@article{fdi:010095816,
  title = {{H}olocene climate dynamics in the central {M}editerranean inferred from pollen data},
  author = {d'{O}liveira, {L}. and {J}oannin, {S}. and {M}{\'e}not, {G}. and {C}ombourieu-{N}ebout, {N}. and {D}ugerdil, {L}. and {B}lache, {M}. and {R}obles, {M}ary and {F}lorenzano, {A}. and {M}asi, {A}. and {M}ercuri, {A}. {M}. and {S}adori, {L}. and {B}alasse, {M}. and {P}eyron, {O}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {M}editerranean climate is characterised by strong seasonality, which is critical for the ecosystems and societies in the region and makes them susceptible to climate change. {T}he timing of when the {M}editerranean climate developed over the past few thousand years remains a complex and unresolved question. {M}ost studies document a part of the {M}editerranean area or are based on a single (and frequently different) climate reconstruction method, which can lead to non-negligible biases when considering climate changes on a {M}editerranean scale. {S}everal climate summaries based on pollen data have recently been produced on a {E}uropean scale. {H}owever, few of them have focused exclusively on the {M}editerranean area, except for two recent syntheses documenting the eastern and western parts of the {M}editerranean basin. {W}e aimed to document the climate changes in the central {M}editerranean during the {H}olocene, including trends and different patterns. {A} robust methodology has been applied to 38 pollen records spreading across the south of {F}rance and {I}taly. {F}our climate reconstruction methods based on different mathematical and ecological concepts have been tested ({MAT}, {WA}-{PLS}, {BRT} and {RF}), and the selection of the best modern calibration dataset has also been investigated to produce the most reliable results. {P}articular attention has been paid to the seasonal nature of climatic parameters (winter and summer temperatures and precipitation). {A} model-data comparison has been made using the transient model simulation {T}ra{CE}-21ka in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the climate mechanisms and their forcing. {O}ur palaeoclimate reconstruction shows that during the mid {H}olocene, summer temperatures were slightly colder than modern-day conditions in the southern part of the central {M}editerranean region, which is not completely in accordance with the summer temperature reconstructions of the {I}berian {P}eninsula and eastern {M}editerranean for the mid {H}olocene. {I}n northern parts of the central {M}editerranean region, and particularly in high elevation (> 1000 m), a {H}olocene thermal maximum is present, contrasting with the cold summer temperature anomalies previously reconstructed with pollen data for the {M}editerranean region. {H}olocene summer conditions were characterised by specific spatio-temporal patterns, i.e., a west-east differentiation in southern {F}rance and a north-south one in {I}taly, for both temperature and precipitation. {H}olocene winter conditions showed a more homogeneous spatio-temporal pattern, i.e., general humidification and warming throughout the {H}olocene for {I}taly and southern {F}rance, which is coherent with the winter temperature reconstructions of the {I}berian {P}eninsula and eastern {M}editerranean. {A} data-model comparison shows a mostly coherent signal in winter but an incoherent one in summer. {T}hose discrepancies between model simulations and pollen-based reconstructions suggest that during the {H}olocene, the northern {M}editerranean climate was already subject to a marked spatio-temporal variability, particularly in summer, that cannot only be explained by changes in orbital configuration and atmospheric greenhouse gas evolution. {F}inally, our result highlighted the onset of the "{M}editerraneanization" of the central {M}editerranean region, characterised by wet winters and dry summers, after 8000 years {B}efore {P}resent ({BP}). {T}he "{M}editerraneanization" process seems to have had a greater impact on the southern regions than on the northern regions.},
  keywords = {{FRANCE} ; {ITALIE} ; {EUROPE} ; {ASIE} ; {MEDITERRANEEN} {BASSIN} ; {ZONE} {MEDITERRANEENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate of the {P}ast},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {2331--2359},
  ISSN = {1814-9324},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.5194/cp-21-2331-2025},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010095816},
}