@article{fdi:010094519,
  title = {{F}orest transitions in the {U}nited {S}tates, {F}rance and {A}ustri : dynamics of forest change and their socio- metabolic drivers},
  author = {{G}ingrich, {S}. and {M}agerl, {A}. and {M}atej, {S}. and {L}e {N}o{\¨e}, {J}ulia},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{U}nderstanding the drivers of forest transitions is relevant to inform effective forest conservation. {W}e investigate pathways of forest transitions in

the {U}nited {S}tates (1920-2010), {F}rance (1850-2010), and {A}ustria (1830-2010). {B}y combining evidence from forest inventories with the forest model {CRAFT},

we first quantify how change in forest area (delta {A}), maximum biomass density (delta {B}dmax), and actual biomass as fraction of maximum biomass (delta {F}max) shaped

forest dynamics. {S}econd, to investigate the connections between forest change and societal resource use, or social metabolism, we quantify the importance

of selected proximate and underlying socio-metabolic drivers. {W}e find that agricultural intensification and reduced forest grazing correlated most

with positive delta {A} and delta {B}dmax. {B}y contrast, change in biomass imports or harvest did not explain forest change. {O}ur findings highlight the importance

of forest growth conditions in explaining long-term forest dynamics, and demonstrate the distinct ways in which resource use drove forest change.},
  keywords = {{ETATS} {UNIS} ; {FRANCE} ; {AUTRICHE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {L}and {U}se {S}cience},
  volume = {17},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {113--133},
  ISSN = {1747-423{X}},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1080/1747423x.2021.2018514},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094519},
}