@article{fdi:010092794,
  title = {{P}rovenance of lead ores used for water pipes production in the ancient {R}oman {G}aul ({V}ienne, {F}rance)},
  author = {{H}eredia, {C}. and {G}u{\'e}dron, {S}t{\'e}phane and {G}ourlan, {A}. {T}. and {H}elly, {B}. and {D}elile, {H}. and {C}alzolari, {L}. and {C}ampillo, {S}. and {S}antenac, {S}. and {A}udin, {L}aurence and {T}elouk, {P}. and {A}lbarede, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he urban fabric of {R}oman cities developed through the installation of water supply networks, mainly made of lead ({P}b). {I}n {G}aul, the city of {V}ienne ({F}rance) was central to the manufacturing of {P}b artifacts, including large volumes of {P}b water pipes. {A}lthough {P}b artifacts were often labeled with {R}oman-period stamps indicating the location of manufacturing, our knowledge of the provenance of extracted {P}b ore and the way they were imported remains limited. {I}n this study, {R}oman-period artifacts were analyzed for {P}b isotope signatures to document the source of {P}b ore used in {V}ienne's manufactories. {L}ead isotope signatures were then compared with new local {P}b ores data and an updated {P}b isotope database using a new algorithm to identify the provenance of {P}b. {R}esults indicate that {P}b used for artifact manufacturing at {V}ienne originates mainly from a single source. {D}ata treatment with the new algorithm identifies the {R}henish {M}assif and the {P}ennines mining regions as the primary and most probable source, but some artifacts exhibit a similar isotope composition to that of local {P}b ores. {T}he similarity of the {P}b isotopic signatures of the artifacts produced in {V}ienne with those of {M}ainz pipes and lead ingots from the {R}henish massif, as well as the synchronicity of the mining periods in this region, support the {R}henish {M}assif as the most likely source of {P}b for {V}ienne. {F}inally, we propose the {R}hine and {S}aone {R}ivers as the most probable {P}b ores conveyance routes to {V}ienne during the {R}oman {P}eriod.},
  keywords = {{L}ead ; {P}ollution ; {R}oman ; {P}ipe ; {L}ead isotopes ; {FRANCE} ; {VIENNE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{Q}uaternary {S}cience {R}eviews},
  volume = {353},
  numero = {},
  pages = {109227 [10 p.]},
  ISSN = {0277-3791},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109227},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092794},
}