@article{fdi:010096811,
  title = {{F}irst report of bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by {X}anthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in {B}enin [r{\'e}sum{\'e}]},
  author = {{A}folabi, {O}. and {A}moussa, {R}. and {B}ile, {M}. and {O}ludare, {A}. and {G}bogbo, {V}. and {P}oulin, {L}. and {K}oebnik, {R}alf and {S}zurek, {B}oris and {S}ilue, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {M}ay 2013, bacterial leaf blight ({BLB})-like symptoms were observed on wild rice {O}ryza longistaminata plants near {T}angui{\'e}ta town (10°38.721' {N}; 1°17.323' {E}), near {P}endjari {N}ational {P}ark, northwest {B}enin. {S}ymptoms included water-soaked stripes below the leaf tip and on leaf margins. {T}he stripes occasionally enlarged and turned yellow and the most severely affected leaves became greyish-brown with yellow margins on one or both sides of leaves. {F}or diagnosis, symptomatic 1- to 2-cm2 leaf pieces were surface-sterilized and macerated in sterile water. {T}he resulting sap was subjected to a multiplex {PCR} assay that is diagnostic for {X}anthomonas oryzae pathovars ({L}ang et al. 2010). {A} sample yielding the two {X}. oryzae pv. oryzae-specific {DNA} fragments (162 and 331 bp) was used to isolate single colonies on semiselective peptone-sucrose-agar ({PSA}) medium (peptone 10 g/liter, sucrose 10 g/liter, glutamic acid 1 g/liter, bacto agar 16 g/liter, actidione 50 mg/liter, cephalexin, 40 mg/liter, and kasugamycin 20 mg/liter) ({P}oulin et al. 2014). {I}ncubation at 28°{C} for 3 to 4 days yielded yellow-pigmented {X}anthomonas-like colonies that were mucoid, convex and straw-colored to yellow, like those of the reference strain {BAI}3 ({G}onzalez et al. 2007). {O}ne isolate named {ABB}1 was obtained. {P}artial {DNA} sequence analysis of the gyr{B} gene was conducted upon amplification using the primers {X}gyr{B}1{F} and {X}gyr{B}1{R} ({Y}oung et al. 2008). {T}he obtained 645-bp sequence was identical to that of 12 other {A}frican {X}. oryzae pv. oryzae strains ({H}ajri et al. 2012). {T}he partial nucleotide sequence of the gyr{B} gene of {ABB}1 was submitted to {G}en{B}ank ({A}ccession {N}o. {KT}325857) and {ABB}1 was deposited in the {C}ollection {F}ran{\c{c}}aise de {B}act{\'e}ries {P}hytopathog{\`e}nes as strain {CFBP}8172 (http://www6.inra.fr/cirm?/{CFBP}-{B}acteries-associees-aux-{P}lantes). {P}athogenicity assays were conducted on 10 {O}. sativa rice cultivars as follows: {ABB}1 was grown overnight in {PSA} broth and adjusted to 1 × 108 {CFU}/ml in sterile distilled water. {L}eaves of 35-day-old rice plants were clipped 2 to 3 cm below the leaf tip with sterile scissors dipped in the bacterial suspension ({G}onzalez et al. 2007). {T}welve leaves per seedling and 3 to 4 seedlings per accession were inoculated. {C}ontrol plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. {F}ifteen days after incubation in the greenhouse (27 ± 5°{C}), inoculated leaves exhibited typical bacterial leaf blight lesions, whereas control plants remained symptomless. {T}he reisolated bacteria from diseased leaves yielded colonies that had the same morphology as {ABB}1, and were confirmed to be {X}. oryzae pv. oryzae via multiplex {PCR} and sequence analysis of the gyr{B} gene portion, fulfilling {K}och's postulates. {I}n 2013, new samples were collected during the rainy ({J}uly) and dry ({N}ovember) seasons from different host plants including rice ({O}. sativa and {O}. glaberrima) and wild rice ({O}. longistaminata) around the site where {ABB}1 originated. {W}hile all samples collected in {J}uly were negative in multiplex {PCR} assays, those collected in {N}ovember from wild rice ({O}. longistaminata) led to the isolation of {ABB}40 and {ABB}41 that were confirmed as {X}. oryzae pv. oryzae by multiplex {PCR} assay and gyr{B} sequencing. {F}urther studies are needed to clarify the importance of the disease in {B}enin. {I}f spread from wild to cultivated rice, serious damage can be caused as several farmer-adopted cultivars were found to be highly susceptible to these 3 isolates.},
  keywords = {{BENIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}lant {D}isease},
  volume = {100},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {515--515},
  ISSN = {0191-2917},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1094/pdis-07-15-0821-pdn},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096811},
}