@article{fdi:010096522,
  title = {{T}sunamis and pyroclastic density currents over water during the 1815 {P}linian eruption of {T}ambora, {I}ndonesia},
  author = {{P}aris, {R}. and {M}utaqin, {B}. {W}. and {R}oche, {O}livier and {M}eilhaud, {A}. and {F}alvard, {S}. and {N}auret, {F}. and {B}ougouin, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}linian eruptions located near the sea or a lake are likely to generate pyroclastic density currents ({PDC}s) that trigger tsunamis and propagate on the water surface, thereby widening the range of hazards and possible threats to populations. {I}n this study, we reinvestigate the iconic eruption of {T}ambora ({S}umbawa {I}sland, {I}ndonesia) in 1815 with the aim of determining the source of the tsunami observed at the beginning of the eruptive paroxysm and constraining the propagation of {PDC}s over water. {T}o this end, we analyzed stratigraphic sections of the 1815 deposits on the coasts of the {G}ulf of {S}aleh, 40-55 km southwest of {T}ambora volcano. {B}ased on grain size distribution and componentry, we distinguished four types of deposits: tephra fall, {PDC}, co-{PDC}, and tsunami deposits. {P}umice-rich {PDC}s (so-called {PDC}-1 phase) propagated over 15-20 km of land and 15-30 km of sea before reaching the opposite (western) shore of the gulf. {E}xcept for a slight (similar to 10%) reduction of the lithic content, the influence of water on {PDC}-1 propagation seems minor, possibly due to the formation of vapor at the base of the {PDC} and/or the presence of pumice rafts at the water surface. {S}coria-rich {PDC}s ({PDC}-2 phase) apparently did not reach the opposite shore of the gulf. {T}here is only one tsunami recorded in the coastal stratigraphy, above the {F}4 {P}linian fall deposits and below the {PDC}-1 deposits. {T}he altitude of the tsunami deposits ranges between 1 and 5 m a.s.l. (corresponding to a wave height similar to 1-2 m at the shore). {T}his tsunami was most probably generated by the entrance of the concentrated lower part of {PDC}s ({PDC}-1) into the sea on the western coast of the volcano. {T}sunami waves travelled faster (similar to 50 m/s) than the upper dilute part of {PDC}s that decoupled upon impact with water and then travelled over the sea, as indicated by the position of tsunami deposits below {PDC}-1 deposits in stratigraphy. {C}onsidering the probable high mass flux of the {PDC}s produced during the 1815 eruption, one might have expected higher tsunami waves, but the low angle of incidence between the {PDC}s and the water surface certainly limited their tsunamigenic potential, as confirmed by laboratory experiments.},
  keywords = {{T}ambora volcano ; {V}olcanic tsunami ; {P}linian eruption ; {T}sunami deposit ; {P}yroclastic density current ; {INDONESIE} ; {TAMBORA} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}ulletin of {V}olcanology},
  volume = {88},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {34 [19 p.]},
  ISSN = {0258-8900},
  year = {2026},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00445-026-01956-y},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096522},
}