@article{fdi:010095412,
  title = {{C}o-circulation of viral and bacterial diseases in the field : insights from symptom observation and detection of two rice pathogens},
  author = {{B}illard, {E}stelle and {B}angratz, {M}artine and {K}assankogno, {A}. {I}. and {S}aengram, {P}honsiri and {G}uigma, {A}. {K}. and {C}otto, {O}. and {T}h{\'e}baud, {G}. and {W}onni, {I}. and {S}{\'e}r{\'e}m{\'e}, {D}. and {P}oulicard, {N}ils and {C}unnac, {S}{\'e}bastien and {H}utin, {M}athilde and {H}{\'e}brard, {E}ug{\'e}nie and {T}ollenaere, {C}harlotte},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}o-occurrence of multiple diseases and co-infection of individual plants by various pathogens have potential epidemiological implications. {B}ased on data on the co-occurrence of the rice yellow mottle disease (caused by the rice yellow mottle virus, {RYMV}) and bacterial leaf streak ({BLS}, due to {X}anthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, {X}oc) in {B}urkina {F}aso, and experimental evidence of interactions between the pathogens causing these two diseases, we monitored the two pathogens more intensively in farmer's rice fields. {W}e selected fields showing both types of symptoms to maximize chances of observing co-infections at the plant scale. {W}e performed observations and sampling in two sites over two consecutive years, resulting in 1666 samples. 1341 plants were symptomatic for any of the two diseases. {A}lthough the sampling design was biased towards observing co-infections, only 37 of these samples (2.8%) were annotated as presenting both yellow mottle and {BLS} symptoms. {T}he samples were then subjected to a newly designed molecular detection test that specifically amplifies both the virus ({RYMV}) and the bacteria ({X}o). {T}his revealed that 166 samples, i.e. 12.4% of the symptomatic samples, were co-infected by {RYMV} and {X}o, hence showing that symptom observation in the field greatly underestimated co-infection levels in this dataset. {C}ombining these data with a previously published dataset, we estimated that at least 1-5% of all plants in disease hotspots may be simultaneously infected by the two pathogens. {F}urther research on multiple infections would benefit from longitudinal surveys over the growing season rather than such a cross-sectional study.},
  keywords = {{M}ultiple infections ; {R}ice ; {RYMV} ; {X}anthomonas oryzae ; {E}pidemiology ; {I}nfection dynamics},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}uropean {J}ournal of {P}lant {P}athology},
  volume = {[{E}arly access]},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[7 p.]},
  ISSN = {0929-1873},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1007/s10658-025-03151-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010095412},
}