Puig-Girones R. auteur aut IRD Palmero-Iniesta M. auteur aut IRD Fernandes P. M. auteur aut IRD Oliveras Menor Imma auteur aut IRD Ascoli D. auteur aut IRD Kelly L. T. auteur aut IRD Charles-Dominique T. auteur aut IRD Regos A. auteur aut IRD Harrison S. auteur aut IRD Armenteras D. auteur aut IRD Brotons L. auteur aut IRD de-Miguel S. auteur aut IRD Spadoni G. L. auteur aut IRD Carmenta R. auteur aut IRD Machado M. auteur aut IRD Cardil A. auteur aut IRD Santos X. auteur aut IRD Erdozain M. auteur aut IRD Canaleta G. auteur aut IRD Berlinck C. N. auteur aut IRD Vilalta-Clapes Q. auteur aut IRD Mouillot Florent auteur aut IRD Salis M. auteur aut IRD Verdinelli M. auteur aut IRD Bacciu V. auteur aut IRD Pons P. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Novel fire regimes are emerging worldwide and pose substantial challenges to biodiversity conservation. Addressing these challenges and mitigating their impacts on biodiversity will require developing a wide range of fire management practices. In this paper, we leverage research across taxa, ecosystems and continents to highlight strategies for applying fire knowledge in biodiversity conservation. First, we define novel fire regimes and outline different fire management practices in contemporary landscapes from different parts of the world. Next, we synthesize recent research on fire use and biodiversity, and provide a decision-making framework for biodiversity conservation under novel fire regimes. We recommend that fire management strategies for preserving biodiversity should consider both social and ecological factors, iterative learning informed by effective monitoring, and developing and testing new management actions. An integrated approach to learning about fire and biodiversity will help to navigate the complexities of novel fire regimes and preserve biodiversity in a rapidly changing world. This article is part of the theme issue 'Novel fire regimes under climate changes and human influences: impacts, ecosystem responses and feedbacks'. specialized biodiversity conservation decision-making practices human-driven fire integrated fire management prescribed burning wildfire MONDE 082 021 380 1924 20230449 [13 p.] 2025 0962-8436 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093491 10.1098/rstb.2023.0449 0962-8436 [F B010093491] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093491 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-06/010093491.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-06-11 2025-11-04 fdi:010093491 fre