Baletaud F. auteur aut IRD Villon Sébastien auteur aut IRD Gilbert A. auteur aut IRD Côme J. M. auteur aut IRD Fiat Sylvie auteur aut IRD Iovan Corina auteur aut IRD Vigliola Laurent auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Deep-sea demersal fisheries in the Pacific have strong commercial, cultural, and recreational value, especially snappers (Lutjanidae) which make the bulk of catches. Yet, managing these fisheries is challenging due to the scarcity of data. Stereo-Baited Remote Underwater Video Stations (BRUVS) can provide valuable quantitative information on fish stocks, but manually processing large amounts of videos is time-consuming and sometimes unrealistic. To address this issue, we used a Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN), a deep learning architecture to automatically detect, identify and count deep-water snappers in BRUVS. Videos were collected in New Caledonia (South Pacific) at depths ranging from 47 to 552 m. Using a dataset of 12,100 annotations from 11 deep-water snapper species observed in 6,364 images, we obtained good model performance for the 6 species with sufficient annotations (F-measures >0.7, up to 0.87). The correlation between automatic and manual estimates of fish MaxN abundance in videos was high (0.72 - 0.9), but the Faster R-CNN showed an underestimation bias at higher abundances. A semi-automatic protocol where our model supported manual observers in processing BRUVS footage improved performance with a correlation of 0.96 with manual counts and a perfect match (R=1) for some key species. This model can already assist manual observers to semi-automatically process BRUVS footage and will certainly improve when more training data will be available to decrease the rate of false negatives. This study further shows that the use of artificial intelligence in marine science is progressive but warranted for the future. specialized deep-water snapper fisheries artificial intelligence semi-automatic BRUVS faster R-CNN NOUVELLE CALEDONIE PACIFIQUE SUD 040 122 034 12 1476616 [ p.] 2025 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092807 10.3389/fmars.2025.1476616 [F B010092807] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092807 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-04/010092807.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-04-02 2025-04-02 fdi:010092807 fre