@article{fdi:010094821,
  title = {{F}ully dynamic seismic cycle simulations in co-evolving fault damage zones controlled by damage rheology},
  author = {{Z}hai, {P}. and {H}uang, {Y}. {H}. and {L}iang, {C}. and {A}mpuero, {J}ean-{P}aul},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}oth short-term coseismic off-fault damage and long-term fault growth during interseismic periods have been suggested to contribute to the formation and evolution of fault damage zones. {M}ost previous numerical models focus on simulating either off-fault damage in a single earthquake or off-fault plasticity in seismic cycles ignoring changes of elastic moduli. {H}ere, we developed a new method to simulate the damage evolution of fault zones and dynamic earthquake cycles together in a 2-{D} antiplane model. {W}e assume fault slip is governed by the laboratory-derived rate-and-state friction law while the constitutive response of adjacent off-fault material is controlled by a simplified version of the {L}yakhovsky-{B}en-{Z}ion continuum brittle damage model. {T}his study aims to present this newly developed modelling framework which opens a window to simulate the co-evolution of earthquakes and fault damage zones. {W}e also demonstrate one example application of the modelling framework. {T}he example simulation generates coseismic velocity drop as evidenced by seismological observations and a long-term shallow slip deficit. {I}n addition, the coseismic slip near the surface is smaller due to off-fault inelastic deformation and results in a larger coseismic slip deficit. {H}ere, we refer to off-fault damage as both rigidity reduction and inelastic deformation of the off-fault medium. {W}e find off-fault damage in our example simulation mainly occurs during earthquakes and concentrates at shallow depths as a flower structure, in which a distributed damage area surrounds a localized, highly damaged inner core. {W}ith the experimentally based logarithmic healing law, coseismic off-fault rigidity reduction cannot heal fully and permanently accumulates over multiple seismic cycles. {T}he fault zone width and rigidity eventually saturate at long cumulative slip, reaching a mature state without further change.},
  keywords = {{E}lasticity and anelasticity ; {N}umerical modelling ; {S}eismic cycle ; {E}arthquake dynamics ; {R}heology and friction of fault zones ; {T}ransform faults},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {J}ournal {I}nternational},
  volume = {242},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {ggaf274 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {0956-540{X}},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1093/gji/ggaf274},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094821},
}