@article{fdi:010092971,
  title = {{H}eight and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories : a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants},
  author = {{NCD} {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration and {M}artin-{P}r{\'e}vel, {Y}ves and et al.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {C}omparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. {W}e aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index ({BMI}), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. {M}ethods: {F}or this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the {N}on-{C}ommunicable {D}isease {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration. {W}e applied a {B}ayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean {BMI} in 1-year age groups for ages 5-19 years. {T}he model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean {BMI} and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. {F}indings: {W}e pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. {I}n 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the {N}etherlands, {M}ontenegro, {E}stonia, and {B}osnia and {H}erzegovina for boys; and the {N}etherlands, {M}ontenegro, {D}enmark, and {I}celand for girls) and those with the shortest populations ({T}imor-{L}este, {L}aos, {S}olomon {I}slands, and {P}apua {N}ew {G}uinea for boys; and {G}uatemala, {B}angladesh, {N}epal, and {T}imor-{L}este for girls). {I}n the same year, the difference between the highest mean {BMI} (in {P}acific island countries, {K}uwait, {B}ahrain, {T}he {B}ahamas, {C}hile, the {USA}, and {N}ew {Z}ealand for both boys and girls and in {S}outh {A}frica for girls) and lowest mean {BMI} (in {I}ndia, {B}angladesh, {T}imor-{L}este, {E}thiopia, and {C}had for boys and girls; and in {J}apan and {R}omania for girls) was approximately 9-10 kg/m2. {I}n some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or {BMI} than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in {A}ustria and {B}arbados, and girls in {B}elgium and {P}uerto {R}ico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in {K}uwait, {B}ahrain, {F}iji, {J}amaica, and {M}exico; and girls in {S}outh {A}frica and {N}ew {Z}ealand). {I}n other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, {L}atvia, {C}zech {R}epublic, {M}orocco, and {I}ran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, {I}taly, {F}rance, and {C}roatia) in late childhood and adolescence. {W}hen changes in both height and {BMI} were considered, girls in {S}outh {K}orea, {V}ietnam, {S}audi {A}rabia, {T}urkey, and some central {A}sian countries (eg, {A}rmenia and {A}zerbaijan), and boys in central and western {E}urope (eg, {P}ortugal, {D}enmark, {P}oland, and {M}ontenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in {BMI}. {T}he unhealthiest changes-gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both-occurred in many countries in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, {N}ew {Z}ealand, and the {USA} for boys and girls; in {M}alaysia and some {P}acific island nations for boys; and in {M}exico for girls. {I}nterpretation: {T}he height and {BMI} trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}he {L}ancet},
  volume = {396},
  numero = {10261},
  pages = {1511--1524},
  ISSN = {0140-6736},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31859-6},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092971},
}