@article{fdi:010093248,
  title = {{HIV}-1 drug resistance mutations : potential applications for point-of-care genotypic resistance testing},
  author = {{R}hee, {S}.{Y}. and {J}ordan, {M}.{R}. and {R}aizes, {E}. and {C}hua, {A}. and {P}arkin, {N}. and {K}antor, {R}. and {V}an {Z}yl, {G}.{U}. and {M}ukui, {I}. and {H}osseinipour, {M}.{C}. and {F}renkel, {L}.{M}. and {N}dembi, {N}. and {H}amers, {R}.{L}. and {R}inke de {W}it, {T}.{F}. and {W}allis, {C}.{L}. and {G}upta, {R}.{K}. and {F}okam, {J}. and {Z}eh, {C}. and {S}chapiro, {J}.{M}. and {C}armona, {S}. and {K}atzenstein, {D}. and {T}ang, {M}. and {A}ghokeng {F}obang, {A}velin and de {O}liveira, {T}. and {W}ensing, {A}.{M}.{J}. and {G}allant, {J}.{E}. and {W}ainberg, {M}.{A}. and {R}ichman, {D}.{D}. and {F}itzgibbon, {J}.{E}. and {S}chito, {M}. and {B}ertagnolio, {S}. and {Y}ang, {C}. and {S}hafer, {R}.{W}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he increasing prevalence of acquired and transmitted {HIV}-1 drug resistance is an obstacle to successful antiretroviral therapy ({ART}) in the low- and middle-income countries ({LMIC}s) hardest hit by the {HIV}-1 pandemic. {G}enotypic drug resistance testing could facilitate the choice of initial {ART} in areas with rising transmitted drug resistance ({TDR}) and enable care-providers to determine which individuals with virological failure ({VF}) on a first-or second-line {ART} regimen require a change in treatment. {A}n inexpensive near point-of-care ({POC}) genotypic resistance test would be useful in settings where the resources, capacity, and infrastructure to perform standard genotypic drug resistance testing are limited. {S}uch a test would be particularly useful in conjunction with the {POC} {HIV}-1 viral load tests that are currently being introduced in {LMIC}s. {A} {POC} genotypic resistance test is likely to involve the use of allele-specific point mutation assays for detecting drug-resistance mutations ({DRM}s). {T}his study proposes that two major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ({NRTI})-associated {DRM}s ({M}184{V} and {K}65{R}) and four major {NNRTI}-associated {DRM}s ({K}103{N}, {Y}181{C}, {G}190{A}, and {V}106{M}) would be the most useful for {POC} genotypic resistance testing in {LMIC} settings. {O}ne or more of these six {DRM}s was present in 61.2% of analyzed virus sequences from {ART}-naive individuals with intermediate or high-level {TDR} and 98.8% of analyzed virus sequences from individuals on a first-line {NRTI}/{NNRTI}-containing regimen with intermediate or high-level acquired drug resistance. {T}he detection of one or more of these {DRM}s in an {ART}-naive individual or in a individual with {VF} on a first-line {NRTI}/{NNRTI}-containing regimen may be considered an indication for a protease inhibitor ({PI})-containing regimen or closer virological monitoring based on cost-effectiveness or country policy.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {e0145772 [17 ]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0145772},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093248},
}