a)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {GEODYNAMIQUE} ; {COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {OROGENESE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {LITHOLOGIE} ; {GONDWANA} ; {GEMME} ; {CORINDON} ; {RUBIS} ; {DIAMANT} ; {TSAVORITE} ; {TANZANITE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {SAPHIR} ; {TOURMALINE} ; {GRENAT} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {INDE} ; {SRI} {LANKA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MOZAMBIQUE} ; {KENYA} ; {MALAWI} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {ANTARCTIQUE}}, booktitle = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {13--43}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059841}, } @article{fdi:010059842, title = {{A} la poursuite du grenat vert vanadif{\`e}re "{T}savorite"}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {EXPLOITATION} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {MINE} ; {GEMME} ; {TSAVORITE} ; {GRENAT} ; {KENYA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {ANTARCTIQUE}}, booktitle = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {57--70}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059842}, } @article{fdi:010059843, title = {{L}a reine bleue de l'{A}frique de l'{E}st : la tanzanite, une zo{\¨ie}site vanadif{\`e}re}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {MINE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {COMMERCIALISATION} ; {PRIX} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {COULEUR} ; {GEMME} ; {TANZANITE} ; {GONDWANA} ; {TANZANIE} ; {MERELANI}}, booktitle = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {71--83}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059843}, } @article{fdi:010059844, title = {{L}es corindons d'âge n{\'e}oprot{\'e}rozo{\¨ie}que de {M}adagascar}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {LITHOLOGIE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {GENESE} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {GEMME} ; {CORINDON} ; {RUBIS} ; {SAPHIR} ; {GONDWANA} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {SAHAMBO} ; {ZAZAFOTSY} ; {IANKAROKA} ; {AMBATOMENA}}, booktitle = {{L}es gemmes du {G}ondwana}, journal = {{L}es {C}ahiers du {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {2}, pages = {109--117}, ISSN = {2261-1150}, year = {2013}, ISBN = {978-2-917198-16-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059844}, } @article{fdi:010056489, title = {{L}a g{\'e}ologie des gemmes}, author = {{G}roat, {L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {TECHNOLOGIE} ; {IMAGE} {SATELLITAIRE} ; {GEMMOLOGIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}our la {S}cience}, numero = {418}, pages = {58--65}, ISSN = {0153-4092}, year = {2012}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010056489}, } @article{fdi:010081636, title = {{E}vidence of evaporites in the genesis of the vanadian grossular 'tsavorite' deposit in {N}amalulu, {T}anzania}, author = {{F}eneyrol, {J}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {R}ollion-{B}ard, {C}. and {R}obert, {J}. {L}. and {M}alisa, {E}. {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {N}amalulu tsavorite (vanadian grossular up to 0.80 wt.% {V}2{O}3) deposit in northeastern {T}anzania occurs in metasomatized graphitic gneiss overlain by a dolomitic marble unit. {T}hese rocks belong to the {N}eoproterozoic metamorphic {M}ozambique {B}elt. {T}he graphitic gneiss is composed of quartz, {V}-bearing kyanite (up to 0.4 wt.% {V}2{O}3), {V}-bearing muscovite (up to 1.0 wt.% {V}2{O}3), {V}-bearing rutile (up to 1.9 wt.% {V}2{O}3), and graphite. {T}his rock is affected by calcic metasomatism precipitating calcite and mobilizing the elements for tsavorite crystallization in quartz-calcite veins. {T}he dolomitic marble unit hosts an anhydrite-gypsum-dolomite lens (lens {I}) and a calcite-scapolite-diopside-sulfides-graphite lens (lens {II}). {T}his last unit is characterized by the presence of {F}-bearing minerals (tremolite, phlogopite, tainiolite, titanite), with up to 9.4 wt.% {F} for tainiolite, and {B}a-bearing minerals (feldspar, phlogopite), with up to 7.5 wt.% {B}a{O} for feldspar. {L}ithium (up to 2.0 wt.% {L}i2{O}) and boron (up to 110 ppm) are also present in tainiolite, as well as in {F}-bearing tremolite. {T}his is the first description of metamorphic tainiolite. {T}he protoliths of the {N}amalulu rocks correspond to organic-rich black shales, pure and magnesian carbonates, and evaporites. {T}hey were presumably deposited in a marine coastal sabkha located at the eastern margin of the {C}ongo-{K}alahari cratons bounded by the {M}ozambique {O}cean during early {N}eoproterozoic. {T}savorite formed in the {C}a-metasomatized gneiss during amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism at 5.6-6.7 kbar and 630 +/- 30 degrees {C}.}, keywords = {{M}ozambique {B}elt ; {T}anzania ; {N}amalulu ; tsavorite ; vanadian mineralization ; graphitic gneiss ; carbonates ; evaporites ; tainiolite}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {50}, numero = {3}, pages = {745--769}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2012}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.50.3.745}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081636}, } @article{fdi:010055733, title = {{S}apphires related to alkali basalts from the {C}erova {H}ighlands, {W}estern {C}arpathians (southern {S}lovakia) : composition and origin}, author = {{U}her, {P}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}zakall, {S}. and {F}allick, {A}. and {S}trunga, {V}. and {V}aculovic, {T}. and {O}zdin, {D}. and {G}reganova, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}lue, grey-pink and pink sapphires from the {C}erova {H}ighlands, {W}estern {C}arpathians (southern {S}lovakia) have been studied using {CL}, {LA}-{ICP}-{MS}, {EMPA}, and oxygen isotope methods. {T}he sapphire occurs as (1) elastic heavy mineral in the secondary sandy filling of a {P}liocene alkali basaltic maar at {H}ajnacka, and (2) crystals in a pyroxene-bearing syenite/anorthoclasite xenolith of {P}leistocene alkali basalt near {G}ortva. {C}ritical evaluation of compositional diagrams ({F}e, {T}i, {C}r, {G}a, {M}g contents, {F}e/{T}i, {C}r/{G}a, {G}a/{M}g ratios) suggests a magmatic origin for elastic blue sapphires with lower {C}r and {M}g, but higher {F}e and {T}i concentrations in comparison to the grey-pink and pink varietes, as well as similar compositional trends with blue sapphire from the {G}ortva magmatic xenolith. {M}oreover, blue sapphires show similar delta {O}-18 values: 5.1 parts per thousand in the {G}ortva xenolith, 3.8 and 5.85 parts per thousand in the {H}ajnacka placer, closely comparable to mantle to lower crustal magmatic rocks. {O}n the contrary, pink and grey-pink sapphires show higher {C}r and {M}g, but lower {F}e and {T}i contents and their composition points to a metamorphic (metasomatic) origin.}, keywords = {{W}estern {C}arpathians ; {S}lovakia ; {H}ajnacka ; {G}ortva ; {CL} ; {LA}-{ICP}-{MS} ; {EMPA} ; oxygen isotopes ; placer ; alkali basalts ; anorthoclasite xenolith ; corundum ; sapphire ; {SLOVAQUE} {REPUBLIQUE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}eologica {C}arpathica}, volume = {63}, numero = {1}, pages = {71--82}, ISSN = {1335-0552}, year = {2012}, DOI = {10.2478/v10096-012-0005-7}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055733}, } @article{fdi:010054090, title = {{O}-18/{O}-16 and {V}/{C}r ratios in gem tsavorites from the {N}eoproterozoic {M}ozambique metamorphic belt : a clue towards their origins ?}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {P}ardieu, {V}. and {S}aul, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he combination of oxygen isotope composition with {V}-{C}r-{M}n trace element concentrations of {V}-bearing garnets (tsavorites) originating from the main deposits of the {N}eoproterozoic {M}ozambique {M}etamorphic {B}elt is reported for the first time. {T}he database enables the identification of the geological and geographical sources of the main productive areas from northern and southern {T}anzania, {K}enya, and {M}adagascar. {T}hree consistent sets of delta {O}-18 values between 9.5a{E}uro degrees and 11.0a{E}uro degrees, 11.6a{E}uro degrees and 14.5a{E}uro degrees, and 15.5a{E}uro degrees and 21.1a{E}uro degrees have been recognized for primary deposits hosted in graphitic gneisses related to the {N}eoproterozic metasedimentary series. {T}he delta {O}-18 value of tsavorite is a good tracer of the environment of its formation; the delta {O}-18 of the fluid in equilibrium with tsavorite was buffered by the host rock during metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction. {T}his study is a first step in characterizing the geochemistry of gem tsavorite from most of the deposits and occurrences worldwide.}, keywords = {{M}ozambique {M}etamorphic {B}elt ; {T}savorite ; {O}xygen isotopes ; {V}/{C}r ratio ; {M}n ; {G}eographic and geologic origins}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {46}, numero = {7}, pages = {671--676}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2011}, DOI = {10.1007/s00126-011-0355-6}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054090}, } @article{PAR00007896, title = {{S}tate of the art in the formation of high-value colored stones}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {47}, numero = {2}, pages = {108--110}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2011}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00007896}, } @article{fdi:010053005, title = {{T}he origin of coloration in garnets : an optical spectroscopic study}, author = {{G}aloisy, {L}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {J}uhin, {A}. and {K}iratisin, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}alas, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}eochimica et {C}osmochimica {A}cta}, volume = {74}, numero = {12}, pages = {{A}314--{A}314}, ISSN = {0016-7037}, year = {2010}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053005}, } @article{fdi:010052900, title = {{L}ithostratigraphic and structural controls of 'tsavorite' deposits at {L}emshuku, {M}erelani area, {T}anzania}, author = {{F}eneyrol, {J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {L}e {G}off, {E}. and {M}alisa, {E}. {P}. {J}. and {S}aul, {M}. and {S}aul, {E}. and {S}aul, {J}. and {P}ardieu, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he first study of the {L}emshuku 'tsavorite' mining district is presented. {F}rom bottom to top, the lithostratigraphic column corresponds to a metasedimentary sequence composed of quartzite, fine-grained graphitic gneiss, kyanite-graphite gneiss, biotite-almandine gneiss, metasomatized graphitic gneiss and dolomitic marble. '{T}savorite' occurs in quartz veins and rarely as nodular concretions. {T}wo factors control mineralization: (1) lithostratigraphy, with 'tsavorite' in association with pyrite and graphite confined to quartz veins within the metasomatized graphitic gneiss: and (2) structure, with the mineralized veins characteristically controlled by tight isoclinal folds associated with shearing.}, keywords = {{T}anzania ; {L}emshuku {M}ine ; "{T}savorite" ; {Q}uartz vein ; {L}ithostratigraphic ; and structural controls}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}eoscience}, volume = {342}, numero = {10}, pages = {778--785}, ISSN = {1631-0713}, year = {2010}, DOI = {10.1016/j.crte.2010.06.003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052900}, } @incollection{fdi:010051651, title = {{G}{\'e}ologie et min{\'e}ralogie}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {C}arlier, {G}abriel and {L}orand, {J}.{P}. and {R}ondeau, {B}. and {M}oine, {B}. and {F}ontant, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOLOGIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {RECHERCHE} {SCIENTIFIQUE} ; {DEVELOPPEMENT} ; {COOPERATION} {SCIENTIFIQUE} ; {FORMATION} {PROFESSIONNELLE} ; {HISTOIRE} {DES} {SCIENCES} ; {MADAGASCAR}}, booktitle = {{P}arcours de recherche {\`a} {M}adagascar : l'{IRD}-{ORSTOM} et ses partenaires}, numero = {}, pages = {295--319}, address = {{M}arseille}, publisher = {{IRD}}, series = {{S}ynth{\`e}ses}, year = {2010}, ISBN = {978-2-7099-1695-0}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010051651}, } @article{fdi:010048271, title = {{P}roximal and distal styles of pegmatite-related metasomatic emerald mineralization at {I}anapera, southern {M}adagascar}, author = {{A}ndrianjakavah, {P}. {R}. and {S}alvi, {S}. and {B}{\'e}ziat, {D}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {I}anapera emerald deposit is located in the {N}eoproterozoic {V}ohibory {B}lock of southern {M}adagascar. {T}he local geology consists of intercalated migmatitic gneissic units and calcareous metasedimentary rocks, containing boudinaged metamorphosed mafic/ultramafic lenses, all intruded by pegmatite veins. {T}hese units occur near the hinge of the tightly folded {I}anapera antiform, within a few kilometers of the {A}mpanihy shear zone. {E}merald mineralization is hosted by metasomatic phlogopite veins, and bodies developed within the mafic/ultramafic rocks. {B}ased on field and textural relationships, we distinguish proximal and distal styles of mineralization. {P}roximal mineralization occurs at the contact of pegmatite veins with mafic/ultramafic units; in the distal style, pegmatites are not observed. {T}hree types of emeralds could be distinguished, mainly on the basis of color and mineral zoning. {S}ome of these emeralds have the most {A}l-depleted and {C}r-rich composition ever recorded. {A}nother characteristic feature to the {I}anapera deposit and, to our knowledge, yet unreported, is the association of some emeralds with scapolite in metasomatised mafic rocks. {M}ineral inclusions are common in most emeralds and include phlogopite, carbonates, barite, {K}-feldspar, quartz, pyrite, zircon, monazite, bastnaesite, phenakite, plus {F}e and {C}r oxides. {H}owever, feldspar and rare earth element-bearing minerals occur predominantly in proximal emeralds, which also have a more incompatible trace-element signature than distal emeralds. {W}e propose a model related to syn- to post-tectonic magmatic-hydrothermal activity. {P}egmatitic bodies intruded units of the {I}anapera antiform probably during tectonic relaxation. {E}xsolution of fluids rich in halogens and incompatible elements from the cooling pegmatites caused hydrothermal metasomatism of {C}r-bearing mafic/ultramafic rocks in direct contact with the pegmatites. {L}ocal fracturing favored fluid infiltration, permitting the formation of distal mineralization. {E}merald composition was controlled by the chemistry of the host rock. {T}he presence of carbonate mineral inclusions in the emeralds and the high {F}-activity indicated by elevated {F}-contents in newly formed minerals suggest transport of {B}e as a fluoride-carbonate complex. {I}t seems likely that beryl formation was triggered by precipitation of {F}-rich phlogopite, which removed the complexing ligand from the fluid.}, keywords = {{E}merald ; {B}eryl ; {P}egmatite ; {P}hlogopitite ; {I}anapera ; {M}adagascar}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {44}, numero = {7}, pages = {817--835}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2009}, DOI = {10.1007/s00126-009-0243-5}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048271}, } @article{PAR00004042, title = {{G}em-corundum megacrysts from east {A}ustralian basalt fields : trace elements, oxygen isotopes and origins}, author = {{S}utherland, {F}. {L}. and {Z}aw, {K}. and {M}effre, {S}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {G}raham, {I}. {T}. and {W}ebb, {G}. {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{G}em corundum, a minor but persistent megacryst in east {A}ustralian basalt fields, is mined from some placer concentrations. {L}aser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses and {O} isotope determinations on a colour range of corundum from different fields, show that chromophore ({F}e, {C}r, {T}i, {V}) and genetic indicator ({G}a, {M}g, 18{O}) values can distinguish corundum sources (magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic) before basalt incorporation. {T}hey also characterise corundum groups from different fields. {T}his identified two metamorphic groups, one carrying ruby at {B}arrington {T}ops, and a magmatic group distinct from those from other gem fields (lower {F}e, northeast {T}asmania; higher {F}e, {Y}arrowitch). {R}uby-bearing groups show clear provincial characteristics and include lower temperature spinel-facies groups ({B}arrington, {Y}arrowitch) and higher temperature garnet-facies groups ({C}udgegong-{M}acquarie {R}iver). {H}igh {M}g/{F}e and {N}i values in the latter approach those for corundum in diamond, and are a possible diamond indicator. {T}he corundum derived from diverse fold-belt and felsic sources in underlying lithosphere forms a dataset for comparing corundum from other basalt fields.}, keywords = {{A}ustralia ; basalt fields ; gem corundum ; {LA}-{ICP}-{MS} ; oxygen isotopes ; ruby ; sapphire}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ustralian {J}ournal of {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {56}, numero = {7}, pages = {1003--1022}, ISSN = {0812-0099}, year = {2009}, DOI = {10.1080/08120090903112109}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00004042}, } @article{fdi:010081638, title = {{E}merald mineralization associated with the mavis lake pegmatite group, near {D}ryden, {O}ntario}, author = {{B}rand, {A}. {A}. and {G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {L}innen, {R}. {L}. and {G}arland, {M}. {I}. and {B}reaks, {F}. {W}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {T}aylor 2 (also known as {G}host {L}ake) emerald showing near {D}ryden, in northwestern {O}ntario, is associated with a granitic pegmatite of the {M}avis {L}ake {P}egmatite {G}roup proximal to the 2685 {M}a {G}host {L}ake {B}atholith. {T}he {T}aylor 2 pegmatite consists of three separate limbs that intruded a wide zone of chlorite schist near the eastern end of an altered ultramafic sill. {M}ost of the beryl and emerald occurs in a "zone of mixing" between the southern and central limbs of the pegmatite. {T}he rock in the "zone of mixing" consists of relict orange {K}-feldspar crystals (to 30 cm) in a matrix of anhedral bluish plagioclase, quartz, fine-grained black phlogopite, blue apatite crystals (to 1 cm), and black tourmaline crystals (to 2 cm). {T}he beryl occurs as euhedral crystals up to 2.3 x 1.8 cm; most are opaque to translucent and white to pale green in color, but about 10% are emerald. {T}he emerald compositions show average {C}r concentrations of 0.25 wt.