@article{fdi:010094864,
  title = {{T}he long-term persistence of the w{M}el strain in {R}io de {J}aneiro is threatened by poor integrated vector management and bacterium fitness cost on {A}edes aegypti},
  author = {{P}avan, {M}. {G}. and {G}nonhoue, {F}. {J}. and {C}orr{\^e}a-{A}nt{\^o}nio, {J}. and {P}adilha, {K}. {P}. and {G}arcia, {G}. {A}. and de {O}liveira, {F}. and {B}rito, {L}. {P}. and {D}ias, {L}. and {M}artins, {A}. {J}. and {C}orbel, {V}incent and {L}ima, {J}. {B}. {P}. and {W}allau, {G}. {L}. and {H}offmann, {A}. and {C}ruz, {O}. {G}. and {V}illela, {D}. {A}. {M}. and {M}aciel-de-{F}reitas, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{N}ew tools and methods are currently under evaluation by the {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization for preventing arbovirus transmission, such as dengue, {Z}ika, and chikungunya. {O}ne promising approach involves deploying {A}edes aegypti with the endosymbiotic bacterium {W}olbachia pipientis to disrupt arbovirus transmission within endemic urban environments. {T}he release program of mosquitoes with the {W}olbachia's w{M}el strain started in {A}ugust 2017 in 6.88% of the city area of {R}io de {J}aneiro, where 13.1% of the city's population live (similar to 890,000 inhabitants). {T}he deployment of {W}olbachia w{M}el strain in {R}io finished in {D}ecember 2019 with a suboptimal 32% introgression of w{M}el strain, which coincided with a 38% and 10% reduction of dengue and chikungunya, respectively. {W}e conducted an independent evaluation during 20 consecutive months to evaluate whether the w{M}el distribution and frequency would expand or retract. {M}ore than 50,000 mosquitoes were sampled in 12 neighborhoods with estimated 500,000 inhabitants, of which 39.2% were {A}e. aegypti. {I}n total, 7,613 of 19,427 collected {A}e. aegypti were screened individually for w{M}el. {C}limate, environmental and insecticide application data was used to model the spatiotemporal introgression of w{M}el. {T}he routine insecticide rotation adopted by the {B}razilian {M}inistry of {H}ealth caused the crash of both w{M}el-infected and -uninfected populations shortly after an increase in coverage with spinosad. {H}owever, the w{M}el-uninfected mosquitoes recovered soon to levels even higher than before, whereas the w{M}el-infected failed to recover after the population crash. {T}he well documented fitness cost of w{M}el in egg hatching leads to the absence of an egg bank necessary to recover after adult population was disrupted. {F}inally, we observed the mt{DNA} haplotype associated with released {W}olbachia at a frequency of similar to 25% in field-caught uninfected mosquitoes. {T}he reason underlying the poor introgression of {W}olbachia w{M}el strain is multifold. {T}he adoption of an effective larvicide that crashed both w{M}el-infected and -uninfected populations, the absence of an egg bank due to high fitness cost of egg hatching in the w{M}el-infected mosquitoes, a suboptimal {W}olbachia invasion before the intervention, and {W}olbachia loss synergically contributed to the lower invasion and, by corollary, modest epidemiological outcome in {R}io de {J}aneiro. {O}ur results highlight the need to plan and implement technical guidance on {I}ntegrated {V}ector {M}anagement in {B}razil prior and during the nationwide release of {W}olbachia-infected mosquitoes to optimize dengue mitigation efforts while ensuring the judicious use of resources.},
  keywords = {{BRESIL} ; {RIO} {DE} {JANEIRO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {e0013372 [21 p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0013372},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094864},
}