@article{fdi:010092956,
  title = {{S}patio-temporal variability in {CO}2 fluxes in the {A}tlantic {S}ector of the {S}outhern {O}cean},
  author = {de {C}arvalho, {G}. {T}. and {P}ezzi, {L}. {P}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and {R}odrigues, {C}. {C}. {F}. and {S}antini, {M}. {F}. and {M}ejia, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {S}outhern {O}cean ({SO}) plays a fundamental role in the planet's climate system, due to its ability to absorb and redistribute heat and {CO}2 (an important greenhouse gas). {I}n addition, the {SO} connects three large oceanic basins the {P}acific, the {A}tlantic, and the {I}ndian {O}ceans, and it has an important role in the nutrient distribution in these oceans. {H}owever, the {SO} is poorly sampled, with most measurements made in austral spring and summer. {T}he variability in the air-sea {CO}2 flux is estimated, as well as the role of atmospheric and oceanic variables in this variability. {T}he {CO}2 fluxes are calculated using the bulk parameterization method, in the {A}tlantic sector of the {S}outhern {O}cean, from 2003 to 2022, using in situ measurements, satellites, and a reanalysis data set. {A} neural network model is built to produce maps of the partial pressure of {CO}2 in seawater (p{CO}(2sea)). {T}he {CO}2 flux varies from -0.05 to 0.05 g{C} m(-2) month(-1). {T}he {A}tlantic sector of the {SO} is a sink of {CO}2 in summer and spring and becomes a source in austral winter and autumn. {T}he {CO}2 absorption intensifies from 2003 to 2022 by 7.6 mmol m(-2) month(-1), due to stronger westerly winds, related to the trend in the positive phase of the {A}ntarctic {O}scillation and the extreme {E}l {N}iño {S}outhern {O}cean ({ENSO}) events (e.g., {E}l {N}iño and {L}a {N}i ña).},
  keywords = {air-sea interaction ; {CO}2 flux ; variability of {CO}2 fluxes ; {A}tlantic {O}cean ; {S}outhern {O}cean ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {AUSTRAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmosphere},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {319 [19 p.]},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.3390/atmos16030319},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092956},
}