% {C}r2{O}3 (maximum 0.42 wt.% {C}r2{O}3 or 0.03 {C}r apfu) and maximum {V} concentrations of 0.05 wt.% {V}2{O}3. {P}rimary fluid inclusions in the emerald crystals show variable compositions and high temperatures of homogenization (to 490 degrees {C}). {O}xygen isotope compositions of the emerald crystals, which average 9.6(7)%, suggest a high degree of homogenization and fluid buffering during fluid-rock interaction. {W}hole-rock compositions show high concentrations of {B}e (89 ppm) in the the {T}aylor 2 pegmatite and elevated {C}r in the chlorite schist (2610 ppm) and the altered ultramafic sill (3050 ppm). {G}eochemical similarities support the hypothesis that the chlorite schist is the faulted analogue of the altered ultramafic sill. {T}he absence of beryl in the latter unit may be due to lower amounts of fluid or {F} concentrations (similar to 150 ppm versus similar to 1300 ppm for the chlorite schist). {T}he emerald in the {T}aylor 2 showing and the associated phlogopite most likely formed through metasomatism of the chlorite schist, which was driven by granitic magmatism.}, keywords = {emerald ; geology ; mineralogy ; geochemistry ; fluid inclusions ; stable isotopes ; {M}avis {L}ake pegmatite ; {D}ryden ; {O}ntario ; {C}anada}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {47}, numero = {{P}art 2}, pages = {315--336}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2009}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.47.2.315}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081638}, } @article{fdi:010044263, title = {{O}xygen isotopes composition of sapphires from the {F}rench {M}assif {C}entral : implications for the origin of gem corundum in basaltic fields}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {P}egere, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A}lluvial and colluvial gem sapphires are common in the basaltic fields of the {F}rench {M}assif {C}entral ({FMC}) but sapphire-bearing xenoliths are very rare, found only in the {M}enet trachytic cone in {C}antal. {T}he {O}-isotope composition of the sapphires ranges between 4.4 and 13.9a{E}uro degrees. {T}wo distinct groups have been defined: the first with a restricted isotopic range between 4.4 and 6.8a{E}uro degrees (n = 22; mean delta {O}-18 = 5.6 +/- 0.7a{E}uro degrees), falls within the worldwide range defined for blue-green-yellow sapphires related to basaltic gem fields (3.0 < delta {O}-18 < 8.2a{E}uro degrees, n = 150), and overlaps the ranges defined for magmatic sapphires in syenite (4.4 < delta {O}-18 < 8.3a{E}uro degrees, n = 29). {A} second group, with an isotopic range between 7.6 and 13.9a{E}uro degrees (n = 9), suggests a metamorphic sapphire source such as biotite schist in gneisses or skarns. {T}he delta {O}-18 values of 4.4-4.5a{E}uro degrees for the blue sapphire-bearing anorthoclasite xenolith from {M}enet is lower than the delta {O}-18 values obtained for anorthoclase (7.7-7.9a{E}uro degrees), but suggest that these sapphires were derived from an igneous reservoir in the subcontinental spinel lherzolitic mantle of the {FMC}. {T}he presence of inclusions of columbite-group minerals, pyrochlore, {N}b-bearing rutile, and thorite in these sapphires provides an additional argument for a magmatic origin. {I}n the {FMC} lithospheric mantle, felsic melts crystallized to form anorthoclasites, the most evolved peraluminous variant of the alkaline basaltic melt. {T}he {O}-isotopic compositions of the first group suggests that these sapphires crystallized from felsic magmas under upper mantle conditions. {T}he second group of isotopic values, typified for example by the {L}e {B}ras sapphire with a delta {O}-18 of 13.9a{E}uro degrees, indicates that metamorphic sapphires from granulites were transported to the surface by basaltic magma.}, keywords = {{F}rance ; {F}rench {M}assif {C}entral ; {B}asalt ; {O}xygen isotopes ; {S}apphires}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {44}, numero = {2}, pages = {221--231}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2009}, DOI = {10.1007/s00126-008-0214-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044263}, } @article{PAR00003290, title = {{R}ubies and sapphires from winza, central {T}anzania}, author = {{S}chwarz, {D}. and {P}ardieu, {V}. and {S}aul, {J}. {M}. and {S}chmetzer, {K}. and {L}aurs, {B}. {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {K}lemm, {L}. and {M}alsy, {A}. {K}. and {E}rel, {E}. and {H}auzenberger, {C}. and {D}u {T}oit, {G}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{S}ince late 2007, rubies and sapphires have been mined by hand methods from both eluvial and primary deposits at {W}inza in central {T}anzania. {T}he gem corundum is related to "dikes" of amphibolitic rocks that belong to the {P}aleoproterozoic {U}sagaran {B}elt. {B}ased on crystal morphology, {W}inza corundum is subdivided into two types: prismatic-tabular-rhombohedral and dipyramidal. in general, medium red and dark (orangy) red top-quality rubies are rhombohedral. {P}inkish red and purplish red rubies, as well as pink, purple, and blue (often strongly color zoned) sapphires are, for the most part, dipyramidal. {T}he top-quality rubies are characterized by a distinct assemblage of long tube-, fiber-, needle-, or hair-like inclusions containing an orange-brown material (most likely limonite). {T}he lower-quality material generally contains a larger amount of solid inclusions (mostly amphibole crystals), fissures, and growth features. {U}nique to corundum from this locality are bluish violet color zones oriented parallel to the prism and basal pinacoid, and occasionally also parallel to rhombohedral and dipyramidal faces. {T}he relatively high {F}e content of {W}inza rubies separates them from most other natural and almost all synthetic counterparts.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ems and {G}emology}, volume = {44}, numero = {4}, pages = {322--347}, ISSN = {0016-626{X}}, year = {2008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00003290}, } @article{fdi:010081639, title = {{K}arelianite and vanadian phlogopite from the merelani hills gem zoisite deposits, {T}anzania}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {P}alhol, {F}. and {F}eneyrol, {J}. and {B}outroy, {E}. and {B}oissezon de, {H}. and {L}homme, {T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {M}erelani deposits of gem-quality vanadian zoisite ("tanzanite") in {T}anzania occur in {P}roterozoic vanadium-rich sedimentary series metamorphosed to the amphibolite facies. {T}he gem-bearing assemblage consists of quartz, sulfides, graphite and "tanzanite" occurring in hydrothermal veins deposited in hydrothermally altered graphitic gneisses, marbles and calc-silicates. {T}wo rare vanadian oxide and silicate minerals crystallize on the margins of pyrite and {V}-bearing pyrrhotite lenses, which are cross-cut by graphite-"tanzanite"-bearing quartz veins. {K}arelianite has a nearly pure end-member composition in the karelianite-eskolaite solid-solution series, with 93 to 96 wt% {V}2{O}3. {V}anadian phlogopite closely associated with karelianite has high {M}g{O} (18.5 to 22.8 wt%), {F} (1.2 to 2.0 wt%) and {T}i{O}2 (up to 1.3 wt%). {T}he {V}2{O}3 content varies between 4.2 and 10.9 wt%. {T}he protolith of the host rock that contains the mineralization is a black shale; the hydrothermal graphite has a delta {C}-13 equal to-24.0%, which indicates a sedimentary source rich in organic matter. {D}uring hydrothermal alteration, {V} and {C}r were scavenged by fluids from the graphitic gneisses, and fixed by the oxide and silicates. {T}extural evidence of dissolution of karelianite indicates that vanadium was remobilized by the hydrothermal fluid during the formation of late-stage vanadian zoisite ("tanzanite"), found in veinlets that cross-cut both sulfides and vanadium-bearing minerals.}, keywords = {karelianite ; vanadian phlogopite ; tanzanite ; graphitic gneiss ; {M}erelani ; {M}ozambique {B}elt ; {T}anzania}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {46}, numero = {{P}art 5}, pages = {1183--1194}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2008}, DOI = {10.3749/canmin.46.5.1183}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081639}, } @article{fdi:010044073, title = {{M}arble-hosted ruby deposits from {C}entral and {S}outheast {A}sia : towards a new genetic model}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {B}anks, {D}. and {V}inh, {H}. {Q}. and {L}homme, {T}. and {M}aluski, {H}. and {P}echer, {A}. and {B}akhsh, {K}. {A}. and {V}an {L}ong, {P}. and {T}rinh, {P}. {T}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}arble-hosted ruby deposits represent the most important source of colored gemstones from {C}entral and {S}outh {E}ast {A}sia. {T}hese deposits are located in the {H}imalayan mountain belt which developed during {T}ertiary collision of the {I}ndian plate northward into the {E}urasian plate. {T}hey are spatially related to granitoid intrusions and are contained in platform carbonates series that underwent high-grade meta morph ism. {A}ll occurrences are located close to major tectonic features formed during {H}imalayan orogenesis, directly in suture zones in the {H}imalayas, or in shear zones that guided extrusion of the {I}ndochina block after the collision in {S}outh {E}ast {A}sia. {A}r-{A}r dating of micas syngenetic with ruby and {U}-{P}b dating of zircon included in ruby gives evidence that these deposits formed during {H}imalayan orogenesis, and the ages document the extensional tectonics that were active, from {A}fghanistan to {V}ietnam, between the {O}ligocene and the {P}liocene. {T}he petrography shows that ruby-bearing marbles formed in the amphibolite facies ({T}=610 to 790 degrees {C} and {P}-6 kbar). {A} fluid inclusion {S}tudy defines the conditions of gem ruby formation during the retrograde metamorphic path (620<{T}<670 degrees {C} and 2.6<{P}<3.3 kbar) for the deposits of {J}egdalek, {H}unza and northern {V}ietnam. {W}hole rock analyses of non-ruby-bearing marbles indicate that they contain enough aluminum and chromiferous elements to produce all the ruby crystals that they contain. {I}n addition, ({C}, {O})-isotopic analyses of carbonates from the marbles lead to the conclusion that the marbles acted as a metamorphic closed fluid system that were not infiltrated by externally-derived fluids. {T}he carbon isotopic composition of graphite in marbles reveals that it is of organic origin and that it exchanged {C}-isotopes with the carbonates during metamorphism. {M}oreover, the {O}-isotopic composition {O}f ruby was buffered by metamorphic {CO}2 released during devolatilisation of marble and the {H}-isotopic composition of mica is consistent with a metamorphic origin for water in equilibrium with the micas. {T}he ({C}, 0, {H})-isotopic compositions of minerals associated with marble-hosted ruby are all in agreement with the hypothesis, drawn from the unusual chemistry of {CO}2-{H}2{S}-{COS}-{S}-8-{A}l{O}({OH})-bearing fluids contained in fluid inclusions, that gem ruby formed at {P}-3 kbar and 620<{T}<670 degrees {C}, during thermal reduction of evaporite by organic matter, at high temperature-medium pressure metamorphism of platform carbonates during the {T}ertiary {I}ndia-{A}sia collision, {T}he carbonates were enriched in {A}l- and chromiferous-bearing detrital minerals, such as clay minerals that were deposited on the platform with the carbonates, and in organic matter. {R}uby formed during the retrograde metamorphic path, mainly by destabilization of muscovite or spinel. {T}he metamorphic fluid system was rich in {CO}2 released from devolatilisation {O}f {C}arbonates, and in fluorine, chlorine and boron released by molten salts ({N}a{C}l, {KC}l, {C}a{SO}4). {E}vaporites are key to explaining the formation of these deposits. {M}olten salts mobilized in situ {A}l and metal transition elements contained in marbles, leading to crystallization {O}f ruby.}, keywords = {{A}sia ; {R}uby ; {M}arble ; {E}vaporite ; {M}etamorphism ; {G}eochemistry ; {S}table isotopes ; {G}enetic model}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{O}re {G}eology {R}eviews}, volume = {34}, numero = {1-2 {S}pecial {I}ssue}, pages = {169--191}, ISSN = {0169-1368}, year = {2008}, DOI = {10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.03.003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044073}, } @article{fdi:010044074, title = {{E}merald deposits and occurrences : a review}, author = {{G}roat, {L}. {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}arshall, {D}. {D}. and {T}urner, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{E}merald, the green gem variety of beryl, is the third {M}ost valuable gemstone (after diamond and ruby). {A}lthough it is difficult to {O}btain accurate statistics, {C}olombia supplies most (an estimated 60%, worth more than $500,000,000 per year) of the world's emeralds. {H}owever there is speculation that the emerald mines in {C}olombia are becoming depleted. {B}razil currently accounts for approximately 10% of world emerald production. {E}meralds have also been mined in {A}fghanistan, {A}ustralia, {A}ustria, {B}ulgaria, {C}hina, {I}ndia, {M}adagascar, {N}amibia, {N}igeria, {P}akistan, {S}outh {A}frica, {S}pain, {T}anzania, the {U}nited {S}tates, and {Z}imbabwe. {B}ecause it is difficult to obtain accurate analyses of beryllium, most published analyses of beryl are renormalized on the basis of 18 oxygen and 3 {B}e atoms per formula unit. {T}he color of emerald is due to trace amounts of chromium and/or vanadium replacing aluminum at the {Y} site; in most cases the {C}r content is much greater than that of {V}. {T}o achieve charge balance, the {S}ubstitution of divalent cations at the {Y} site is coupled with the substitution of a monovalent cation for a vacancy at a channel site. {B}eryl is relatively rare because there is very little {B}e in the upper continental {C}rust. {U}nusual geologic and geochemical conditions are required for {B}e and {C}r and/or {V} to meet. {I}n the classic model, {B}e-bearing pegmatites interact with {C}r-bearing ultramafic or mafic rocks. {H}owever in the {C}olombian deposits there is no evidence of magmatic activity and it has been demonstrated that circulation processes within the host black shales were sufficient to form emerald. {I}n addition, researchers are recognizing that regional metamorphism and tectonometamorphic processes {S}uch as shear zone formation may play a significant role in certain emerald deposits. {A} number of genetic classification schemes have been proposed for emerald deposits. {M}ost are ambiguous when it comes to understanding the mechanisms and conditions that lead to the formation of an emerald deposit. {S}tudies of individual emerald deposits show that in most cases a combination of mechanisms (magmatic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic) were needed to bring {B}e into contact with the chromophores. {T}his {S}uggests the need for a more flexible classification scheme based on mode of formation. {S}table isotopes can be used to estimate the contribution of each mechanism in the formation of a particular deposit. {S}uch estimates could perhaps be more precisely defined using trace element data, which should reflect the mode of formation. {E}merald may be identified in the field by color, hardness, and form. {I}t will tend to {S}how {LIP} in stream sediment samples but because its specific gravity is relatively low, it will not concentrate in the heavy mineral fraction. {I}n {C}olombia, structural geology, the sodium content of stream sediment samples, and the lithium. sodium, and lead contents of soil samples have all been used to find emerald occurrences. {E}xploration for gem beryl could result in the discovery of new occurrences of non-gem beryl or other {B}e minerals that {C}ould become new sources of {B}e and {B}e oxide. {F}uture efforts should go towards creating a comprehensive data base of emerald compositions (including trace elements), determination of the role of metamorphism in the formation of some emerald deposits, improved classification schemes, and more effective exploration guidelines.