@article{fdi:010094156,
  title = {{I}mproved spatial representation of precipitation and air surface temperature over highlands of the southern tropical {A}ndes ({L}ake {T}iticaca region) during an austral summer using the {WRF} model},
  author = {{L}lacza, {A}. and {P}aredes, {J}. and {L}lamocca, {J}. and {S}aavedra, {M}. and {F}ita, {L}. and {R}uiz, {C}. and {J}unquas, {C}l{\'e}mentine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}ue to its complex topography, the {L}ake {T}iticaca region, located in the southern tropical {A}ndes, presents great challenges for atmospheric modeling. {T}his study aims to improve the representation of precipitation and air surface temperature using the {W}eather {R}esearch and {F}orecasting ({WRF}) model at high spatial resolution (2 km), during the austral summer of 2020. {W}e conducted 11 experiments with different configurations of topography, land use, physical parameterizations, and lake surface temperature ({LST}). {E}ach experiment was evaluated considering in-situ data from the {P}eruvian-{B}olivian region and gridded precipitation products. {F}or precipitation, the best configuration, with an average bias close to zero mm, includes using the {GMTED}2010 topography (not smoothed) and the land use data of {E}va et al. (2004), along with the {P}urdue {L}in microphysics and the {G}rell 3{D} cumulus scheme. {F}or air temperature, the best configuration, which showed an average underestimation between 0 and - 0.5 degrees {C}, included the same topography and land use, along with the parameterization of the {SENAMHI} {O}perational {M}odel ({SOM}), including the {WRF} {S}ingle {M}oment 3 microphysics and the {K}ain-{F}ritsch cumulus scheme. {I}n the last experiment, the sea surface temperature ({SST}) was updated, resulting in an average {LST} increase of +1.8 degrees {C} over {L}ake {T}iticaca. {T}his resulted in an increase in the precipitation bias (82.2 %) due to increased evaporation and convection over the lake and decreased southwestward moisture transport. {T}hese results highlight the sensitivity of the {WRF} model to parameterization choices and {SST} forcing data, emphasizing the importance of any changes in these variables.},
  keywords = {{S}outhern tropical {A}ndes ; {L}ake {T}iticaca ; {K}ilometer-scale atmospheric ; modeling ; {WRF} modeling ; {P}recipitation and surface temperature ; {PEROU} ; {ANDES} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE} ; {TITICACA} {LAC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmospheric {R}esearch},
  volume = {325},
  numero = {},
  pages = {108262 [17 p.]},
  ISSN = {0169-8095},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108262},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010094156},
}