Tidd A. auteur aut IRD Tolotti M. T. auteur aut IRD Guillotreau Patrice auteur aut IRD Barrier Nicolas auteur aut IRD Dagorn Laurent auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access The ecosystem approach to fisheries is widely recognised as a key management goal, yet its definition and implementation remain debated. Most fisheries management relies on single-species strategies with technical measures to reduce bycatch. However, selective removals disrupt species composition, affecting ecosystem dynamics and resilience. We present a proof-of-concept model based on balanced harvesting that allocates fishing pressure proportionally across three tuna stocks-yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus)-in the Indian Ocean according to their size-biomass ratios. The model optimises fishing effort by gear using a predefined objective function based on length-based population dynamics, ensuring a balanced harvest while maintaining each tuna species' biomass within its maximum sustainable yield (BMSY) limit. By assigning fishing mortality (F-multiplier) to each fleet, the model aims to maintain, within the bounds of BMSY for each stock, the ecosystem structure (based on size-abundance relationships) over a 20-year simulation. Results indicate significant reductions in fishing mortality across gears relative to 2020 levels. While some gears, such as purse seine free-school, show increased catches and revenues (146%), others, like purse seine log-school, experience declines (-22%). Overall, fishing at BMSY improves total revenues and catches by 51% and 34%, respectively, compared to 2020. This work demonstrates that it is possible to maintain each tuna stock within BMSY bounds by managing fishing fleets while preserving ecosystem structure, a significant goal of the ecosystem approach to fisheries. specialized Sustainability Balanced harvest Tunas Indian ocean Fishing fleets Fleet-based management OCEAN INDIEN 040 021 020 514 111495 [10 p.] 2026 0304-3800 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096282 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111495 0304-3800 [F B010096282] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096282 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2026-03/010096282.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2026-03-11 2026-06-12 fdi:010096282 fre