@article{fdi:010093398,
  title = {{S}eismic imaging of the {E}cuadorian forearc and arc from joint ambient noise, local, and teleseismic tomography : catching the {N}azca slab in the act of flattening},
  author = {{R}odríguez, {E}. {E}. and {B}eck, {S}. {L}. and {M}eltzer, {A}. and {S}egovia, {M}. and {R}uíz, {M}. and {H}ernández, {S}. and {R}oecker, {S}. and {L}ynner, {C}. and {K}och, {C}. and {H}oskins, {M}. {C}. and {C}harvis, {P}hilippe and {A}gurto-{D}etzel, {H}. and {R}ietbrock, {A}. and {L}eón-{R}íos, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {E}cuadorian {A}ndes are a complex region characterized by accreted oceanic terranes driven by the ongoing subduction of the oceanic {N}azca plate beneath {S}outh {A}merica. {P}resent-day tectonics in {E}cuador are linked to the downgoing plate geometry featuring the subduction of the aseismic, oceanic {C}arnegie {R}idge, which is currently entering the trench. {U}sing seismic tomography, we jointly invert arrival times of {P} and {S} waves from local and teleseismic earthquakes with surface wave dispersion curves to image the structure of the forearc and magmatic arc of the {E}cuadorian {A}ndes. {O}ur data set includes > 100 000 traveltimes recorded at 294 stations across {E}cuador. {O}ur images show the basement of the central forearc is composed of accreted oceanic terranes with high elastic wave speeds. {I}nboard of the {C}arnegie {R}idge, the westernmost forearc and coastal cordilleras display relatively low {V}-p and {V}-s and high {V}-p/{V}-s values, which we attribute to the increased hydration and fracturing of the overriding plate due to the subduction of the thick oceanic crust of the {C}arnegie {R}idge. {W}e additionally image across-arc differences in magmatic architecture. {T}he frontal volcanic arc overlies accreted terranes and is characterized by low velocities and high {V}p/{V}s indicative of partial melt reservoirs which are limited to the upper crust. {I}n contrast, the main arc displays regions of partial melt across a wider range of depths. {T}he {S}ubandean zone of {E}cuador has two active volcanoes built on continental crust suggesting the arc is expanding eastwards. {T}he mid to lower crust does not show indications of being modified from the magmatic process. {W}e infer that the slab is in the process of flattening as a consequence of early-stage subduction of the buoyant {C}arnegie {R}idge.},
  keywords = {{C}omposition and structure of the continental crust ; {S}outh {A}merica ; {S}eismic tomography ; {C}ontinental margins: convergent ; {C}rustal structure ; {S}ubduction zone processes ; {EQUATEUR} ; {ANDES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {J}ournal {I}nternational},
  volume = {241},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {1552--1571},
  ISSN = {0956-540{X}},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1093/gji/ggaf120},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093398},
}