@article{fdi:010095908,
  title = {next{GEMS}: entering the era of kilometer-scale {E}arth system modeling},
  author = {{S}egura, {H}. and {P}edruzo-{B}agazgoitia, {X}. and {W}eiss, {P}. and {M}üller, {S}. and {R}ackow, {T}. and {L}ee, {J}. and {D}olores-{T}esillos, {E}. and {B}enedict, {I}. and {A}engenheyster, {M}. and {A}guridan, {R}. and {A}rduini, {G}. and {B}aker, {A}. {J}. and {B}ao, {J}. {W}. and {B}astin, {S}. and {B}aulenas, {E}. and {B}ecker, {T}. and {B}eyer, {S}. and {B}ockelmann, {H}. and {B}rüggemann, {N}. and {B}runner, {L}. and {C}heedela, {S}. {K}. and {D}as, {S}. and {D}enissen, {J}. and {D}ragaud, {I}. and {D}ziekan, {P}. and {E}kblom, {M}. and {E}ngels, {J}. {F}. and {E}sch, {M}. and {F}orbes, {R}. and {F}rauen, {C}. and {F}reischem, {L}. and {G}arcía-{M}aroto, {D}. and {G}eier, {P}. and {G}ierz, {P}. and {G}onzález-{C}ervera, {A}. and {G}rayson, {K}. and {G}riffith, {M}. and {G}utjahr, {O}. and {H}aak, {H}. and {H}adade, {I}. and {H}aslehner, {K}. and ul {H}asson, {S}. and {H}egewald, {J}. and {K}luft, {L}. and {K}oldunov, {A}. and {K}oldunov, {N}. and {K}{\¨o}lling, {T}. and {K}oseki, {S}. and {K}osukhin, {S}. and {K}ousal, {J}. and {K}uma, {P}. and {K}umar, {A}. {U}. and {L}i, {R}. {M}. and {M}aury, {N}. and {M}eindl, {M}. and {M}ilinski, {S}. and {M}ogensen, {K}. and {N}iraula, {B}. and {N}owak, {J}. and {P}raturi, {D}. {S}. and {P}roske, {U}. and {P}utrasahan, {D}. and {R}edler, {R}. and {S}antuy, {D}. and {S}ármány, {D}. and {S}chnur, {R}. and {S}cholz, {P}. and {S}idorenko, {D}. and {S}pät, {D}. and {S}ützl, {B}. and {T}akasuka, {D}. and {T}ompkins, {A}. and {U}ribe, {A}. and {V}alentini, {M}. and {V}eerman, {M}. and {V}oigt, {A}. and {W}arnau, {S}. and {W}achsmann, {F}. and {W}aclawczyk, {M}. and {W}edi, {N}. and {W}ieners, {K}. {H}. and {W}ille, {J}. and {W}inkler, {M}. and {W}u, {Y}. {T}. and {Z}iemen, {F}. and {Z}immermann, {J}. and {B}ender, {F}. {M}. and {B}ojovic, {D}. and {B}ony, {S}. and {B}ordoni, {S}. and {B}rehmer, {P}atrice and {D}engler, {M}. and {D}utra, {E}. and {F}aye, {S}. and {F}ischer, {E}. and van {H}eerwaarden, {C}. and {H}ohenegger, {C}. and {J}ärvinen, {H}. and {J}ochum, {M}. and {J}ung, {T}. and {J}ungclaus, {J}. {H}. and {K}eenlyside, {N}. {S}. and {K}locke, {D}. and {K}onow, {H}. and {K}lose, {M}. and {M}alinowski, {S}. and {M}artius, {O}. and {M}auritsen, {T}. and {M}ellado, {J}. {P}. and {M}ieslinger, {T}. and {M}ohino, {E}. and {P}awlowska, {H}. and {P}eters-von {G}ehlen, {K}. and {S}arr{\'e}, {A}. and {S}obhani, {P}. and {S}tier, {P}. and {T}uppi, {L}. and {V}idale, {P}. {L}. and {S}andu, {I}. and {S}tevens, {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {N}ext {G}eneration of {E}arth {M}odeling {S}ystems (next{GEMS}) project aimed to produce multidecadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. {I}n only 3 years, next{GEMS} achieved this milestone with the two km-scale {E}arth system models, {ICO}sahedral {N}on-hydrostatic model ({ICON}) and {I}ntegrated {F}orecasting {S}ystem coupled to the {F}inite-volum{E} {S}ea ice-{O}cean {M}odel ({IFS}-{FESOM}). next{GEMS} was based on three cornerstones: (1) developing km-scale {E}arth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, (2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than 1 simulated year per day, and (3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. {T}hese cornerstones shaped the timeline of next{GEMS}, divided into four cycles. {E}ach cycle marked the release of a new configuration of {ICON} and {IFS}-{FESOM}, which were evaluated at hackathons. {T}he hackathon participants included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. {T}he continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations with {ICON} and {IFS}-{FESOM}, spanning the period 2020-2049 under the {SSP}3-7.0 scenario. {T}he throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the {L}evante supercomputer of the {G}erman {C}limate {C}omputing {C}enter ({DKRZ}). {T}he simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. {A}side from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of {ICON} and {IFS}-{FESOM}. {B}eyond its time frame, next{GEMS} builds the foundation of the {C}limate {C}hange {A}daptation {D}igital {T}win developed in the {D}estination {E}arth initiative and paves the way for future {E}uropean research on climate change.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eoscientific {M}odel {D}evelopment},
  volume = {118},
  numero = {20},
  pages = {7735--7761},
  ISSN = {1991-959{X}},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010095908},
}