@article{fdi:010092972,
  title = {{D}iminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development},
  author = {{NCD} {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration and {M}artin-{P}r{\'e}vel, {Y}ves and et al.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}ptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being. {H}ere we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index ({BMI}) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 - years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. {I}n 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. {B}y 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. {T}he exception was for boys in most countries in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and in some countries in {O}ceania, south {A}sia and the region of central {A}sia, {M}iddle {E}ast and north {A}frica. {I}n these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. {T}he difference between the age-standardized mean {BMI} of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. {W}ithin this small range, {BMI} increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south {A}sia, sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and some countries in central and eastern {E}urope. {O}ur results show that in much





of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-{S}aharan {A}frica they have amplified.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ature},
  volume = {615},
  numero = {7954},
  pages = {874--883},
  ISSN = {0028-0836},
  year = {2023},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092972},
}