Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Plants 1505 [23 p.] Brazilian biomes genetic diversity conservation strategies biome-specific adaptation NGS sequencing BRESIL 2026 fdi:010097349 ENG Plants 2223-7747 ISI:001774517700001 10 10.3390/plants15101505 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010097349 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2026-07/010097349.pdf 15 Horizon (IRD) Genetic diversity is critical for adaptability and resilience in response to environmental pressures, especially considering that human activities have drastically reduced natural populations. The endemic South American species, Myarcrodruon urundeuva (aroeira, Anacardiaceae), is found in the Caatinga dry forest, Brazilian Savanna, Atlantic Forest, and Pantanal Wetland biomes and has suffered from population reduction due to overexploitation of its wood. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of M. urundeuva across biomes and transition zones in Brazil using ddRADseq sequencing. Samples from 115 individuals and 12 populations were sequenced, generating 1427 informative SNP markers. The average allelic richness was 1227 for the 12 populations, and the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) ranged from 0.001 to 0.196. Notably, the Caatinga dry forest biome populations displayed a highly differentiated cluster. Clustering analysis indicates that genetic diversity patterns from other populations also show distinct population structures with significant differences in its distribution. These findings highlight the need for further research in northeastern Brazil and emphasize the importance of genetic diversity in conservation planning. Therefore, strategies that integrate conservation and molecular analyses are essential to safeguard M. urundeuva's diversity and adaptability. 076 ; 082 UR232 Brésil