@article{fdi:010096150,
  title = {{M}ultiple asynchronous drought facets drive {M}editerranean natural and cultivated ecosystems},
  author = {{E}lias, {G}. and {M}ajdalani, {G}. and {R}enard, {D}. and {F}aour, {G}. and {M}ouillot, {F}lorent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}rought is a keystone constraint with far-reaching implications for agro-environmental threats. {Y}et, drought indices are mostly hydro-meteorological or agricultural, obscuring evidence of the key role agro-ecosystem diversity plays in buffering the consequences of regional climatic variability. {W}e then question how contrasted drought facets could differentially drive the functioning of agro-ecosystems, and whether the interannual asynchrony of these facets might prevent multi-crisis events. {H}ere, we examine how a multifaceted characterization of yearly drought events differentially relates to key agro-environmental sectors and test how these drought facets synchronize over {L}ebanon, a {M}iddle {E}astern drought-prone country grappling with socio-economic and political crises. {U}sing parsimonious multiple linear regression ({MLR}) models, we captured the combined functional roles of six yearly drought facets (duration, onset, offset, drying rate,



peak drought day, and mean intensity of episodic rainfall pulses) on major agro-environmental sectors, including winter wheat yield, tree-ring radial growth, and area burned by wildfires. {D}elayed drought offset and faster spring soil moisture drying rates appeared more closely associated to increased burned areas ({R}2 = 0.25), while drought onset and autumn rainfall pulses from the previous year were negatively linked to winter wheat yield ({R}2 = 0.12), and tree radial growth switched from a control by drought onset and to duration with increasing altitude ({R}2 = 0.33). {T}he observed asynchrony in agro-environmental response to climate variability over the 1960-2020 period appears to buffer the occurrence of concomitant extremes, a pattern that we could relate to the asynchrony in their controlling drought facets. {B}y demonstrating the functional role of each drought facet, we conclude on the efficiency of a compound functionally-sound drought facets index for synchronous agro-environmental climate crisis warning.},
  keywords = {{LIBAN} ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience of {T}he {T}otal {E}nvironment},
  volume = {969},
  numero = {},
  pages = {178990 [17 ]},
  ISSN = {0048-9697},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178990},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010096150},
}