}, keywords = {{E}merald deposits ; {E}merald occurrences ; {C}rystal chemistry ; {G}eochemistry ; {P}roduction ; {S}table isotopes ; {C}lassification ; {E}xploration}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{O}re {G}eology {R}eviews}, volume = {34}, numero = {1-2 {S}pecial {I}ssue}, pages = {87--112}, ISSN = {0169-1368}, year = {2008}, DOI = {10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.09.003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044074}, } @article{fdi:010044075, title = {{G}em corundum deposits of {M}adagascar : a review}, author = {{R}akotondrazafy, {A}. {F}. {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {R}akotosamizanany, {S}. and {A}ndriamamonjy, {A}. and {R}alantoarison, {T}. and {R}azanatseheno, {M}. and {O}ffant, {Y}. and {G}arnier, {V}irginie and {M}aluski, {H}. and {D}unaigre, {C}. and {S}chwarz, {D}. and {R}atrimo, {V}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}adagascar is one of the most important gem-producing countries in the world, including ruby and sapphires. {G}em corundum deposits formed at different stages in the geological evolution of the island and in contrasting environments. {F}our main settings are identified: ({I}) {G}em corundum formed in the {P}recambrian basement within the {N}eoproterozoic terranes of southern {M}adagascar. and in the volcano-sedimentary series of {B}eforona, north of {A}ntananarivo. {I}n the {S}outh, high-temperature (700 to 800 degrees {C}) and low-pressure (4 to 5 kbar) granulites contain deposits formed during the {P}an-{A}frican orogenesis between 565 and 490 {M}a. {T}hey accompany mafic and ultramafic complexes (ruby deposits of the {V}ohibory group), skarns at the contact between {A}nosyan granites and the {P}roterozoic {T}ranomaro group (sapphire deposits of the {T}ranomaro-{A}ndranondambo district), and shear-zone corridors cross-cutting feldspathic gneisses, cordieritites and clinopyroxenites in the {T}ranomaro, {V}ohimena and {A}ndroyan metamorphic series (biotite schist deposits of {S}ahambano and {Z}azafotsy, cordieritites of lankaroka and {A}mbatomena). {T}he circulation of fluids, especially along discontinuities, allowed in-situ alkaline metasomatism, forming corundum host rocks related to desilicified granites, biotitites, "sakenites" and "corundumites". (2) {G}em corundum also occurs in the {T}riassic detrital formations of the {I}salo group, as giant palaeoplacers in the {I}lakaka-{S}akaraha area. {H}ere, sapphires and rubies may come from the metamorphic granulitic terranes of southern {M}adagascar. (3) {G}em {C}orundum deposits occur within the {N}eogene-{Q}uaternary alkali basalts from {A}nkaratra ({A}ntsirabe-{A}ntanifotsy area) and in the {A}mbohitra {P}rovince ({N}osy {B}e, {A}mbato and {A}mbondromifehy districts). {P}rimary deposits are rare, except at {S}oamiakatra where ruby in gabbroic and clinopyroxenite xenoliths within alkali-basalts probably derive from mantle garnet peridotites. {T}he blue-green-yellow sapphires typical of basaltic fields are always recovered in palaeoplacer (in karst formed {U}pon {J}urassic limestones from the {M}ontagne d'{A}mbre, {A}ntsiranana {P}rovince) and alluvial and soil placers ({A}nkaratra volcanic massif). (4) {D}eposits {O}ccur within {Q}uaternary eluvial, colluvial and alluvial concentrations, such as high-quality rubies from the {A}ndilamena and {V}atomandry deposits.}, keywords = {{M}adagascar ; {C}orundum deposits ; {M}agmatic ; {M}etamorphic ; {A}lkaline metasomatism ; {P}lacers ; {S}apphire ; {R}uby}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{O}re {G}eology {R}eviews}, volume = {34}, numero = {1-2 {S}pecial {I}ssue}, pages = {134--154}, ISSN = {0169-1368}, year = {2008}, DOI = {10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.05.001}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044075}, } @article{fdi:010044801, title = {{L}es gisements de corindons gemmes de {M}adagascar}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {A}.{M}.{M}. and {F}allick, {A}.{E}. and {R}akotosamizanany, {S}. and {A}ndriamamonjy, {A}. and {R}alantoarison, {T}. and {R}azanatseheno, {M}. and {D}unaigre, {C}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {MAGMATISME} ; {OROGENESE} ; {CORINDON} ; {SAPHIR} ; {RUBIS} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {AMBOHITRANEFITRA} ; {ANJOMAKELY} ; {SOAMIAKATRA} ; {SAHAMBANO} ; {ZAZAFOTSY} ; {IANKAROKA} ; {BETROKA} ; {AMBATOMENA} ; {VOHIBORY} ; {TRANOMARO} ; {ANTSIRANANA} ; {VATOMANDRY} ; {ANDILAMENA} ; {ILAKAKA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {158}, pages = {14--28}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044801}, } @article{PAR00005436, title = {{O}xygen isotope systematics of gem corundum deposits in {M}adagascar: relevance for their geological origin}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}nthony and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}ichel and {O}hnenstetter, {D}aniel and {A}ndriamamonjy, {A}lfred and {R}alantoarison, {T}heogene and {R}akotosamizanany, {S}aholy and {R}azanatseheno, {M}arie and {O}ffant, {Y}ohann and {G}arnier, {V}irginie and {D}unaigre, {C}hristian and {S}chwarz, {D}ietmar and {M}ercier, {A}lain and {R}atrimo, {V}oahangy and {R}alison, {B}runo}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {42}, numero = {3}, pages = {251--270}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00005436}, } @article{PAR00005529, title = {{M}ineralogical and geochemical study of the true blue aquamarine showing, southern {Y}ukon}, author = {{T}urner, {D}avid and {G}roat, {L}ee {A}. and {H}art, {C}raig {J}. {R}. and {M}ortensen, {J}ames {K}. and {L}innen, {R}obert {L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {W}engzynowski, {W}illiam}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {45}, numero = {}, pages = {203--227}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00005529}, } @article{fdi:010040748, title = {{I}ncipient charnockitisation triggered by structurally-controlled {CO}2 influx in central {M}adagascar and magnetic implications}, author = {{R}akotondrazafy, {M}. {A}. {F}. and {N}{\'e}d{\'e}lec, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}ondwana {R}esearch}, volume = {11}, numero = {4}, pages = {584--585}, ISSN = {1342-937{X}}, year = {2007}, DOI = {10.1016/j.gr.2006.11.006}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040748}, } @incollection{fdi:010044802, title = {{T}he geology and genesis of gem corundum deposits}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}arnier, {V}. and {F}allick, {A}.{E}. and {R}akotondrazafy, {M}. and {S}chwarz, {D}. and {F}allick, {A}.{E}. and {R}akotosamizanany, {S}. and {A}ndriamamonjy, {A}. and {R}alantoarison, {T}. and {R}azanatseheno, {M}. and {D}unaigre, {C}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MAGMATISME} ; {CORINDON} ; {RUBIS} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {{G}eology of gem deposits}, numero = {37}, pages = {23--78}, address = {{Y}ellowknife}, publisher = {{M}ineralogical {A}ssociation of {C}anada}, series = {{S}hort {C}ourse {S}eries}, year = {2007}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044802}, } @article{fdi:010044800, title = {{L}es saphirs multicolores de {S}ahambano et {Z}azafotsy, r{\'e}gion granulitique d'{I}hosy, {M}adagascar}, author = {{R}alantoarison, {T}. and {A}ndriamamonjy, {A}. and {O}ffant, {Y}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}akotondrazafy, {A}.{M}.{M}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwarz, {D}. and {D}unaigre, {C}. and {F}allick, {A}. and {R}azanatseheno, {M}. and {R}akotosamizanany, {S}. and {M}oine, {B}. and {B}aillot, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {OROGENESE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {GNEISS} ; {FER} ; {COULEUR} ; {SAPHIR} ; {CORINDON} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {ILHOSY} ; {SAHAMBANO} ; {ZAZAFOTSY}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {158}, pages = {4--13}, year = {2006}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044800}, } @article{fdi:010044799, title = {{A}r-{A}r and {U}-{P}b ages of marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and southeast {A}sia}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {M}aluski, {H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {DATATION} ; {ISOTOPE} {RADIOACTIF} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {EXTENSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {OROGENESE} ; {RUBIS} ; {MARBRE} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {MYANMAR} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {CACHEMIRE} ; {JEGDALEK} ; {HUNZA} {VALLEE} ; {MOGOK} ; {YEN} {BAI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {J}ournal of {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {43}, numero = {}, pages = {509--532}, year = {2006}, DOI = {10.1139/{E}06-005}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044799}, } @article{fdi:010034376, title = {{O}xygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}allick, {A}.{E}. and {G}arnier, {V}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {PLACER} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {SAPHIR} ; {CORINDON} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}eology}, volume = {33}, numero = {4}, pages = {249--252}, ISSN = {0091-7613}, year = {2005}, DOI = {10.1130/{G}21261.1}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034376}, } @article{PAR00000156, title = {{B}asalt petrology, zircon ages and sapphire genesis from {D}ak {N}ong, southern {V}ietnam}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}. and {F}allick, {A}. {E}. and {T}rong, {T}. {P}. and {Q}uang, {V}. {H}. and {V}an, {L}. {P}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{B}asalts associated with sapphire deposits are widespread in {E}urope, {A}frica, {A}sia and {A}ustralia. {I}n {V}ietnam, blue, green and yellow sapphires are recovered from eluvial and alluvial placers hosted in basaltic fields of the {D}ak {L}ak {P}rovince. {T}wo distinct basalt suites are recognized in this field: a tholeiitic suite without any xenocrysts and an alkaline suite with mantle and lower crustal xenocrysts. {T}he sapphires are enriched in {F}e (0.43 to 1.26 wt.%), with moderate contents of {C}r (33-1582 ppm), {T}i (35-1080 ppm), {G}a (149-308 ppm) and {V} (28-438 ppm) and they are poor in {Z}n and {M}g. {T}heir {O}-isotope compositions range from 6.0 to 6.9 parts per thousand and are not in equilibrium with the alkali basalts which have delta(18){O} values between 5.0 and 5.7 parts per thousand. {T}he {U}-{P}b dating of zircons recovered from the basaltic placers provides evidence of two eruptional events: one at similar to 6.5 {M}a followed by another one at similar to 1 {M}a. {T}he petrography of the basalts and the oxygen isotopic composition of the sapphires suggest that the sapphires are xenocrysts and that they crystallized in a deep magma chamber, at the lower continental lithosphere and the upper mantle boundary, in evolved melts issued from the fractionation of alkali basaltic magmas contaminated with lower crustal fluids.}, keywords = {sapphire ; basalt ; petrography ; geochemistry ; zircon ; {U} {P}b dating by {SIMS} ; oxygen isotopes ; {V}ietnam}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralogical {M}agazine}, volume = {69}, numero = {1}, pages = {21--38}, ISSN = {0026-461{X}}, year = {2005}, DOI = {10.1180/0026461056910233}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00000156}, } @article{PAR00000645, title = {{A}ge and significance of ruby-bearing marble from the {R}ed {R}iver {S}hear {Z}one, northern {V}ietnam}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}. and {M}aluski, {H}. and {D}eloule, {E}. and {T}rong, {T}. {P}. and {V}an, {L}. {P}. and {Q}uang, {V}. {H}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{M}arble-hosted ruby deposits occur in the {L}o {G}am tectonic zone along the northeastern flank of the {D}ay {N}ui {C}on {V}oi {R}ange in the {R}ed {R}iver {S}hear {Z}one, in the northern part of {V}ietnam. {C}rystals of zircon included in ruby and spinel from {L}uc {Y}en and {A}n {P}hu deposits were dated in situ by the {U}-{P}b method with an ion microprobe. {T}he patchy zoning of the zircon crystals and the wide range of ages (266-38 {M}a) provide evidence for a complex metamorphic history, with at least two main thermal events: (1) {Z}ircon included in spinel crystals probably crystallized during the {P}ermian (256.6 +/- 9.4 {M}a), with a possible reopening of their {U}-{P}b system in the early {T}riassic (231.7 +/- 5.6 {M}a). (2) {R}uby formed at about 38 {M}a when the {R}ed {R}iver {S}hear {Z}one was the site of ductile deformation during the peak of metamorphism. {T}he dating of zircon and phlogopite syngenetic with ruby documents the temporal relationship between high-temperature metamorphism and the cooling history of the {R}ed {R}iver metamorphic belt. {R}uby deposits hosted by marble sequences, in central and southeastern {A}sia seem to be an excellent marker; they allow an interpretation of the timing of the activity of {C}enozoic structures linked to the collision between {I}ndian and {E}urasian continents.}, keywords = {ruby deposits ; marble ; zircon ; in situ {U} {P}b dating ; {C}enozoic ages ; ion probe data ; electron microprobe data ; cathodoluminescence ; northern {V}ietnam}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {43}, numero = {{P}art 4}, pages = {1315--1329}, ISSN = {0008-4476}, year = {2005}, DOI = {10.2113/gscanmin.43.4.1315}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00000645}, } @article{fdi:010034378, title = {{L}'aspidolite fluor{\'e}e : r{\^o}le des {\'e}vaporites dans la gen{\`e}se du rubis des marbres de {N}angimali ({A}zad-{K}ashmir, {P}akistan)}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {ANALYSE} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {EVAPORITE} ; {CORINDON} ; {MARBRE} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {CACHEMIRE} ; {NANGIMALI} ; {NANGA} {PARBAT} {MASSIF} ; {NEELUM} {VALLEE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}{\'e}oscience}, volume = {336}, numero = {}, pages = {1245--1253}, ISSN = {1631-0713}, year = {2004}, DOI = {10.1016/j.crte.2004.06.008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034378}, } @article{fdi:010034441, title = {{M}arble-hosted ruby from {V}ietnam}, author = {{P}ham {V}an {L}ong and {H}oang {Q}uang {V}inh and {G}arnier, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {CORINDON} ; {MARBRE} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {YEN} {BAI} ; {LUC} {YEN} {MINE} ; {NGHE} {AN} ; {QUY} {CHAN} {MINE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {G}emmologist}, volume = {25}, numero = {3}, pages = {83--95}, ISSN = {0000}, year = {2004}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034441}, } @article{fdi:010034442, title = {{G}emstones in {V}ietnam : a review}, author = {{P}ham {V}an {L}ong and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {CORINDON} ; {SAPHIR} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {YEN} {BAI} ; {TAN} {HUONG} {MINE} ; {TRUC} {LAU} {MINE} ; {BAC} {KAN} ; {QUY} {CHAU} {MINE} ; {DAK} {NONG} ; {MA} {LAM} ; {DA} {BAN} ; {XUAN} {LE} ; {THACH} {KHOAN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ustralian {G}emmologist}, volume = {22}, numero = {}, pages = {162--168}, ISSN = {0004-9174}, year = {2004}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034442}, } @article{fdi:010037123, title = {{L}es gisements de corindon : classification et g{\'e}n{\`e}se}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwartz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {MAGMATISME} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {TECTONIQUE} {DE} {PLAQUES} ; {GENESE} ; {CLASSIFICATION} ; {GISEMENT} {PRIMAIRE} ; {RUBIS} ; {SAPHIR} ; {CORINDON} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {THAILANDE} ; {CAMBODGE} ; {SRI} {LANKA} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {MYANMAR}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}e {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {55}, pages = {7--35}, ISSN = {1259-4415}, year = {2004}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037123}, } @article{fdi:010037124, title = {{L}es placers {\`a} corindon gemme}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ALLUVIONNAIRE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {GENESE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {PLACER} ; {RUBIS} ; {GEMME} ; {CORINDON} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {AUSTRALIE} ; {TANZANIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}e {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {55}, pages = {36--47}, ISSN = {1259-4415}, year = {2004}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037124}, } @article{fdi:010037125, title = {{L}e sel des rubis}, author = {{L}emarchand, {F}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {GENESE} ; {RUBIS} ; {GEMME} ; {MYANMAR} ; {MOGOK} {VALLEE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}a {R}echerche}, numero = {379}, pages = {80--87}, ISSN = {0029-5671}, year = {2004}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037125}, } @article{PAR00000023, title = {{F}luor-rich aspidolite: a witness of evaporite implication in the genesis of ruby {N}angimali ({A}zad-{K}ashmir, {P}akistan) marbles}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{D}ans les marbres {\`a} rubis de {N}angimali, dans l'{A}zad-{K}ashmir au {P}akistan, on a d{\'e}couvert des intercroissances de plusieurs micas : aspidolite (phlogopite sodique), de phlogopite et de paragonite. {L}es deux phlogopites, intimement li{\'e}es et coexistant avec la paragonite, sont enrichies en fluor, contrairement aux phengites et paragonites. {L}'aspidolite enrichie en fluor est d{\'e}crite pour la premi{\`e}re fois. {L}a phengite peut {\^e}tre, soit associ{\'e}e {\`a} la phlogopite, soit isol{\'e}e. {L}a pr{\'e}sence d'aspidolite dans les marbres {\`a} rubis, ainsi que d'autres arguments comme les inclusions solides {\`a} sels et la pr{\'e}sence d'anhydrite, sugg{\`e}rent l'implication d'{\'e}vaporites pour la gen{\`e}se des corindons gemmes.}, keywords = {aspidolite (sodium phlogopite) ; phlogopite ; paragonite ; phengite ; evaporites ; ruby-bearing marble ; {N}angimali ; {P}akistan}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}eoscience}, volume = {336}, numero = {14}, pages = {1245--1253}, ISSN = {1631-0713}, year = {2004}, DOI = {10.1016/j.crte.2004.06.008}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00000023}, } @article{fdi:010034375, title = {{P}ressure, temperature and fluid conditions during emerald precipitation, southeastern {Y}ukon, {C}anada : fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence}, author = {{M}arshall, {D}. and {G}roat, {L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}urphy, {D}. and {M}attey, {D}. and {E}rcit, {T}.{S}. and {W}ise, {M}.{A}. and {W}engzynowski, {W}. and {E}aton, {D}.{W}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALISATION} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {PRECIPITATION} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {CANADA} ; {YUKON} {TERRITORY}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology}, volume = {194}, numero = {}, pages = {187--199}, ISSN = {0009-2541}, year = {2003}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}0009-2541(02)00277-2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034375}, } @article{fdi:010034380, title = {{CO}2-{H}2{S}-{COS}-{S}8-{A}1{O}({OH})-bearing fluid inclusions in ruby from marble-hosted deposits in {L}uc {Y}en area, {N}orth {V}ietnam}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {B}anks, {D}. and {H}oang {Q}uang {V}inh and {L}homme, {T}. and {P}ironon, {J}. and {G}arnier, {V}. and {P}han {T}rong {T}rinh and {P}ham {V}an {L}ong and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {EVAPORITE} ; {ANALYSE} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {SPECTROSCOPIE} ; {CORINDON} ; {MARBRE} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {LUC} {YEN} ; {LO} {GAM} {REGION} ; {BAI} {DA} {LAN} {MINE} ; {AN} {PHU} {MINE} ; {MINH} {TIEN} {MINE} ; {KHOAN} {THONG} {MINE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology}, volume = {194}, numero = {}, pages = {167--185}, ISSN = {0009-2541}, year = {2003}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}0009-2541(02)00276-0}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034380}, } @article{fdi:010034444, title = {{L}e nouveau traitement produisant des couleurs orange {\`a} jaune dans les saphirs}, author = {{F}ritsch, {E}mmanuel and {C}halain, {J}.