Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 38-48 VIET NAM HAIPHONG 2021 fdi:010093137 ENG Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 0895-4356 ISI:000703200600005 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.07.007 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010093137 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-04/010093137.pdf 139 Horizon (IRD) Objective: To estimate the residual mortality rate among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Low-Middle Income Countries context where the HIV epidemic has been controlled and methadone coverage is high. Study design and setting: PWID from Haiphong, Vietnam, were recruited through three annual respondent-driven sampling surveys that fueled two cohorts of PWID with HIV ( n = 761) and without HIV ( n = 897), with bi-annual follow-up. Presumed causes of death were ascertained from medical records and/or interviews of participants family. Results: Among the 1658 participants with a median follow-up of 2 years, 67 and 36 died in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative cohort, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 4.3 (95% Confidence interval (CI): 3.3-5.4) per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) and 1.9 (CI: 1.4-2.6) per 100 PYFU. In the HIV-positive cohort, in which 81% of participants had undetectable viral load, the two main causes of death were tuberculosis and HIV-related diseases. In the HIV-negative cohort, the two main causes of death were liver-related diseases and overdose. In a time-dependent multivariable model, "unsuppressed viral load" was associated with increased risk of mortality, whereas "being on methadone" or "being employed" was associated with a lower risk. Conclusion: Despite a very successful HIV and methadone program, the mortality remains high among PWID in Vietnam, largely due to curable infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. 050MEDECI ; 052MALTRA03