@article{fdi:010094318,
  title = {{P}revalence and determinants of zoonotic malaria in the {G}reater {M}ekong {S}ubregion ({GMS}) and {M}alaysia : systematic review and meta-analysis},
  author = {{A}hebwa, {A}. and {S}ukkanon, {C}. and {H}ii, {J}. and {N}goen-{K}lan, {R}. and {A}runyawat, {U}. and {M}anguin, {S}ylvie and {C}hareonviriyaphap, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {Z}oonotic malaria is a growing public health concern in {S}outheast {A}sia, with {M}alaysia and {T}hailand accounting for 95.2% of the 3290 global cases reported in 2023. {I}t is caused by {P}lasmodium species primarily adapted to long- and pig-tailed macaques, transmitted to humans via certain {A}nopheles mosquitoes. {T}his meta-analysis quantifies its prevalence and risk factors in the {G}reater {M}ekong {S}ubregion and {M}alaysia. {M}ethods {T}his meta-analysis was conducted following the {PRISMA} ({P}referred {R}eporting {I}tems for {S}ystematic) guidelines. {A} comprehensive literature search was conducted in {P}ub{M}ed and {S}copus databases (2000-2024) to identify studies on zoonotic malaria infection in humans and monkeys. {B}ackward search was done using {G}oogle {S}cholar. {I}nclusion criteria were defined using the {C}o{C}o{P}op ({C}ondition, {C}ontext, and {P}opulation) framework. {T}wo reviewers independently extracted data, and study quality was assessed using appropriate risk-of-bias tools. {A} random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using the metafor package in {R} programme, with heterogeneity assessed via {I}2 statistics and subgroup analyses. {M}eta-regression using a linear mixed-effects models estimated unadjusted odds ratios for transmission determinants. {R}esults {T}he overall pooled prevalence of malaria infection was 8.6% in humans and 35.0% in monkeys. {T}he pooled prevalence was higher in {M}alaysia (22.8%) than {GMS} (1.2%). {I}n {GMS}, {M}yanmar with a pooled prevalence of 4.9% contributes a higher burden of human zoonotic malaria than {T}hailand (1.8%). {S}ignificantly high heterogeneity between studies was recorded for both human ({I}2 = 99.7%, {P} < 0.0001) and monkey ({I}2 = 98.7%, {P} < 0.0001) infections. {T}he major risk factors assessed were gender (males: {OR} = 4.3), age (adults 21-40 years: {OR} = 5.6), mobility, misdiagnosis, and {P}lasmodium knowlesi infection. {M}ost cases (4773; 89.6%) were initially misdiagnosed by microscopy as non-zoonotic. {P}revalence in monkeys was highest in {M}acaca nemestrina (63.3%) followed by {M}acaca fascicularis (31.4%) with {P}lasmodium inui and {P}lasmodium cynomolgi as the most frequent parasites.{C}onclusions{T}his study contributes to the understanding of the transmission complexities of zoonotic malaria in the {GMS} countries and {M}alaysia, highlighting critical knowledge gaps and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing its further spread.},
  keywords = {{P}ooled prevalence ; {Z}oonotic malaria ; {H}eterogeneity ; {R}isk factors ; {P}lasmodium knowlesi ; {P}lasmodium inui ; {P}lasmodium cynomolgi ; {MALAISIE} ; {THAILANDE} ; {MYANMAR} ; {CAMBODGE} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {LAOS}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {24},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {218 [23 p.]},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-025-05464-w},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094318},
}