{P}. and {H}änni, {H}. and {D}evouard, {B}. and {C}hazot, {G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}chwartz, {D}. and {R}ollion-{B}ard, {C}. and {G}arnier, {V}. and {B}arda, {S}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {N}otari, {F}. and {M}aitrallet, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {COULEUR} ; {TECHNIQUE} {DE} {FABRICATION} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {SPECTROSCOPIE} ; {SAPHIR} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {TANZANIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {147}, pages = {11--23}, ISSN = {0398-9011}, year = {2003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034444}, } @article{fdi:010034448, title = {{X}ac dinh tuoi zircon trong bao the rubi va spinel vung {L}uc {Y}en bang phuong phap uran - chi}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {T}rong {T}rinh, {P}. and {D}eloule, {E}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {V}an {L}ong, {P}. and {Q}uand {V}inh, {H}.}, editor = {}, language = {{VIE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {DATATION} ; {URANIUM} ; {PLOMB} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {CORINDON} ; {SPINELLE} ; {ZIRCON} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {LUC} {YEN} ; {LO} {GAM}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}ap {C}hi {C}ac {K}hoa {H}oc {V}e {T}rai {D}at}, volume = {25}, numero = {1}, pages = {22--26}, ISSN = {0886-7187}, year = {2003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034448}, } @article{fdi:010037114, title = {{L}a {M}ine de {P}iteiras, {M}inas {G}erais, nouvelle source d'{\'e}meraude de belle qualit{\'e} au {B}r{\'e}sil}, author = {{R}ondeau, {B}. and {N}otari, {F}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}ichelou, {JC}. and {M}artins {S}. and {F}ritsch, {E}mmanuel and {R}espinger, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALISATION} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ISOTOPE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {GEMME} ; {BRESIL} {SUDESTE} ; {MINAS} {GERAIS} ; {PITEIRAS} {MINE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {148}, pages = {9--25}, ISSN = {0398-9011}, year = {2003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037114}, } @incollection{fdi:010034019, title = {{D}es escargots fossiles en {\'e}meraude}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {FOSSILE} ; {SEDIMENT} ; {DISSOLUTION} ; {COQUILLE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {GALACHA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {{E}ncylop{\'e}die universalis}, numero = {}, pages = {1}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{E}ncyclopedia {U}niversalis ({FRA})}, series = {}, year = {2003}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034019}, } @article{fdi:010034372, title = {{R}ubis trapiches de {M}ong {H}su, {M}yanmar}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {CROISSANCE} {CRISTALLINE} ; {TEXTURE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {MICROSCOPIE} {ELECTRONIQUE} {A} {BALAYAGE} ; {CORINDON} ; {ASIE} {DU} {SUD} {EST} ; {MYANMAR} ; {MONG} {HSU}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {144}, pages = {5--12}, ISSN = {0398-9011}, year = {2002}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034372}, } @article{fdi:010034373, title = {{M}ineralogical and geochemical study of the regal ridge emerald showing, southeastern {Y}ukon}, author = {{G}roat, {L}.{A}. and {M}arshall, {D}.{D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}urphy, {D}.{C}. and {P}iercey, {S}.{J}. and {L}ambor, {J}.{L}. and {M}ortensen, {J}.{K}. and {E}rcit, {T}.{S}. and {G}ault, {R}.{A}. and {M}attey, {D}.{P}. and {S}chwarz, {D}. and {M}aluski, {H}. and {W}ise, {M}.{A}. and {W}engzynowski, {W}. and {E}aton, {D}.{W}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {COMPOSITION} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {GEOCHRONOLOGIE} ; {CANADA} ; {YUKON} {TERRITORY} ; {FINLAYSON} {LAC}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}anadian {M}ineralogist}, volume = {40}, numero = {}, pages = {1313--1338}, ISSN = {0}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.2113/gscanmin.40.5.1313}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034373}, } @article{fdi:010034374, title = {{G}eology, geochemistry and {A}r-{A}r geochronology of the {N}angimali ruby deposit, {N}anga {P}arbat {H}imalaya ({A}zad {K}ashmir, {P}akistan)}, author = {{P}{\^e}cher, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}arnier, {V}. and {M}aluski, {H}. and {K}ausar, {A}.{B}. and {M}alik, {R}.{H}. and {M}untaz, {H}.{R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ROCHE} {METAMORPHIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ELEMENT} {CHIMIQUE} {MAJEUR} ; {ELEMENT} {EN} {TRACE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {CARBONE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {GEOCHRONOLOGIE} ; {CORINDON} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {CACHEMIRE} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {NANGIMALI} ; {NEELUM} {VALLEY} ; {SHONTAR} {GALI} ; {NANGA} {PARBAT}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {A}sian {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {21}, numero = {}, pages = {265--282}, ISSN = {1367-9120}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}1367-9120(02)00041-{X}}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034374}, } @article{fdi:010034446, title = {{T}race-elements contents and cathodoluminescence of "trapiche" rubies from {M}ong {H}su, {M}yanmar ({B}urma) : geological significance}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}lanc, {P}. and {S}chwartz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {ELEMENT} {EN} {TRACE} ; {MICROSCOPIE} {ELECTRONIQUE} {A} {BALAYAGE} ; {LUMINESCENCE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {CORINDON} ; {MYANMAR} ; {MONG} {HSU}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralogy and {P}etrology}, volume = {76}, numero = {}, pages = {179--193}, ISSN = {0000}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.1007/s007100200040}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034446}, } @article{fdi:010029760, title = {{A}ndean deformation and rift inversion, eastern edge of {C}ordillera {O}riental ({G}uateque-{M}edina area), {C}olombia}, author = {{B}anquet, {Y}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}obbold, {P}. {R}. and {B}aby, {P}atrice and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {OROGENESE} ; {COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {RIFT} ; {FAILLE} ; {STRATIGRAPHIE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ANDES} ; {GUATEQUE} ; {MEDINA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {S}outh {A}merican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {15}, numero = {4}, pages = {391--407}, ISSN = {0895-9811}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}0895-9811(02)00063-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029760}, } @article{fdi:010029764, title = {{A}r-{A}r ages in phlogopites from marble-hosted ruby deposits in northern {V}ietnam : evidence for cenozoic ruby formation}, author = {{G}arnier, {V}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}aluski, {H}. and {O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {T}rin {P}han {T}rong and {V}ing {H}oang {Q}uang and {L}ong {P}ham {V}an and {T}ich {V}u {V}an and {S}chwartz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {MINE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {DATATION} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {CENOZOIQUE} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {YEN} {BAI} ; {VINH}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology}, volume = {188}, numero = {1-2}, pages = {33--49}, ISSN = {0009-2541}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}0009-2541(02)00063-3}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029764}, } @article{fdi:010029768, title = {{L}es {\'e}meraudes de {G}achala, {C}olombie : historique, gen{\`e}se et d{\'e}couverte pal{\'e}ontologiques}, author = {{V}uillet, {P}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}isher, {J}.{C}. and {C}hiappero, {P}.{J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINE} ; {GENESE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {PALEONTOLOGIE} ; {FOSSILE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {GACHALA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}e {R}{\`e}gne {M}in{\'e}ral}, numero = {46}, pages = {5--17}, year = {2002}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029768}, } @article{PAR00002996, title = {{A}ndean deformation and rift inversion, eastern edge of {C}ordillera {O}riental ({G}uateque-{M}edina area), {C}olombia.}, author = {{B}ranquet, {Y}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}obbold, {R}.{P}. and {B}aby, {P}atrice and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{I}n the {G}uateque-{M}edina area, {P}aleozoic basement and {M}esozoic rift basins have been uplifted and exhumed during the {A}ndean orogeny (12 {M}a to present). {S}urface exposures and subsurface data constrain the deformation style and the rift geometry. {W}e have mapped a regional transect and restored a cross section. {W}e have also reconciled existing stratigraphic data, from cordillera, foothills and foreland basin, and have added new data of our own. {I}n {E}arly {C}retaceous shales, there is evidence for fault-controlled sedimentation. {A} brecciated evaporitic layer, which is locally emerald bearing, has acted as a regional detachment. {T}he underlying basement, composed of {P}aleozoic sediments, crops out as the {Q}uetame {M}assif. {I}t was uplifted during the {A}ndean orogeny on a series of high-angle reverse faults. {T}he main {SE}-verging {T}esalia fault has resulted from {A}ndean reactivation of an {E}arly {C}retaceous normal fault, which bounded a half-rift. {A} series of {NW}-verging back-thrusts may have resulted from {A}ndean reactivation of {P}aleozoic faults. {B}etween the back-thrusts and the {T}esalia fault is a basement pop-up. {I}t may be part of a flower structure, because components of right-lateral slip have been identified. {T}hese are attributed to eastward subduction of the {N}azca plate beneath {S}outh {A}merica. {I}n general, the style and timing of {A}ndean deformation in the {G}uateque-{M}edina area are compatible with the plate tectonic setting of the northern {A}ndes.}, keywords = {{A}ndean deformation ; {R}ift inversion ; {C}olombia ; {C}ordillera {O}riental ; {G}uateque-{M}edina are ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ANDES}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {S}outh {A}merican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {15}, numero = {4}, pages = {391--407}, year = {2002}, DOI = {10.1016/{S}0895-9811(02)00063-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00002996}, } @incollection{fdi:010029769, title = {{E}merald}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {ISOTOPE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {ORIGINE} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {ZAMBIE} ; {BRESIL} ; {RUSSIE} ; {MADAGASCAR} ; {ZIMBABWE} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {AFGHANISTAN}}, booktitle = {{M}c{G}raw-{H}ill yearbook of science and technology : comprehensive coverage of recent events and research}, numero = {}, pages = {92--94}, address = {{N}ew {Y}ork}, publisher = {{M}c{G}raw-{H}ill}, series = {}, year = {2002}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029769}, } @incollection{fdi:010030126, title = {{T}he origin of emerald : a controversial topic}, author = {{S}chwarz, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {G}rundmann, {G}. and {G}las, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ROCHE} {HOTE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {CLASSIFICATION} ; {NIGERIA} ; {RUSSIE} ; {AUTRICHE} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {BRESIL}}, booktitle = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, numero = {2}, pages = {18--23}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030126}, } @incollection{fdi:010030127, title = {{E}meralds of the world : notes on known emerald occurrences}, author = {{G}rundmann, {G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {ORIGINE} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {QUANTITATIVE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {ROCHE} {HOTE} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, numero = {2}, pages = {24--35}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030127}, } @incollection{fdi:010030128, title = {{S}outh {A}merica : {C}olombia : the western and eastern zones of the {E}astern {C}ordillera : still number 1 in the world}, author = {{S}chwarz, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {HISTOIRE} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, numero = {2}, pages = {36--45}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030128}, } @incollection{fdi:010030129, title = {{S}outh {A}merica : {B}razil : {M}inas {G}erais, {B}razil's top producer along with {B}ahia, {C}eara, {G}oias and {T}ocantius}, author = {{S}chwarz, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {MINAS} {GERAIS} ; {BAHIA} ; {CEARA} ; {GOIAS} ; {TOCANTINS}}, booktitle = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, numero = {2}, pages = {46--51}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030129}, } @incollection{fdi:010030130, title = {{E}meralds from {A}sia : {P}akistan, {A}fghanistan and {I}ndia : historically significant deposits}, author = {{S}chwarz, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {HISTOIRE} {ECONOMIQUE} ; {PAKISTAN} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {INDE}}, booktitle = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, numero = {2}, pages = {60--63}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030130}, } @book{fdi:010030125, title = {{E}merald : the most valuable beryl : the most precious gemstone}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {J}arnot, {M}. and {N}eumeier, {G}. and {O}ttaway, {T}. and {S}inkankas, {J}. and {S}taebler, {G}. and {P}etrov, {A}. and {N}eumeier, {G}.}, editor = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {J}arnot, {M}. and {N}eumeier, {G}. and {O}ttaway, {T}. and {S}inkankas, {J}. and {S}taebler, {G}.}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {MONDE}}, address = {{E}ast {H}ampton}, publisher = {{L}apis {I}nternational}, series = {{E}xtra {L}apis {E}nglish}, pages = {100}, year = {2002}, ISBN = {0-971-5371-1-9}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030125}, } @article{fdi:010034445, title = {{E}merald deposits : a review}, author = {{S}chwartz, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {TYPOLOGIE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}ustralian {G}emmologist}, volume = {21}, numero = {}, pages = {17--23}, ISSN = {0004-9174}, year = {2001}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010034445}, } @article{fdi:010029770, title = {{M}ineralogy, age and fluid geochemistry of the rila emerald deposit, {B}ulgaria}, author = {{A}lexandrov, {P}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {TALC} ; {SCHISTE} ; {DATATION} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {BULGARIE} ; {RHODOPA} ; {RILA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}conomic {G}eology}, volume = {96}, numero = {}, pages = {1469--1476}, ISSN = {0361-0128}, year = {2001}, DOI = {10.2113/96.6.1469}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029770}, } @article{fdi:010029774, title = {{L}'exploitation des mines d'{\'e}meraude d'{A}utriche et de la {H}aute-{E}gypte {\`a} l'{\'e}poque gallo-romaine : mythe ou r{\'e}alit{\'e} ?}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}haussidon, {M}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {S}avay {G}uerraz, {H}. and {C}hiappero, {P}.{J}. and {S}chubnel, {H}.{J}. and {G}avrilenko, {E}. and {S}chwarz, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {MINE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {ORIGINE} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {ARCHEOLOGIE} {HISTORIQUE} ; {AUTRICHE} ; {EGYPTE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evue de {G}emmologie}, numero = {143}, pages = {20--24}, ISSN = {0398-9011}, year = {2001}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029774}, } @incollection{fdi:010029580, title = {{G}eologia das jazidas auriferas mina 3 e mina nova, {G}reenstone {B}elt de {C}rixas ({GO})}, author = {{F}erro de {O}liveira {F}ortes, {P}. and {G}aspar, {J}.{C}. and {C}oelho, {R}.{F}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {J}ost, {H}. and {D}a {C}osta, {C}.{N}. and {D}e {M}oraes, {R}. and {K}uyumjian, {R}.{D}. and {S}antos, {R}.{V}. and {P}imentel, {M}.