@article{fdi:010093831,
  title = {{M}alaria transmission in urban sub-saharan {A}frica},
  author = {{R}obert, {V}incent and {M}acintyre, {K}. and {K}eating, {J}. and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {D}uchemin, {J}.{B}. and {W}arren, {M}. and {B}eier, {J}.{C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he rapid increase in the world's urban population has major implications for the epidemiology of malaria. {A} review of malaria transmission in sub-{S}aharan {A}frican cities shows the strong likelihood of transmission occurring within these sprawling cities, whatever the size or characteristics of their bioecologic environment. {A} meta-analysis of results from studies of malaria transmission in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica shows a loose linear negative relationship between mean annual entomologic

inoculation rates ({EIR}) and the level of urbanicity. {F}ew studies have failed to find entomologic evidence of some transmission. {O}ur results show mean annual {EIR}s of 7.1 in the city centers, 45.8 in periurban areas, and 167.7 in rural areas. {T}he impact of urbanization in reducing transmission is more marked in areas where the mean rainfall is low and seasonal. {C}onsiderable variation in the level of transmission exists among cities and within different districts in the same city. {T}his article presents evidence from past literature to build a conceptual framework to begin to explain this heterogeneity. {T}he potential for malaria epidemics owing to decreasing levels of natural immunity may be offset by negative impacts of urbanization on the larval ecology of anopheline mosquitoes. {M}alaria control in urban environments may be simpler as a result of urbanization; however, much of what we know about malaria transmission in rural environments might not hold in the urban context.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}he {A}merican {J}ournal of {T}ropical {M}edicine and {H}ygiene},
  volume = {68},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {169--176},
  ISSN = {0002-9637},
  year = {2003},
  DOI = {10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.169},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093831},
}