@article{fdi:010093417,
  title = {{C}ombining distance sampling and triangulation to estimate density of elusive rainforest vertebrates},
  author = {{T}heuerkauf, {J}. and {B}loc, {H}. and {A}ttisano, {A}. and {G}ula, {R}. and {J}ourdan, {H}erv{\'e} and {M}asello, {J}. {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{K}nowledge of the density of endangered or game species is important for conservation and management. {D}istance sampling and triangulation have been used in acoustic population estimates of primates and birds. {W}e tested a novel combination of these two methodologies to obtain a reliable density estimation of the {N}ew {C}aledonian imperial-pigeon {D}ucula goliath, which is both a traditional game and an emblematic endemic nearthreatened species. {W}e conducted 100 acoustic point counts in the {P}arc {P}rovincial des {G}randes {F}oug{\`e}res (45 km2) on mainland {N}ew {C}aledonia during which two observers simultaneously located calling imperial-pigeons by taking bearings during a 5-min interval. {W}e then used the locations obtained by triangulation for density estimation by distance sampling. {A}t the same time, we assessed the proportion of imperial-pigeons that called during the sampling interval. {T}his allowed us to obtain a corrected population density estimate that included the entire population and not just the calling birds. {T}he number of imperial-pigeons heard per listening point varied with time of day and between observers. {I}n contrast, distance sampling combined with triangulation provided similar estimates for the two observers. {D}uring the dry season, with a proportion of calling individuals of 60 %, the method estimated a corrected density of 35 imperial-pigeons/km2 (24-50 {CI}) and a population size of 1502 (1044-2159). {W}e developed a cheap and simple method to provide reliable density estimates of a wide range of species employing their vocalisations in tropical forests and that can be used by scientists and well-trained field workers alike.},
  keywords = {{A}coustic point counts ; {D}ensity estimate ; {D}istance sampling ; {P}opulation census ; {T}riangulation ; {T}ropical rainforest},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iological {C}onservation},
  volume = {306},
  numero = {},
  pages = {111133 [6 p.]},
  ISSN = {0006-3207},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111133},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093417},
}