{M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{METALLOGENIE} ; {OR} ; {MINE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ELEMENT} {CHIMIQUE} {MAJEUR} ; {ELEMENT} {CHIMIQUE} {MINEUR} ; {GEOCHRONOLOGIE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {CRIXAS}}, booktitle = {{C}aracterizacao de depositos auriferos em distritos mineiros brasileiros}, numero = {}, pages = {243--300}, address = {{B}rasilia ({BRA}) ; {B}rasilia}, publisher = {{M}inisterio de {M}inas e {E}nergia ; {DNPM}}, series = {}, year = {2001}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029580}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010038123, title = {{E}meralds of the {U}ral mountains ({R}ussia) : geology, fluid inclusions and oxygen isotopes}, author = {{G}avrilenko, {E}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {P}opov, {M}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GENESE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {RUSSIE} ; {OURAL} ; {EKATERINBOURG} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {36--40}, booktitle = {{P}roceedings of 28 international gemmological conference}, year = {2001}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010038123}, } @article{fdi:010029773, title = {{E}merald mineralisation in {C}olombia : fluid chemistry and the role of brine mixing}, author = {{B}anks, {D}.{A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {Y}ardley, {B}.{W}.{D}. and {C}heilletz, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {35}, numero = {}, pages = {699--713}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {2000}, DOI = {10.1007/s001260050273}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029773}, } @article{fdi:010020866, title = {{O}xygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since antiquity}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}haussidon, {M}. and {S}chubnel, {H}.{J}. and {P}iat, {D}.{H}. and {R}ollion-{B}ard, {C}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {G}iard, {D}. and {N}arvaez, {D}. de and {R}ondeau, {B}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}xygen isotopic compositions of historical emerald artifacts from the {G}allo-{R}oman period to the 18th century indicate that during historical times, artisans worked emeralds originating from deposits supposedly discovered in the 20th century. {I}n antiquity, {P}akistani and {E}gyptian emeralds were traded by way of the {S}ilk {R}oute. {T}ogether with {A}ustrian stones, they were the only source of gem-quality emeralds. {I}mmediately after the discovery of the {C}olombian mines by {S}paniards in the 16th century, a new trade route was established, first via {S}pain to {E}urope and {I}ndia and then directly via the {P}hilippines to {I}ndia. {S}ince then, {C}olombian emeralds have dominated the emerald trade, and most of the high-quality emeralds cut in the 18th century in {I}ndia originated from {C}olombia. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {COMMERCE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DES} {RESSOURCES} {NATURELLES} ; {EMERAUDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}cience}, volume = {287}, numero = {5453}, pages = {631--633}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, year = {2000}, DOI = {10.1126/science.287.5453.631}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010020866}, } @article{fdi:010023059, title = {{L}a route des {\'e}meraudes anciennes}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {H}euz{\'e}, {M}. and {C}haussidon, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {PIERRE} ; {MINE} ; {HISTOIRE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {EGYPTE} ; {AUTRICHE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{P}our la {S}cience}, numero = {277}, pages = {58--65}, ISSN = {0153-4092}, year = {2000}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010023059}, } @article{fdi:010059693, title = {{A}pplication de l'analyse isotopique par spectrom{\'e}trie de masse et sonde ionique de l'oxyg{\`e}ne des {\'e}meraudes naturelles}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}haussidon, {M}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {R}ollion, {C}. and {M}angin, {D}. and {C}oget, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {ARCHEOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {GEMME} ; {MONDE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}nalusis}, volume = {27}, numero = {3}, pages = {203--206}, year = {1999}, DOI = {10.1051/analusis:1999270203}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059693}, } @article{fdi:010029847, title = {{C}olombian emerald reserves inferred leached beryllium of their host black shale}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}ourl{\`e}s, {D}. and {M}assot, {J}. and {S}iame, {L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINE} ; {MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {SCHISTE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {CHIVOR} {MINE} ; {EL} {TORO} {MINE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}xploration and {M}ining {G}eology}, volume = {8}, numero = {1-2}, pages = {109--116}, ISSN = {0964-1823}, year = {1999}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010029847}, } @article{fdi:010019064, title = {{E}meralds in the {E}astern cordillera of {C}olombia : two tectonic settings for one mineralization}, author = {{B}ranquet, {Y}. and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}olombian emeralds are formed through a hydrothermal-sedimentary process. {O}n the western side of the {E}astern {C}ordillera, the deposits are linked by tear faults and associated thrusts developed during a compressive tectonic phase that occurred at the time of the {E}ocene-{O}ligocene boundary, prior to the major uplift of the {C}ordillera during the {A}ndean phase (middle {M}iocene). {O}n the eastern side of the {C}ordillera, emerald mineralization occurred earlier, at the time of the {C}retaceous-{T}eritary boundary, during a thin-skinned extensional tectonic event linked to evaporite dissolution. {T}his event predates the {A}ndean phase, during which this part of the chain was folded and thrust over the {L}lanos foreland. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{MINERAI} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {EVAPORITE} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {CRETACE} ; {TERTIAIRE} ; {EOCENE} ; {OLIGOCENE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{G}eology}, volume = {27}, numero = {7}, pages = {597--600}, ISSN = {0091-7613}, year = {1999}, DOI = {10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0597:{EITECO}>2.3.{CO};2}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010019064}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010022655, title = {{A}ndean transpressive tectonics at the eastern edge of the {C}ordillera {O}riental, {C}olombia ({C}hivor-{G}uavio area)}, author = {{B}ranquet, {Y}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}obbold, {P}.{R}. and {B}aby, {P}atrice and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{D}es {\'e}tudes de terrain appuy{\'e}es par l'interpr{\'e}tation de profiles sismiques nous ont permis de r{\'e}aliser une coupe du bord {E}st de la {C}ordill{\`e}re {O}rientale de {C}olombie int{\'e}grant le massif de {Q}uetame et la zone subandine des foothills du {G}uavio. {C}ette {\'e}tude met en {\'e}vidence l'importance du r{\'e}gime transpressif lors des phases orog{\'e}niques {A}ndines responsables du soul{\`e}vement de la {C}ordill{\`e}re {O}rientale. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{TECTONIQUE} ; {COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {PROFIL} {SISMIQUE} ; {FACIES} ; {OROGENESE} ; {FAILLE} ; {ETUDE} {REGIONALE} ; {ANDES} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {CHIVOR} {GUAVIO} ; {QUETAME} {MASSIF}}, numero = {}, pages = {103--105}, booktitle = {{G}{\'e}odynamique andine : r{\'e}sum{\'e}s {\'e}tendus = {A}ndean geodynamics : extended abstracts = {G}eodinamica andina : resumenes expandidos}, year = {1999}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010022655}, } @inproceedings{fdi:010022674, title = {{S}tructural setting and age of the {C}olombian emerald deposits : implications for the tectonic evolution of the {C}ordillera {O}riental}, author = {{L}aumonier, {B}ernard and {B}ranquet, {Y}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{A} l'est de la {C}ordill{\`e}re, les gisements se sont form{\'e}s en contexte extensif, {\`a} la limite {C}r{\'e}tac{\'e}-{T}ertiaire, bien avant les compressions andines n{\'e}og{\`e}nes {\`a} l'origine de la cha{\^i}ne pliss{\'e}e et chevauchante vers l'est. {A} l'ouest de la {C}ordill{\`e}re, les gisements et la cha{\^i}ne pliss{\'e}e chevauchante vers l'ouest se font form{\'e}s simultan{\'e}ment, en r{\'e}gime compressif, {\`a} l'{E}oc{\`e}ne sup{\'e}rieur ou au d{\'e}but de l'{O}ligoc{\`e}ne, ind{\'e}pendament des phases andines n{\'e}og{\`e}nes. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{TECTONIQUE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {EXTENSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ANALYSE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {CHRONOLOGIE} ; {CRETACE} ; {TERTIAIRE} ; {EOCENE} ; {OLIGOCENE} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {ANDES} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {BOGOTA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {422--423}, booktitle = {{G}{\'e}odynamique andine : r{\'e}sum{\'e}s {\'e}tendus = {A}ndean geodynamics : extended abstracts = {G}eodinamica andina : resumenes expandidos}, year = {1999}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010022674}, } @incollection{fdi:010014838, title = {{V}ers une carte d'identit{\'e} isotopique 18{O}/16{O} des {\'e}meraudes naturelles et synth{\'e}tiques}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {C}oget, {P}. and {S}chwarz, {D}. and {N}otary, {F}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}haussidon, {M}. and {G}iard, {D}. and {P}iat, {D}. and {B}ariand, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE}}, booktitle = {{L}'{\'e}meraude : connaissances actuelles et prospectives}, numero = {}, pages = {55--70}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{A}ssociation {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {G}emmologie}, series = {}, year = {1998}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010014838}, } @incollection{fdi:010014839, title = {{L}es fluides dans les {\'e}meraudes : leur {\'e}tude par spectrom{\'e}trie de masse}, author = {{Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {QUANTITATIVE} ; {ANALYSE} {QUALITATIVE} ; {EMERAUDE}}, booktitle = {{L}'{\'e}meraude : connaissances actuelles et prospectives}, numero = {}, pages = {97--102}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{A}ssociation {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {G}emmologie}, series = {}, year = {1998}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010014839}, } @incollection{fdi:010014840, title = {{E}meraudes trapiches colombiennes}, author = {{O}hnenstetter, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}ustos, {O}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {LUMINESCENCE} ; {EMERAUDE}}, booktitle = {{L}'{\'e}meraude : connaissances actuelles et prospectives}, numero = {}, pages = {119--124}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{A}ssociation {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {G}emmologie}, series = {}, year = {1998}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010014840}, } @incollection{fdi:010014841, title = {{L}a r{\'e}trospective bibliographique de l'{\'e}meraude des ann{\'e}es 90}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {BIBLIOGRAPHIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; 1990 1997}, booktitle = {{L}'{\'e}meraude = {T}he emerald : connaissances actuelles et prospectives}, numero = {}, pages = {217--220}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{A}ssociation {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {G}emmologie}, series = {}, year = {1998}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010014841}, } @book{fdi:010014836, title = {{L}'{\'e}meraude : connaissances actuelles et prospectives}, author = {{G}iard, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}ritsch, {E}mmanuel and {G}onthier, {E}.}, editor = {{G}iard, {D}.}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} {INFRAROUGE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {SYNTHESE} ; {EXPLOITATION} {DU} {SOUS} {SOL} ; {EMERAUDE}}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{A}ssociation {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {G}emmologie}, series = {}, pages = {235}, year = {1998}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010014836}, } @article{fdi:010059690, title = {{F}luid composition, {D} of channel {H}2{O}, and 18{O} of lattice oxygen in beryls : genetic implications for {B}razilian, {C}olombian, and {A}fghanistani emerald deposits}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {A}rboleda, {C}. and {C}haroy, {B}. and {C}oget, {P}. and {F}ontan, {F}. and {G}iard, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {HYDROGENE} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {ORIGINE} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {GISEMENT} ; {BRESIL} ; {AFGHANISTAN} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ALGERIE} ; {PORTUGAL} ; {ADRA} {RENAISSANCE} ; {MANGUALDE} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} ; {LASSUR} ; {ORIENTE} ; {GUALA} ; {COSCUEZ} ; {CINCHO} ; {GUJARI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{I}nternational {G}eology {R}eview}, volume = {39}, numero = {5}, pages = {400--424}, ISSN = {0020-6814}, year = {1997}, DOI = {10.1080/00206819709465280}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059690}, } @article{fdi:010059691, title = {{M}ineralogical significance of fluids in channels of colombian emeralds : a mass-spectrometry study}, author = {{Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {A}rboleda, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {SODIUM} ; {TEMPERATURE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {ANDES} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {GUALA} ; {ORIENTE} ; {COSCUEZ} ; {CINCHO} ; {VEGA} {SAN} {JUAN} ; {PALO} {ARANADO} ; {YACOPI} ; {PAVA} ; {TEQUENDEMA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{I}nternational {G}eology {R}eview}, volume = {39}, numero = {5}, pages = {425--437}, ISSN = {0020-6814}, year = {1997}, DOI = {10.1080/00206819709465281}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059691}, } @article{fdi:010059692, title = {40{A}r/39{A}r and {K}-{A}r geochronological evidence for two periods (2 {G}a and 650 to 500 {M}a) of emerald formation in {B}razil}, author = {{R}ibeiro-{A}lthoff, {A}.{M}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {B}arbosa {C}amacho, {G}. and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {DATATION} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} ; {SOCOTO} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {PIRENPOLIS} ; {COQUI} ; {CAPOEIRANA} ; {POMBOS} ; {JUCA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{I}nternational {G}eology {R}eview}, volume = {39}, numero = {10}, pages = {924--937}, ISSN = {0020-6814}, year = {1997}, DOI = {10.1080/00206819709465310}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059692}, } @article{fdi:010030884, title = {{L}es gisements d'{\'e}meraude du {B}r{\'e}sil : gen{\`e}se et typologie}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {R}ibeiro-{A}lthoff, {A}.{M}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {F}eraud, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERAL} ; {BERYLIUM} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GISEMENT} {ENDOGENE} ; {GISEMENT} {STRATIFORME} ; {TYPOLOGIE} ; {GENESE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {FAILLE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {ROCHE} {BASIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {ULTRABASIQUE} ; {ROCHE} {ENCAISSANTE} ; {SCHISTE} ; {DATATION} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {ANALYSE} {MINERALOGIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {MINAS} {GERAIS} ; {GOIAS} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {SOCOTO} ; {MINA} {BELMONT} ; {CAPOEIRANA} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hronique de la {R}echerche {M}ini{\`e}re}, numero = {526}, pages = {17--61}, ISSN = {0182-564}, year = {1997}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010030884}, } @article{fdi:010011857, title = {{C}omment se forment les {\'e}meraudes : caract{\'e}riser la g{\'e}ologie des gisements pour mieux distinguer les vraies des fausses}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {CRISTALLOGRAPHIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{L}a {R}echerche}, numero = {303}, pages = {48--52}, ISSN = {0029-5671}, year = {1997}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010011857}, } @article{fdi:010018401, title = {{D}atation {K}-{A}r et 40{A}r/39{A}r {\`a} 65 + ou - 3{M}a des gisements d'{\'e}meraude du district de {C}hivor-{M}acanal : argument en faveur d'une d{\'e}formation pr{\'e}coce dans la {C}ordill{\`e}re orientale de {C}olombie}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}ranquet, {Y}. and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {S}anchez {M}., {A}.{J}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {A}rhan, {T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{L}a gen{\`e}se des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de {C}olombie, du district de {C}hivor-{M}arcanal, dans la {C}ordill{\`e}re orientale, est associ{\'e}e {\`a} un {\'e}pisode tectonique dat{\'e} {\`a} 65 plus ou moins 3 {M}a par {K}-{A}r et 40{A}r/39{A}r. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{ROCHE} {CRISTALLINE} ; {GISEMENT} {STRATIFORME} ; {DATATION} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {EVOLUTION} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {CRETACE} ; {TERTIAIRE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {CHIVOR}-{MACANAL} {GISEMENT}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes-{R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences. {S}{\'e}rie 2a : {S}ciences de la {T}erre et des {P}lan{\`e}tes}, volume = {324}, numero = {5}, pages = {369--377}, ISSN = {1250-8050}, year = {1997}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010018401}, } @article{fdi:010019277, title = {{A} {B}rasiliano age (500 +/- {M}a) for the mina {III} gold deposit, {C}rixas {G}reenstone belt, {C}entral {B}razil}, author = {{F}ortes {P}. de {T}arso {F}erro de {O}liveira and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{K}-{A}r and 40{A}r/39{A}r geochronological studies were performed on selected minerals from the {M}inna {III} gold deposit, {C}rixas greenstone belt, state of {G}oias, central {B}razil. {T}hey include amphibole and biotite from amphibole schists ; biotite from quartz-chlorite-carbonate-muscovite schists ; chloritoid, muscovite, and paragonite from muscovite schists ; and biotite from biotite-marbles. {A}nalyses yielded ages between 750 and 500 {M}a, indicating that the {B}rasiliano orogenic event affected rocks of the {A}rchean greenstone belt. {I}t is proposed that the gold mineralization, closely related to a post-metamorphic peak hydrothermal alteration and spatially associated with muscovite schists, is 505 +/- 10 {M}a, whereas older ages may indicate an excess of argon. