Vu Hai Vinh auteur aut IRD Vallo R. auteur aut IRD Hoang Thi Giang auteur aut IRD Duong Thi Huong auteur aut IRD Khuat Thi Hai Oanh auteur aut IRD Pham Minh Khue auteur aut IRD Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh auteur aut IRD Quillet C. auteur aut IRD Rapoud D. auteur aut IRD Michel L. auteur aut IRD Van de Perre P. auteur aut IRD Feelemyer J. auteur aut IRD Moles J.P. auteur aut IRD Cournil Amandine auteur aut IRD Des Jarlais D. auteur aut IRD Laureillard D. auteur aut IRD Nagot N. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Objective: To estimate the residual mortality rate among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Low-Middle Income Countries context where the HIV epidemic has been controlled and methadone coverage is high. Study design and setting: PWID from Haiphong, Vietnam, were recruited through three annual respondent-driven sampling surveys that fueled two cohorts of PWID with HIV ( n = 761) and without HIV ( n = 897), with bi-annual follow-up. Presumed causes of death were ascertained from medical records and/or interviews of participants family. Results: Among the 1658 participants with a median follow-up of 2 years, 67 and 36 died in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohort, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 4.3 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 3.3-5.4) per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) and 1.9 (CI: 1.4-2.6) per 100 PYFU. In the HIV-positive cohort, in which 81% of participants had undetectable viral load, the two main causes of death were tuberculosis and HIV-related diseases. In the HIV-negative cohort, the two main causes of death were liver-related diseases and overdose. In a time-dependent multivariable model, "unsuppressed viral load" was associated with increased risk of mortality, whereas "being on methadone" or "being employed" was associated with a lower risk. Conclusion: Despite a very successful HIV and methadone program, the mortality remains high among PWID in Vietnam, largely due to curable infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. specialized VIET NAM HAIPHONG 050MEDECI 052MALTRA03 139 38-48 2021 0895-4356 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093137 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.07.007 0895-4356 [F B010093137] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093137 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-04/010093137.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-02-27 2025-04-02 fdi:010093137 fre