Galati E. A. B. auteur aut IRD de Andrade A. J. auteur aut IRD Perveen F. auteur aut IRD Loyer M. auteur aut IRD Vongphayloth K. auteur aut IRD Randrianambinintsoa F. J. auteur aut IRD Prudhomme J. auteur aut IRD Rahola Nil auteur aut IRD Akhoundi M. auteur aut IRD Shimabukuro P. H. F. auteur aut IRD Depaquit J. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access BackgroundChecklists of zoological groups are useful to document species names in a specific area or even worldwide. They serve for various purposes, including ecological studies, conservation reports, policy and decision-making, and species identification. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) are the vectors of pathogens such as Leishmania, Bartonella and some arboviruses (Toscana, Naples, Sicily), and checklists for sand flies have primarily been published mainly for a state, department, or country. A checklist for American sand flies was published in 2017, but, until then, no effort has been made to compile a comprehensive list of species worldwide. The present study aims to fill this gap of knowledge.MethodsThe present checklist is provided based on a literature overview and biological collections records and includes unpublished data from the authors. The species are presented according to the classification, then alphabetically by Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Distribution by country and type locality of each species are provided. Discussions on the taxonomic status or occurrence of each species are provided when needed.ResultsA total of 23 genera in the Western Hemisphere, formerly the New World (Bichromomyia, Brumptomyia, Deanemyia, Dampfomyia, Edentomyia, Evandromyia, Expapillata, Hertigia, Lutzomyia, Martinsmyia, Micropygomyia, Migonemyia, Nyssomyia, Oligodontomyia, Pintomyia, Pressatia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus, Sciopemyia, Trichophoromyia, Trichopygomyia, Viannamyia, and Warileya) and 17 genera in the Eastern Hemisphere, formerly the Old World (Australophlebotomus, Chinius, Demeillonius, Grassomyia, Idiophlebotomus, Libanophlebotomus, Libanophlebotomites, Mesophlebotomites, Paleomyia, Parvidens, Phlebotoiella, Phlebotomiella, Phlebotomites, Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia, Spelaeomyia, Spelaeophlebotomus), including the fossil species, are listed herein. The updated list, excluding nomina dubia/species inquirenda includes 1063 sand fly species, with 549 and 514 species for New World and Old World, respectively. Only New Zealand and the Pacific Islands (excluding New Caledonia) do not record the presence of sand flies. The dataset for this study is publicly available in the SiBBr and GBIF. ConclusionsThis is the first detailed list of valid names of phlebotomine sand flies worldwide, including records from each country where they have been documented. specialized Geographical distribution Sand flies New World Nomenclature changes Old World Taxonomy Systematics World fauna MONDE 052 18 1 220 [41 p.] 2025 1756-3305 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094191 10.1186/s13071-025-06748-5 1756-3305 [F B010094191] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094191 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-07/010094191.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-07-15 2025-07-15 fdi:010094191 fre