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{MINERAI} {METALLIQUE} ; {OR} ; {MINE} ; {GEOCHRONOLOGIE} ; {DATATION} ; {ISOTOPE} {RADIOACTIF} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {SCHISTE} ; {AMPHIBOLE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{I}nternational {G}eology {R}eview}, volume = {39}, numero = {}, pages = {449--460}, ISSN = {0020-6814}, year = {1997}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010019277}, } @article{fdi:010007093, title = {{L}a formation des gisements d'{\'e}meraudes de {C}olombie}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {R}ueda, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG} ; {SPA}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {MODELISATION} ; {EVAPORITE} ; {PROJET} {DE} {RECHERCHE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {MODELE} {METALLOGENIQUE} ; {BERYLLIUM} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{ORSTOM} {A}ctualit{\'e}s}, numero = {50}, pages = {17--24}, ISSN = {0758-833{X}}, year = {1996}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010007093}, } @article{fdi:010007514, title = {{M}ise en {\'e}vidence d'une tectonique compressive {E}oc{\`e}ne-{O}ligoc{\`e}ne dans l'ouest de la cordill{\`e}re orientale de {C}olombie, d'apr{\`e}s la structure en duplex des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de {M}uzo et de {C}oscuez}, author = {{L}aumonier, {B}. and {B}ranquet, {Y}. and {L}opes, {B}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}ueda, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}es structures des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de l'{O}uest de la {C}ordill{\`e}re {O}rientale de {C}olombie (chevauchements, plis de rampe, duplex, failles de d{\'e}chirement) r{\'e}sultent de trois {\'e}pisodes de d{\'e}formation formant une phase de tectonique compressive, synchrone de l'hydrothermalisme {\`a} l'origine de la min{\'e}ralisation et, comme lui, datant de la limite {E}oc{\`e}ne-{O}ligoc{\`e}ne. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {EOCENE} ; {OLIGOCENE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {CHEVAUCHEMENT} ; {FAILLE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ANDES} ; {MUZO} {REGION} ; {COSCUEZ} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cademie des {S}ciences de {P}aris.{S}erie 2a : {S}ciences de la {T}erre et des {P}lan{\`e}tes}, volume = {323}, numero = {8}, pages = {705--712}, ISSN = {0764-4450}, year = {1996}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010007514}, } @incollection{fdi:010008677, title = {{E}vidences of compressive structures in the {M}uzo and {C}oscuez emerald deposits, {E}astern {C}ordillera of {C}olombia}, author = {{B}ranquet, {Y}. and {L}aumonier, {B}. and {L}opes, {B}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}ueda, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{L}es gisements d'{\'e}meraude de {M}uzo et {C}oscuez localis{\'e}s sur la bordure ouest de la {C}ordill{\`e}re orientale de {C}olombie, pr{\'e}sentent une importante tectonique en chevauchement. {P}lusieurs phases compressives de vergences diff{\'e}rentes d{\'e}veloppent ces chevauchements. {L}es datations radiom{\'e}triques sur les phases fluides associ{\'e}s {\`a} ces {\'e}v{\`e}nements compressifs fournissent un âge limite {E}oc{\`e}ne-{O}ligoc{\`e}ne. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {COMPRESSION} {TECTONIQUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {HYDROTHERMALISME} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ANDES} {EST} ; {MUZO} {REGION} ; {COSCUEZ} {REGION}}, booktitle = {{G}{\'e}odynamique andine : r{\'e}sum{\'e} {\'e}tendus = {A}ndean geodynamics : extended abstracts}, numero = {}, pages = {675--677}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{ORSTOM}}, series = {{C}olloques et {S}{\'e}minaires}, year = {1996}, ISBN = {2-7099-1332-1}, ISSN = {0767-2896}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010008677}, } @incollection{fdi:010008679, title = {{T}he role of organic matter in high temperature hydrothermal regimes}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}rance-{L}anord, {C}. and {R}ueda, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{L}'{\'e}tude des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de {C}olombie, qui sont encaiss{\'e}s dans les schistes noirs riches en mati{\`e}re organique du {C}r{\'e}tac{\'e} inf{\'e}rieur de la {C}ordill{\`e}re orientale, nous a permis de pr{\'e}ciser le r{\^o}le jou{\'e} par la mati{\`e}re organique dans un syst{\`e}me hydrothermal {\`a} haute temp{\'e}rature (300°{C}). {E}lle permet le d{\'e}veloppement de r{\'e}actions de thermor{\'e}duction de sulfates ({TRS}) qui provoquent la pr{\'e}cipitation de pyrite, carbonate et bitume hydrothermaux. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {MATIERE} {ORGANIQUE} ; {SEDIMENTOLOGIE} ; {CRETACE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {ANDES} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {{G}{\'e}odynamique andine : r{\'e}sum{\'e} {\'e}tendus = {A}ndean geodynamics : extended abstracts}, numero = {}, pages = {683--686}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{ORSTOM}}, series = {{C}olloques et {S}{\'e}minaires}, year = {1996}, ISBN = {2-7099-1332-1}, ISSN = {0767-2896}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010008679}, } @article{fdi:42470, title = {{A}n evaporitic origin of the parent brines of {C}olombian emeralds : fluid inclusion and sulphur isotope evidence}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {A}rboleda, {C}. and {C}arrillo, {V}. and {R}ueda, {F}. and {B}aker, {J}.{H}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {MICROSCOPIE} {ELECTRONIQUE} {A} {BALAYAGE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}uropean {J}ournal of {M}ineralogy}, volume = {7}, numero = {1}, pages = {151--165}, ISSN = {0935-1221}, year = {1995}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:42470}, } @article{fdi:43156, title = {{L}es phases fluides associ{\'e}es aux corps sulfur{\'e}s du gisement d'or {M}ina 3, ceinture de roches vertes de {C}rixas, {E}tat de {G}oias, {B}r{\'e}sil}, author = {{T}arso {F}erro de {O}liveira {F}ortes, {P}. de and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG} ; {FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences de {P}aris.{S}{\'e}rie 2a : {S}ciences de la {T}erre et des {P}lan{\`e}tes}, volume = {320}, numero = {}, pages = {1171--1178}, ISSN = {1250-8050}, year = {1995}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:43156}, } @article{fdi:41481, title = {{M}ultistage gold deposition in the {A}rchaean {M}aria {L}azara gold deposit ({G}oias, {B}razil)}, author = {{M}ichel, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {P}ulz, {G}.{M}. and {J}ost, {H}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {M}aria {L}azara gold deposit in the {A}rchaean {G}uarinos greenstone belt, central {B}razil, consists of quartz-carbonate veins formed in a ductile shear zone. {S}tudy of the sulphides and gold-bearing quartz-carbonate veins and veinlets of the potassic hydrothermal alteration zone reveals two stages of ore paragenesis. {T}he first stage corresponds to {S}-rich arsenopyrite deposition and the second one to the precipitation of {A}s-rich arsenopyrite and {B}i-{T}e-{A}u-{S} phases. {M}odes of occurrence, textures and {A}g contents of native gold define two types of gold. {T}he first type is native gold with {A}g contents greater than 5 wt % postdating the {S}-rich arsenopyrites. {T}he second type has {A}g contents less than 3 wt % and is contemporaneous with {B}i-{T}e-{S} phases. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {MARIA} {LAZARA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, numero = {29}, pages = {94--97}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1994}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41481}, } @article{fdi:41482, title = {{K}-{A}r and 40{A}r/39{A}r evidence for a transamazonian age (2030-1970 {M}a) for the granites and emerald-bearing {K}-metasomatites from {C}ampo {F}ormoso and {C}arnaiba ({B}ahia, {B}razil)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {M}ontigny, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {PETROLOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} {REGION} ; {CARNAIBA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {S}outh {A}merican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {7}, numero = {2}, pages = {149--165}, ISSN = {0895-9811}, year = {1994}, DOI = {10.1016/0895-9811(94)90005-1}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41482}, } @article{fdi:41485, title = {{A}s growth banding and the presence of {A}u in pyrites from the {S}anta {R}ita gold vein deposit hosted in proterozoic metasediments, {G}oias state, {B}razil}, author = {{M}ichel, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}ibeiro {O}livo, {G}. and {J}oao {M}arini, {O}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {SANTA} {RITA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}conomic {G}eology}, volume = {89}, numero = {}, pages = {193--200}, ISSN = {0361-0128}, year = {1994}, DOI = {10.2113/gsecongeo.89.1.193}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41485}, } @article{fdi:41486, title = {{T}ime-pressure and temperature constraints on the formation of {C}olombian emeralds : an 40{A}r/39{A}r laser microprobe and fluid inclusion study}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}odriguez, {C}.{T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {COSCUEZ} {REGION} ; {QUIPAMA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}conomic {G}eology}, volume = {89}, numero = {}, pages = {361--380}, ISSN = {0361-0128}, year = {1994}, DOI = {10.2113/gsecongeo.89.2.361}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41486}, } @inproceedings{fdi:41483, title = {{I}nclusoes fluidas associadas aos veios de quartzo auriferos de {C}osta {S}ena e {D}iamantina - {MG}}, author = {{R}onchi, {L}.{H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}ampolin {F}oga{\c{c}}a, {A}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {QUARTZ} ; {OR} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {BRESIL} ; {MATO} {GROSSO} ; {COSTA} {SENA} {REGION} ; {DIAMANTINA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {648}, booktitle = {{B}oletim de resumos expandidos do 38o congresso brasileiro de geologia}, year = {1994}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41483}, } @inproceedings{fdi:41484, title = {{A}ltera{\c{c}}ao hidrothermal dos skarns da mina {B}rejui, {C}urrais {N}ovos ({RN})}, author = {{S}alim, {J}. and {V}erkaeren, {J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{SKARN} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {BRESIL} ; {CURRAIS} {NOVOS} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {278--280}, booktitle = {{M}etalogenese e recursos minerais}, year = {1994}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41484}, } @inproceedings{fdi:41487, title = {{A}ge and sulphur isotope signatures of {B}razilian and {C}olombian emeralds}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {C}arrillo, {V}. and {R}ueda, {F}.{O}. and {B}aker, {J}. and {M}ontigny, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {SULFURE} ; {ISOTOPE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COMPOSITION} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {COLOMBIE}}, numero = {}, pages = {1491--1495}, booktitle = {{S}eptimo congreso geologico chileno}, year = {1994}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41487}, } @inproceedings{fdi:41488, title = {{T}he formation of the emerald deposits of {C}olombia : an example of basinal fluids migration within the {E}astern {C}ordillera of {C}olombia}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}arrillo, {V}. and {R}ueda, {F}.{O}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, numero = {}, pages = {26--27}, booktitle = {{Q}uinta conferencia bienal panamericana en investigacion sobre inclusiones fluidas = {F}ifth biennial pan-american conference on research on fluid inclusions}, year = {1994}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41488}, } @article{fdi:40533, title = {{E}merald dating through 40{A}r/39{A}r step-heating and laser spot analysis of syngenetic phlogopite}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}uffet, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {ARGON} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{E}arth and {P}lanetary {S}cience {L}etters}, numero = {120}, pages = {473--485}, ISSN = {0012-821{X}}, year = {1993}, DOI = {10.1016/0012-821{X}(93)90258-{B}}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40533}, } @article{fdi:40560, title = {{E}vaporitic origin of the parent brines of {C}olombian emeralds : fluid inclusion and sulphur isotopic evidences}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {B}aker, {J}. and {A}rhan, {T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {{T}welfth biennial symposium of the {E}uropean {C}urrent {R}esearch on {F}luid {I}nclusions}, journal = {{A}rchiwum {M}ineralogiczne}, volume = {49}, numero = {1}, pages = {82--84}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40560}, } @article{fdi:40561, title = {{T}he {S}anta {R}ita gold deposit in the proterozoic {P}aranoa group, {G}oias, {B}razil : an example of fluid mixing during ore deposition}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}livo, {G}.{R}. and {M}arini, {O}.{J}. and {M}ichel, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {RESULTAT} {ANALYTIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {SANTA} {RITA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{O}re {G}eology {R}eviews}, numero = {8}, pages = {503--523}, ISSN = {0169-1368}, year = {1993}, DOI = {10.1016/0169-1368(93)90042-{W}}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40561}, } @article{fdi:40564, title = {{E}videncias mineralogicas e estruturais da percola{\c{c}}ao episodica de fluidos hidrotermais no deposito aurifero {M}aria {L}azara, {G}oias}, author = {{P}ulz, {G}.{M}. and {J}ost, {H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}ichel, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {MARIA} {LAZARA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{A}nales de l'{A}cademie {B}rasileira de {C}iencias}, volume = {65}, numero = {1}, pages = {19--28}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40564}, } @incollection{fdi:38474, title = {{L}ate eocene-oligocene shortening episode in {E}astern cordillera of {C}olombia viewed by emerald dating}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {A}rhan, {T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {TECTONIQUE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} {EST} ; {ANDES}}, booktitle = {{G}{\'e}odynamique andine : r{\'e}sum{\'e}s {\'e}tendus = {A}ndean geodynamics : extended abstracts = {G}eodinamica andina : resumenes expandidos}, numero = {}, pages = {473--476}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{ORSTOM}}, series = {{C}olloques et {S}{\'e}minaires}, year = {1993}, ISBN = {2-7099-1154-{X}}, ISSN = {0767-2896}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:38474}, } @incollection{fdi:40563, title = {{G}eochemistry and origin of the emerald deposits of {C}olombia}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {S}heppard, {S}.{M}.{F}. and {A}rboleda, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {{C}urrent research in geology applied to ore deposits}, numero = {}, pages = {105--108}, address = {s.l.}, publisher = {s.n.}, series = {}, year = {1993}, ISBN = {84-338-1772-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40563}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40542, title = {{C}hemical composition of fluid inclusions in {C}olombian emerald deposits}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, numero = {}, pages = {159--168}, booktitle = {{P}roceedings of the eighth quadrennial {IAGOD} symposium}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40542}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40557, title = {{C}aracteriza{\c{c}}ao quimica da arsenopirita e do ouro nos corpos de minerio do deposito aurifero {M}ina 3, {C}rixas, {G}oias}, author = {{T}arso {F}erro de {O}liveira {F}ortes, {P}. de and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {161--163}, booktitle = {{C}ongresso brasileiro de geoquimica}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40557}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40558, title = {{A}valia{\c{c}}ao de resultados de analise de rochas graniticas, realizadas pelo laboratorio de geoquimica da {U}n{B}, usando espectrometria de plasma ({ICP})}, author = {{B}oaventura, {G}.