@article{fdi:010094265,
  title = {{G}rains, trade and war in the multimodal transmission of {R}ice yellow mottle virus : an historical and phylogeographical retrospective},
  author = {{N}dikumana, {I}. and {O}naga, {G}. and {G}alzi, {A}gn{\`e}s and {R}ocu, {P}. and {H}ubert, {J}. and {W}{\'e}r{\'e}, {H}. {K}. and {A}dego, {A}. and {W}{\'e}r{\'e}, {M}. {N}. and {P}oulicard, {N}ils and {H}ebrard, {M}. and {D}ellicour, {S}. and {L}emey, {P}. and {G}ilbert, {E}. and {D}ugu{\'e}, {M}. {J}. and {C}hevenet, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {B}astide, {P}. and {G}uindon, {S}. and {F}argette, {D}enis and {H}{\'e}brard, {E}ug{\'e}nie},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}ice yellow mottle virus ({RYMV}) is a major pathogen of rice in {A}frica. {RYMV} has a narrow host range limited to rice and a few related poaceae species. {W}e explore the links between the spread of {RYMV} in {E}ast {A}frica and rice history since the second half of the 19th century. {T}he phylogeography of {RYMV} in {E}ast {A}frica was reconstructed from coat protein gene sequences ({ORF}4) of 335 isolates sampled over two million square kilometers between 1966 and 2020. {D}ispersal patterns obtained from {ORF}2a and {ORF}2b, and full-length sequences converged to the same scenario. {T}he following imprints of rice cultivation on {RYMV} epidemiology were unveiled. {RYMV} emerged in the middle of the 19th century in the {E}astern {A}rc {M}ountains where slash-and-burn rice cultivation was practiced. {S}everal spillovers from wild hosts to cultivated rice occurred. {RYMV} was then rapidly introduced into the nearby large rice growing {K}ilombero valley and {M}orogoro region. {H}arvested seeds are contaminated by debris of virus infected plants that subsist after threshing and winnowing. {L}ong-distance dispersal of {RYMV} is consistent (i) with rice introduction along the caravan routes from the {I}ndian {O}cean {C}oast to {L}ake {V}ictoria in the second half of the 19th century, (ii) seed movement from {E}ast {A}frica to {W}est {A}frica at the end of the 19th century, from {L}ake {V}ictoria to the north of {E}thiopia in the second half of the 20th century and to {M}adagascar at the end of the 20th century, (iii) and, unexpectedly, with rice transport at the end of the {F}irst {W}orld {W}ar as a troop staple food from the {K}ilombero valley towards the {S}outh of {L}ake {M}alawi. {O}verall, {RYMV} dispersal was associated to a broad range of human activities, some unsuspected. {C}onsequently, {RYMV} has a wide dispersal capacity. {I}ts dispersal metrics estimated from phylogeographic reconstructions are similar to those of highly mobile zoonotic viruses.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {P}athogens},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {e1013168 [22 p.]},
  ISSN = {1553-7366},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1013168},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094265},
}