@article{fdi:010096990,
  title = {{C}oral reef monitoring in {F}rench overseas territories : status, knowledge gaps, and improvements to meet national and {E}uropean environmental policy objectives},
  author = {{A}djeroud, {M}ehdi and {C}arlot, {J}. and {B}randl, {S}. and {B}igot, {L}. and {G}uilhaumon, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {J}ob, {S}. and {K}ayal, {M}ohsen and {M}ar{\'e}chal, {J}. {P}. and {M}onnier, {O}. and {P}ellerin, {F}. and {P}enin, {L}. and {W}ickel, {J}. and {W}icquart, {J}. and {P}arravicini, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}oral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the planet, providing goods and services to millions of people. {Y}et, they are threatened by a combination of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, which are increasing in both frequency and intensity. {W}ith 9% of the world's coral reef area, {F}rance is the 4th largest coral reef country, which confers a significant responsibility in terms of conservation. {T}his synthesis evaluates the major coral reef monitoring programs in {F}rench overseas territories, aiming to identify gaps and proposing strategies to fulfill national (the {F}rench {C}oral {R}eef {I}nitiative - {IFRECOR}, and the {N}ational {S}trategy for {P}rotected {A}reas - {SNAP}) and {E}uropean (the {W}ater {F}ramework {D}irective - {WFD}) requirements. {W}e show that, despite a disparity in terms of objectives, implementation periods, spatial extent, and biological variables, these programs still represent a critical tool to inform stakeholders, managers and scientists about ecological changes. {W}e emphasize that while these monitoring programs can be improved to meet the expectations of national public policy, such as through the use of common sampling strategies and multivariate indices that incorporate key ecological and functional processes, our analysis clearly demonstrates that several major requirements of the {WFD} are incompatible with coral reef monitoring programs. {E}stablishing a reference point, determining alert thresholds, distinguishing natural and anthropogenic sources of disturbance, and the contrast between the allocated remediation time and the recovery cycles of benthic communities are fundamental obstacles to the application of the {WFD} for ecosystems as dynamic, diverse and complex as coral ecosystems.},
  keywords = {{C}oral reefs ; {C}oral reef health ; {E}cological conditions ; {M}onitoring ; {I}ndicators ; {IFRECOR} ; {SNAP} ; {WFD} ; {REUNION} ; {MAYOTTE} ; {GUADELOUPE} ; {MARTINIQUE} ; {SAINT} {MARTIN} ; {POLYNESIE} ; {NOUVELLE} {CALEDONIE} ; {WALLIS} {ET} {FUTUNA} ; {EPARSES} {ILES} ; {CLIPPERTON} ; {SAINT} {BARTHELEMY} ; {FRANCE} ; {EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental and {S}ustainability {I}ndicators},
  volume = {30},
  numero = {},
  pages = {101255 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {2665-9727},
  year = {2026},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.indic.2026.101255},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096990},
}