Le Clec'h S. auteur aut IRD Jégou N. auteur aut IRD de Sartre Xavier A. auteur aut IRD Decaens T. auteur aut IRD Dufour S. auteur aut IRD Grimaldi Michel auteur aut IRD Oszwald J. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access In tropical forests farmers are among the most important agents of deforestation. At the interface between societies and their environment, ecosystem services (ES) is an integrated working framework through which natural and anthropogenic dimensions can be addressed. Here, we aimed to understand to what extent farmers impact ES availability. Based on case studies in three locations in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, we performed statistical analyses at 135 sampling points and 110 farms to link socioeconomic and ES data, both derived from field work. The socioeconomic data characterized agricultural production, sociological characteristics, and quality of life. ES data were obtained from statistical analyses that yielded a multiple ES indicator for each sampling point and farm. Our results produced three main findings: first, the establishment of ES associations is due more to agricultural production characteristics than to sociological and quality-of-life factors. Second, the impact of agricultural production on ES availability depends on the level of total incomes. An increase in incomes causes a decrease in the forest cover that provides many ES and an increase in other areas that provide fewer ES. Finally, our analyses show a very strong site effect that probably expresses the heterogeneity of the biophysical contexts, but also the importance for ES availability of the historical depth of deforestation and/or the role of specific public policies. Finding ways of producing an alternative impact on ES availability and establishing specific ES associations will therefore depend more on changes in the global political context than in individual practices. specialized BRESIL AMAZONIE ZONE TROPICALE 098 021 082 61 5 772-785 2018 0364-152X https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093186 10.1007/s00267-018-1004-y 0364-152X [F B010093186] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093186 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2025-03/010093186.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-03-07 2025-03-13 fdi:010093186 fre