{R}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {BRESIL}}, numero = {}, pages = {281--282}, booktitle = {{C}ongresso brasileiro de geoquimica}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40558}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40559, title = {{E}studo de inclusoes fluidas em corpos de minerio (sulfeto maci{\c{c}}o e veio de quartzo) do deposito aurifero {M}ina 3, {C}rixas, {G}oias}, author = {{T}arso {F}erro de {O}liveira {F}ortes, {P}. de and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ALTERATION} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {154--156}, booktitle = {{C}ongresso brasileiro de geoquimica}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40559}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40562, title = {{P}etrogenesis and {M}o, {U} mineralizations in early proterozoic charnockites and granites from the {I}taberaba district ({B}ahia, {B}razil)}, author = {{A}. {F}ernandes, {P}. {C}. d' and {M}c{R}eath, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {DIFFERENTIATION} {MAGMATIQUE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {CHARNOCKITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {ITABERABA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {62--65}, booktitle = {{M}agmatismo granitico e mineraliza{\c{c}}oes associadas : resumos expandidos, roteiro de excursao, programa}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40562}, } @inproceedings{fdi:40565, title = {{E}merald dating through 40{A}r/39{A}r step heating and laser spot analysis}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {METHODOLOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {ARGON} ; {BRESIL} ; {COLOMBIE}}, numero = {}, pages = {386}, booktitle = {{S}eventh meeting of the {E}uropean {U}nion of {G}eosciences}, year = {1993}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:40565}, } @article{fdi:35420, title = {{C}ontribution de l'{\'e}tude des phases fluides et de la g{\'e}ochimie isotopique 18{O}/16{O}, 13{C}/12{C} {\`a} la gen{\`e}se des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de la {C}ordill{\`e}re orientale de la {C}olombie}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}heppard, {S}.{M}.{F}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {R}odriguez, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE} ; {ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ISOTOPE} ; {OXYGENE} ; {CARBONE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {CORDILLERE} {ORIENTALE} ; {ANDES}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences.{S}{\'e}rie 2 : {M}{\'e}canique...}, volume = {314}, numero = {3}, pages = {269--274}, ISSN = {0249-6305}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:35420}, } @article{fdi:37557, title = {{E}studo preliminar dos fluidos associados aos corpos de sulfeto maci{\c{c}}o do deposito aurifero {M}ina 3, {C}rixas, {G}o}, author = {{T}arso {F}erro de {O}liveira {F}ortes, {P}. de and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{B}oletim - {S}ociedade {B}rasileira de {G}eologia, {N}ucleo {C}entro-{O}este}, numero = {15}, pages = {99--109}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:37557}, } @article{fdi:41489, title = {{C}aracteriza{\c{c}}ao fisico-quimica dos fluidos associados aos veios de quartzo auriferos de {C}osta {S}ena - {MG}}, author = {{R}onchi, {L}.{H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}eny, {C}. and {F}oga{\c{c}}a, {A}.{C}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {QUARTZ} ; {OR} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METHODE} {D}'{ANALYSE} ; {RESULTAT} {ANALYTIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {MATO} {GROSSO} ; {COSTA} {SENA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{R}evista {B}rasileira de {G}eociencias}, volume = {22}, numero = {2}, pages = {129--138}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:41489}, } @inproceedings{fdi:37554, title = {{M}etamorfismo de alto grau e anatexia no limite norte do nucleo de {J}equi{\'e}, {I}taberaba, {B}ahia}, author = {{A}vila {F}ernandes, {P}.{C}. d' and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}ac {R}eath, {I}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEODYNAMIQUE} ; {METAMORPHISME} {REGIONAL} ; {ANATEXIE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {ITABERABA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {101--104}, booktitle = {{P}rimeiro simposio regional de geologia {B}ahia-{S}ergipe}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:37554}, } @inproceedings{fdi:37555, title = {{O} distrito urano-molibdenifero transamazonico de {I}taberaba, {B}ahia}, author = {{A}vila {F}ernandes, {P}.{C}. d' and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}ac {R}eath, {I}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {MOLYBDENE} ; {URANIUM} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {ITABERABA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {141--143}, booktitle = {{P}rimero simposio regional de geologia {B}ahia-{S}ergipe}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:37555}, } @inproceedings{fdi:37556, title = {{O} macico transamazonico de {P}edra d'{A}gua ({I}taberaba, {B}ahia) : um charnockito peraluminoso de fonte crustal}, author = {{A}vila {F}ernandes, {P}.{C}. d' and {M}ac {R}eath, {I}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {DIFFERENTIATION} {MAGMATIQUE} ; {CHARNOCKITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {ITABERABA} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {155--159}, booktitle = {{P}rimero simposio regional de geologia {B}ahia-{S}ergipe}, year = {1992}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:37556}, } @article{fdi:34841, title = {{F}luid inclusion constraints on the origin of {F}adenza {B}rasileiro {G}old {M}ine}, author = {{C}oelho, {C}.{E}.{S}. and {R}amboz, {C}. and {B}eny, {C}. and {T}ouray, {J}.{C}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {QUARTZ} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {FAZENDA} {BRASILEIRO}}, booktitle = {{EUG} 6 : sixth meeting of the {E}uropean {U}nion of {G}eosciences}, journal = {{T}erra {A}bstracts}, volume = {3}, numero = {1}, pages = {192}, ISSN = {0954-4887}, year = {1991}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34841}, } @article{fdi:34842, title = {{C}omparison of {K}-{A}r and 39{A}r-40{A}r on granites and on emerald-bearing metasomatites from {C}ampo {F}ormoso and {C}arna{\¨ie}ba, {B}ahia, {B}razil}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {M}ontigny, {R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} ; {CARNAIBA}}, booktitle = {{EUG} 6 : sixth meeting of the {E}uropean {U}nion of {G}eosciences}, journal = {{T}erra {A}bstracts}, volume = {3}, numero = {1}, pages = {500}, ISSN = {0954-4887}, year = {1991}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34842}, } @article{fdi:34844, title = {{H}2{O}-{N}a{C}l-{C}a{C}l2-bearing fluids in emeralds from the {V}ega {S}an {J}uan mine, {G}achala district, {C}olombia}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {R}odriguez, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {SALINITE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {GACHALA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {{ECROFI} 11 : {E}uropean current research on fluid inclusions}, journal = {{P}linius}, numero = {5}, pages = {90}, ISSN = {1120-317{X}}, year = {1991}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34844}, } @article{fdi:34845, title = {{CO}2-{N}2-hypersaline-bearing fluids associated to the {S}anta {R}ita hydrothermal gold occurences, {P}aranoa group ({G}oias-{B}razil)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {O}livo, {G}.{R}. and {M}arini, {J}.{O}. and {D}ubessy, {J}. and {M}ichel, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {SANTA} {RITA}}, booktitle = {{ECROFI} 11 : {E}uropean current research on fluid inclusions}, journal = {{P}linius}, numero = {5}, pages = {91--92}, ISSN = {1120-317{X}}, year = {1991}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34845}, } @article{fdi:34846, title = {{P}hysico-chemical evolution of the fluids associated to the {C}osta {S}ena gold quartz veins ({MG}-{B}razil)}, author = {{R}onchi, {L}.{H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}eny, {C}. and {F}oga{\c{c}}a, {A}.{C}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {QUARTZ} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {MINAS} {GERAIS} ; {COSTA} {SENA}}, booktitle = {{ECROFI} 11 : {E}uropean current research on fluid inclusions}, journal = {{P}linius}, numero = {5}, pages = {185--186}, ISSN = {1120-317{X}}, year = {1991}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34846}, } @incollection{fdi:34847, title = {{H}ydrothermal gold occurrences hosted by middle to upper proterozoic carbonate sequence : the example of {S}anta {R}ita prospect, {G}oias, {B}razil}, author = {{O}livo, {G}.{R}. and {M}arini, {O}.{J}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {CALCAIRE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {SANTA} {RITA}}, booktitle = {{B}razil gold' 91 : the economics geology geochemistry and genesis of gold deposits}, numero = {}, pages = {339--341}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-6191-195-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34847}, } @incollection{fdi:34848, title = {{T}he {A}rchean {M}aria {L}azara gold deposits, {G}oias, {B}razil : example of {A}u-{B}i-{T}e-{S} metallogeny related to shear zones intruded by synkinematic granitoids}, author = {{P}ulz, {G}.{M}. and {J}ost, {H}. and {M}ichel, {D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {CRIXAS} {REGION} ; {MARIA} {LAZARA}}, booktitle = {{B}razil gold' 91 : the economics geology geochemistry and genesis of gold deposits}, numero = {}, pages = {385--387}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-6191-195-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34848}, } @incollection{fdi:34849, title = {{T}he {C}umaru mesothermal granodiorite-hosted gold mineralization, {A}mazon craton, {B}razil}, author = {{L}eonardos, {O}.{H}. and {S}antos, {M}.{D}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {A}rujo, {L}.{R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GRANITOIDE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {BRESIL} ; {PARA} ; {AMAZONIE} ; {REDENCAO} {REGION}}, booktitle = {{B}razil gold' 91 : the economics geology geochemistry and genesis of gold deposits}, numero = {}, pages = {557--562}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-6191-195-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34849}, } @incollection{fdi:34850, title = {{T}he gold quartz vein of {P}ontal, {T}ocantins, {B}razil}, author = {{M}artins dos {S}antos, {M}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {T}ouray, {J}.{C}. and {D}ardenne, {M}.{A}. and {G}uilhaumou, {N}. and {B}eny, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {QUARTZ} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {BRESIL} ; {TOCANTINS}}, booktitle = {{B}razil gold' 91 : the economics geology geochemistry and genesis of gold deposits}, numero = {}, pages = {585--591}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-6191-195-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34850}, } @incollection{fdi:43437, title = {{C}ontrasting archean-proterozoic-hosted gold deposit types and associated gold-bearing fluids}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {F}ortes, {P}.{T}. and {N}ilson, {A}.{A}. and {D}ardenne, {M}.{A}. and {O}livo, {G}.{R}. and {R}onchi, {L}.{H}. and {S}antos, {M}.{M}. and {M}arini, {O}.{J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {VARIATION} {SPATIALE} ; {BRESIL}}, booktitle = {{S}ource, transport and deposition of metals}, numero = {}, pages = {665--668}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-5410-020-6}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:43437}, } @incollection{fdi:43441, title = {40{A}r/39{A}r laser-probe dating of the {C}olombian emerald deposits : metallogenic implications}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {F}{\'e}raud, {G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}odriguez, {C}.{T}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, booktitle = {{S}ource, transport and deposition of metals}, numero = {}, pages = {373--376}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-5410-020-6}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:43441}, } @incollection{fdi:43442, title = {{M}aria {L}azara gold deposit ({G}oias {S}tate, {B}razil) : an example of intense fluid/rock interaction associated with a triple point structure}, author = {{P}ulz, {G}.{M}. and {J}ost, {H}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {M}ichel, {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {OR} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {MARIA} {LAZARA} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, numero = {}, pages = {117--118}, address = {{R}otterdam}, publisher = {{B}alkema}, series = {}, year = {1991}, ISBN = {90-5410-020-6}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:43442}, } @article{fdi:30936, title = {{Q}uartz fabrics and fluid inclusions volatiles at {F}azenda {B}rasileiro gold mine : a preliminary petrographical and {R}aman microprobe study}, author = {{C}oelho, {C}.{E}.{S}. and {T}ouray, {J}.{C}. and {B}eny, {C}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} {RAMAN} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {FAZENDA} {BRASILEIRO}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{B}ulletin de {L}iaison de la {S}oci{\'e}t{\'e} {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {M}in{\'e}ralogie et de {C}ristallographie}, volume = {2}, numero = {1}, pages = {23}, ISSN = {0999-5870}, year = {1990}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:30936}, } @article{fdi:34825, title = {{O}rigin of emerals deposits of {B}razil}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}ilva, {L}.{J}.{H}.{D}. and {C}outo, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BRESIL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, numero = {25}, pages = {57--64}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1990}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34825}, } @article{fdi:34826, title = {{L}es gisements d'{\'e}meraude de la {C}ordill{\`e}re {O}rientale de la {C}olombie : nouvelles donn{\'e}es m{\'e}tallog{\'e}niques}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {R}odriguez, {C}.{T}. and {R}ueda, {F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {ANDES}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {25}, numero = {}, pages = {105--111}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1990}, DOI = {10.1007/{BF}00208852}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:34826}, } @article{fdi:36173, title = {{T}he emplacement, geochemistry and petrogenesis of two central {M}orocco {H}ercynian granites : geotectonic implications}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {Z}immermann, {J}.{L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {PALEOZOIQUE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {MAROC} ; {AOUAM} {DJEBEL} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{J}ournal of {A}frican {E}arth {S}ciences}, volume = {9}, numero = {3-4}, pages = {617--629}, ISSN = {0899-5362}, year = {1990}, DOI = {10.1016/0899-5362(89)90046-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:36173}, } @incollection{fdi:30970, title = {{C}omparaison des âges {K}-{A}r des granites et des m{\'e}tasomatites {\`a} {\'e}meraudes de {C}ampo {F}ormoso et de {C}arnaiba ({B}ahia, {B}r{\'e}sil)}, author = {{Z}immermann, {J}.{L}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {DATATION} {ABSOLUE} ; {K}/{AR} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ARGON} ; {RB}/{SR} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} ; {CARNAIBA}}, booktitle = {13{\`e} {R}{\'e}union des {S}ciences de la {T}erre}, numero = {}, pages = {127}, address = {{P}aris}, publisher = {{S}oci{\'e}t{\'e} {G}{\'e}ologique de {F}rance}, series = {}, year = {1990}, ISBN = {2-85363-053-6}, ISSN = {0249-7557}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:30970}, } @inproceedings{fdi:35403, title = {{P}adrao de terras raras dos granitoides de arturlandia e {Q}uebra {R}abicho (regiao de {P}irenopolis-{G}oianesia, {G}oias) : rela{\c{c}}oes com a provincia estanifera de {G}oias}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {A}raujo {F}ilho, {O}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITOIDE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {TERRES} {RARES} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {BRESIL} ; {ARTURLANDIA} ; {QUEBRA} {RABICHO}}, numero = {}, pages = {115}, booktitle = {36 congresso brasileiro d geologia : boletim de resumos}, year = {1990}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:35403}, } @inproceedings{fdi:35404, title = {{G}enese das jazidas de {E}smeralda da {C}olombia do {B}rasil}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletx, {A}. and {T}riana {R}odriguez, {C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {COLOMBIE} ; {BRESIL}}, numero = {}, pages = {130}, booktitle = {36 congresso brasileiro d geologia : boletim de resumos}, year = {1990}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:35404}, } @article{fdi:30935, title = {{T}he metamorphogenic pontal gold deposit, {G}oias, {B}razil : fluid evolution from mineralogical and fluid inclusion studies}, author = {{S}antos, {M}.{M}. and {D}ardenne, {M}.{A}. and {G}uilhaumou, {N}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {B}eny, {C}. and {T}ouray, {J}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{OR} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {GISEMENT} {METAMORPHOGENETIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {GOIAS} ; {BREJINHO} {DE} {NAZARE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{T}erra {A}bstracts}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {27}, ISSN = {0954-4887}, year = {1989}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:30935}, } @article{fdi:26214, title = {{F}luid inclusion study of {X}ihuashan tungsten deposit in the southern {J}iangxi province, {C}hina}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {L}i, {Y}.{D}. and {S}heng, {T}.{F}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{E}tude des inclusions fluides des filons de quartz du gisement de tungst{\`e}ne de {X}ihuashan ({P}rovince du {J}iangxi, {C}hine) par microthermom{\'e}trie et spectrom{\'e}trie {R}aman. {L}es donn{\'e}es obtenues permettent de retracer l'{\'e}volution hydrothermale du d{\'e}p{\^o}t des min{\'e}ralisations}, keywords = {{QUARTZ} ; {GAZ} {CARBONIQUE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {CARACTERISTIQUE} {PHYSIQUE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {GRANITE} {JURASSIQUE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {PHASE} {PLUIDE} ; {HYDROTHERMALISME} ; {CHINE} ; {XIHUASHAN} ; {JIANGXI} {PROVINCE}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {23}, numero = {}, pages = {24--33}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1988}, DOI = {10.1007/{BF}00204224}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26214}, } @techreport{fdi:43456, title = {{R}apport pr{\'e}liminaire des activit{\'e}s scientifiques r{\'e}alis{\'e}es dans le cadre de l'{\'e}tude des gisements d'{\'e}meraude de la cordill{\`e}re orientale de la {C}olombie : mission du 1 au 25 octobre 1988}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {EPIGENESE} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {PARAGENESE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {COLOMBIE}}, address = {{B}rasilia}, publisher = {{ORSTOM}}, series = {}, pages = {50 multigr.