@article{fdi:010093164,
  title = {{T}he new historical flood of 2021 in the {A}mazon {R}iver compared to major floods of the 21st century : atmospheric features in the context of the intensification of floods},
  author = {{E}spinoza, {J}han-{C}arlo and {M}arengo, {J}.{A}. and {S}chongart, {J}. and {J}imenez, {J}.{C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {J}une 2021 a new extreme flood was reported in the {A}mazon {B}asin, the largest hydrological system on {E}arth. {D}uring this event water level was above 29 m (the emergency threshold) for 91 days at {M}anaus station ({B}razil), surpassing even the previous historical flood of 2012. {S}ince the late 1990s, 9 extreme floods occurred, while only 8 events were reported from 1903 to 1998. {H}ere we report that the 2021 flood is associated with an intensification of the atmospheric upward motion in the northern {A}mazonia (5°{S}-5°{N}), which is related to an intensification of the {W}alker circulations. {T}his atmospheric feature is associated with an enhanced of deep convective clouds and intense rainfall over the northern {A}mazonia that produce positive anomalies of terrestrial water storage over northern {A}mazonia in the 2021 austral summer. {T}he intensification of {W}alker circulation is associated with {L}a {N}iña conditions that characterize the major floods observed in {A}mazonia during the 21st century (2009, 2012 and 2021). {H}owever, during the 2021 an intensification of the continental {H}adley circulation is also observed. {T}his feature produces simultaneous dry conditions over southern and southeastern {A}mazonia, where negative rainfall anomalies, low frequency of deep convective clouds and negative anomalies of terrestrial water storage are observed.},
  keywords = {{AMAZONIE} ; {AMAZONE} {FLEUVE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{W}eather and {C}limates {E}xtremes},
  volume = {35},
  numero = {},
  pages = {100406 [12 ]},
  ISSN = {2212-0947},
  year = {2022},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.wace.2021.100406},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093164},
}