}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:43456}, } @incollection{fdi:30040, title = {{L}es skarns tungstif{\`e}res stratiformes du {D}jebel {A}ouam ({M}aroc {C}entral) : mod{\`e}le de d{\'e}veloppement m{\'e}tasomatique en deux {\'e}tapes}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}es min{\'e}ralisations ruban{\'e}es stratiformes {\`a} scheelite-biotite du district polym{\'e}tallique du {D}jebel {A}ouam ({M}aroc {C}entral) sont interpr{\'e}t{\'e}es comme le r{\'e}sultat de la formation de skarns par un m{\'e}canisme {\`a} deux {\'e}tapes. {L}e mod{\`e}le g{\'e}n{\'e}tique pr{\'e}sent{\'e} a permis la mise au point d'un sch{\'e}ma de prospection tactique de la min{\'e}ralisation du tungst{\`e}ne}, keywords = {{SKARN} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {AOUAM} {DJEBEL}}, booktitle = {{G}issements m{\'e}tallif{\`e}res dans leur contexte g{\'e}ologique}, volume = {1}, numero = {158}, pages = {151--173}, address = {{O}rl{\'e}ans}, publisher = {{BRGM}}, series = {{D}ocuments du {BRGM}}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:30040}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26736, title = {{E}merald deposits of {B}razil and its genetic link with infiltrational metasomatic processes}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}outo, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {GRANITOIDE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BERYL} ; {PEGMATITE} ; {PHLOGOPITITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {SOCOTO} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} {DE} {GOIAS} ; {ITABIRA}}, numero = {}, pages = {236--246}, booktitle = {{G}eochemical evolution of the continental crust}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26736}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26737, title = {{O}s berilos verdes da regiâo de {C}oqui, minicipio de {Q}uixeramobim novas ocorrencias de esmeraldas no estado do {C}earâ}, author = {{C}astelo {B}ranco, {R}.{M}.{G}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {C}lementelle, {L}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BERYL} ; {PEGMATITE} ; {ANFIBOLITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {COQUI} ; {QUIXERAMOBIM}}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {383--397}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 35 congresso brasileiro de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26737}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26738, title = {{C}ontrole estrutural da jazida de esmeraldas da {S}anta {T}erezinha da {G}oias : implica{\c{c}}{\^o}es na genese, tect{\^o}nica regional e no planejamento da lavra}, author = {{E}l-{R}ey {S}ilva, {L}.{J}. d' and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITE} ; {GENESE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {GEOLOGIE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BERYL} ; {PHLOGOPITITE} ; {CONTROLE} {TECTONIQUE} ; {BRESIL} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} {DE} {GOIAS}}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {413--427}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 35 congresso brasileiro de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26738}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26739, title = {{G}eoquimica de alguns granitoides da {F}aixa de {D}obramentos {S}ergipana}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}os {S}antos, {R}.{A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITOIDE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {ANALYSE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {TERRES} {RARES} ; {DIFFERENCIATION} {MAGMATIQUE} ; {MAGMATISME} {CALCOALCALIN} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {SERGIPE} ; {SERGIPANA} {ZONE} {DE} {PLISSEMENTS}}, volume = {3}, numero = {}, pages = {1037--1052}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 35 congresso brasileiro de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26739}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26740, title = {{T}he {A}rchean and {P}roterozoic molybdenum mineralizations of the {B}ahia state, {B}razil : metallogenetic implications}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {D}'{A}vila {F}ernand{\'e}s, {P}.{C}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MOLYBDENE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GITE} ; {GRANITE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {MOLYBDENITE} ; {PEGMATITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {ITABERABA}}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {230--242}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 7 congresso {L}atino-{A}mericano de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26740}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26741, title = {{S}canning electron microscopy ({SEM}) and its applications : determination of solid and daughter minerals in fluid inclusions from some {B}razilian emerald deposits}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {W}eisbrod, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {MICROSCOPIE} {ELECTRONIQUE} {A} {BALAYAGE} ; {GRANITOIDE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BERYL} ; {PEGMATITE} ; {INCLUSION} ; {BRESIL} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {SOCOTO} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} {DE} {GOIAS} ; {ITABERAI}}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {445--458}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 7 congresso {L}atino-{A}mericano de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26741}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26742, title = {{O} metassomatismo de infiltra{\c{c}}âo e sua importancia nos depositos de esmeralda do {B}rasil}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}outo, {P}.}, editor = {}, language = {{POR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GITE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {PRECAMBRIEN} ; {GRANITOIDE} ; {EMERAUDE} ; {BERYL} ; {PEGMATITE} ; {PHLOGOPITITE} ; {BRESIL} ; {CARNAIBA} ; {SOCOTO} ; {ITABIRA} ; {SANTA} {TEREZINHA} {DE} {GOIAS}}, volume = {1}, numero = {}, pages = {459--475}, booktitle = {{A}nais do 7 congresso {L}atino-{A}mericano de geologia}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26742}, } @inproceedings{fdi:30091, title = {{E}pigenesis versus syngenesis : a contribution to the debate based on the stratiform tungsten skarn mineralizations of {D}jebel {A}ouam, central {M}orocco}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}r{\'e}sentation du gisement stratiforme {\`a} scheelite-biotite du djebel {A}ouam ({M}aroc centre) et interpr{\'e}tation des processus ayant d{\'e}termin{\'e} la min{\'e}ralisation}, keywords = {{GISEMENT} {STRATIFORME} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {SKARN} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METAMORPHISME} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {PETROGENESE} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {AOUAM} {DJEBEL}}, numero = {}, pages = {339--347}, booktitle = {{P}roceedings of the seventh quadriennal {IAGOD} symposium}, year = {1988}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:30091}, } @article{fdi:23889, title = {{L}es phlogopitites {\`a} {\'e}meraude au voisinage des granites de {C}ampo {F}ormoso et {C}arnaiba ({B}ahia, {B}r{\'e}sil) : un exemple de min{\'e}ralisation prot{\'e}rozo{\¨ie}que {\`a} {B}e, {M}o et {W} dans des ultrabasites m{\'e}tasomatis{\'e}es}, author = {{R}udowski, {L}uc and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}abat{\'e}, {P}ierre}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALISATION} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {BERYL} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} ; {CARNAIBA}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences.{S}{\'e}rie 2 : {M}{\'e}canique...}, volume = {304}, numero = {18}, pages = {1129--1134}, ISSN = {0249-6305}, year = {1987}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23889}, } @article{fdi:26212, title = {{B}ehaviour of {REE} during thermal metamorphism and hydrothermal infiltration associated with skarn and vein-type tyngstene ore bodies in {C}entral {M}orocco}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}. and {M}echiche, {M}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{C}et article pr{\'e}sente une {\'e}tude g{\'e}ochimique des terres rares de roches et de minerai du gisement du tungst{\`e}ne du djebel {A}ouam ({M}aroc central). {L}a distribution des lanthanides dans les roches s{\'e}dimentaires ne subit aucune modification importante au cours du m{\'e}thamorphisme thermal. {P}ar contre, les roches affect{\'e}es par le m{\'e}thamorphisme hydrothermal pr{\'e}sentent d'importantes variations dans la composition en lanthanides. {L}'analyse de la distribution des terres rares montre que les fluides min{\'e}ralisateurs d{\'e}rivent probablement d'intrusions acides et sp{\'e}cialis{\'e}es}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {TERRES} {RARES} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {METAMORPHISME} {HYDROTHERMAL} ; {GRANITE} {HERCYNIEN} ; {FLUIDE} {MINERALISATEUR} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {AOUAM} {DJEBEL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology}, volume = {64}, numero = {}, pages = {279--294}, ISSN = {0009-2541}, year = {1987}, DOI = {10.1016/0009-2541(87)90008-8}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26212}, } @article{fdi:26213, title = {{L}a cassit{\'e}rite zon{\'e}e du gisement de {S}okhret {A}llal (granite des {Z}a{\¨e}r ; {M}aroc central) : composition chimique et phases fluides associ{\'e}es}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {{L}a composition chimique d'une cassit{\'e}rite zon{\'e}e provenant du gisement de tungst{\`e}ne-{\'e}tain de {S}okhret {A}llal ({M}aroc central) a {\'e}t{\'e} analys{\'e}e par microsonde {\'e}lectronique. {L}a zonation optique du min{\'e}ral correspond {\`a} des variations en {\'e}l{\'e}ments mineurs tels {F}e et {T}i. {L}es inclusions fluides contemporaines du d{\'e}p{\^o}t de la cassit{\'e}rite sont primaires et constitu{\'e}es de fluides typiquement aqueux appartenant au syst{\`e}me {H}2{O}-{N}a{C}l. {L}a contribution de ces nouvelles donn{\'e}es dans la m{\'e}tallogen{\`e}se {W}-{S}n du {M}aroc central est discut{\'e}e}, keywords = {{MINERALOGIE} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {ETAIN} ; {GRANITE} {HERCYNIEN} ; {CASSITERITE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {ZONATION} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {SOKHRET} {ALLAL} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {22}, numero = {}, pages = {253--261}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1987}, DOI = {10.1007/{BF}00204517}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26213}, } @inproceedings{fdi:23902, title = {{F}luid inclusion study from {X}ihuashan tungsten deposit in the {S}outh-{J}iangxi province ({C}hina)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{QUARTZ} ; {COMPOSITION} {CHIMIQUE} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {INCLUSION} {FLUIDE} ; {CONDITION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {SPECTROMETRIE} {RAMAN} ; {MICROTHERMOMETRIE} ; {CHINE} ; {JIANGXI} {PROVINCE} ; {DAYU}}, numero = {}, pages = {235--239}, booktitle = {}, year = {1987}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23902}, } @inproceedings{fdi:23903, title = {{T}he proterozoic granite massifs of {C}ampo {F}ormoso}, author = {{R}udowski, {L}uc and {G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}abat{\'e}, {P}ierre}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{MINERALISATION} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {PLUTONISME} ; {CONDITION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} ; {CAMPO} {FORMOSO} ; {CARNAIBA}}, numero = {}, pages = {253--257}, booktitle = {}, year = {1987}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23903}, } @inproceedings{fdi:23904, title = {{P}lutonic associations of {N}orth-{E}ast, {B}ahia}, author = {{S}abat{\'e}, {P}ierre and {M}ac {R}eath, {I}an and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{D}ans le but d'illustrer une excursion g{\'e}ologique, les auteurs d{\'e}crivent les associations plutoniques du nord-est de l'{E}tat de {B}ahia. {I}ls abordent le cadre g{\'e}ologique r{\'e}gional et ils pr{\'e}sentent les caract{\'e}ristiques p{\'e}trologiques et structurales {\`a} l'{\'e}chelle des nombreux affleurements.}, keywords = {{PETROGRAPHIE} ; {CRATON} ; {MIGMATITE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {CHAINE} {GEOSYNCLINALE} ; {INTRUSION} ; {METASOMATISME} ; {PLUTONISME} ; {OROGENIE} {TRANSMAZONIENNE} ; {OROGENIE} {BRESILIENNE} ; {BRESIL} ; {BAHIA} {ETAT}}, numero = {}, pages = {91--122}, booktitle = {}, year = {1987}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23904}, } @inproceedings{fdi:32054, title = {{C}aract{\'e}ristiques g{\'e}ochimiques du pluton zon{\'e} des {Z}a{\¨e}r et des stocks granitiques du {D}jebel {A}ouam, {M}aroc central : mod{\`e}le p{\'e}trog{\'e}n{\'e}tique}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {C}heilletz, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FR}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITOIDE} ; {PETROGRAPHIE} ; {MINERALOGIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {DIFFERENCIATION} {MAGMATIQUE} ; {METALLOGENIE} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {REGION} ; {DJEBEL} {AOUAM} {REGION}}, numero = {}, pages = {80}, booktitle = {{R}{\'e}union annuelle des sciences de la terre}, year = {1986}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:32054}, } @inproceedings{fdi:26735, title = {{L}es min{\'e}ralisations filoniennes stannowolframif{\`e}res du massif des {Z}a{\¨e}r ({M}aroc central)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {W}eisbrod, {A}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {GRANITE} ; {ALTERATION} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {GRANODIORITE} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, numero = {}, pages = {91--92}, booktitle = {{G}isements de tungst{\`e}ne : m{\'e}tallog{\'e}nie, exploration, min{\'e}ralogie}, year = {1986}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26735}, } @article{fdi:26220, title = {{L}e gisement de tungst{\`e}ne de {X}ihuashan ({S}ud-{J}iangxi, {C}hine) : relations granites, alt{\'e}rations deut{\'e}riques-hydrothermales, min{\'e}ralisations}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GEOCHIMIE} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {GITOLOGIE} ; {GRANITE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {ALTERATION} {HYDROTHERMALE} ; {CHINE} ; {JIANGXI} {SUD} ; {XIHUASHAN} {REGION}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, volume = {20}, numero = {}, pages = {107--115}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1985}, DOI = {10.1007/{BF}00204320}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26220}, } @article{fdi:26610, title = {{L}es concentrations filoniennes {\`a} tungst{\`e}ne-{\'e}tain du massif granitique des {Z}a{\¨e}rs ({M}aroc central) : min{\'e}ralisations et phases fluides associ{\'e}es}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {FILON} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {INCLUSION} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF} ; {SOKHRET} {ALLAL}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, numero = {19}, pages = {193--201}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1984}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26610}, } @article{fdi:26608, title = {{C}ontribution {\`a} l'{\'e}tude g{\'e}ochronologique du massif granitique hercynien des {Z}a{\¨e}rs ({M}assif {C}entral marocain)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston and {S}onet, {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {GEOCHRONOLOGIE} ; {RADIOMETRIE} ; {GEOCHIMIE} ; {RB}/{SR} ; {COMPOSITION} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences.{S}{\'e}rie 2 : {M}{\'e}canique...}, volume = {294}, numero = {2}, pages = {139--143}, ISSN = {0249-6305}, year = {1982}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26608}, } @article{fdi:26609, title = {{R}{\^o}le de la d{\'e}formation du granite dans la gen{\`e}se des episy{\'e}nites feldspathiques des massifs de {L}ovios-{G}eres ({G}alice) et des {Z}a{\¨e}rs ({M}aroc central) : relations avec les min{\'e}ralisations en tungst{\`e}ne-{\'e}tain associ{\'e}es}, author = {{C}heilletz, {A}. and {G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{PETROLOGIE} ; {GRANITE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {FILON} ; {ANALYSE} {STRUCTURALE} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {ETAIN} ; {FELDSPATH} ; {PORTUGAL} {NORD} ; {LOVIOS} {GERES} {MASSIF} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}ineralium {D}eposita}, numero = {17}, pages = {387--400}, ISSN = {0026-4598}, year = {1982}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26609}, } @article{fdi:26607, title = {{D}{\'e}couverte de min{\'e}ralisations en {S}n-{W}-{M}o dans le pluton granitique hercynien des {Z}a{\¨e}rs ({M}assif {C}entral marocain)}, author = {{G}iuliani, {G}aston}, editor = {}, language = {{FRE}}, abstract = {}, keywords = {{GRANITE} ; {MINERALISATION} ; {FILON} ; {TUNGSTENE} ; {MAROC} {CENTRE} ; {ZAER} {MASSIF}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus de l'{A}cad{\'e}mie des {S}ciences.{S}{\'e}rie {D} : {S}ciences {N}aturelles}, volume = {290}, numero = {22}, pages = {1397--1399}, ISSN = {0249-6305}, year = {1980}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26607}, }