@article{fdi:010092778,
  title = {{I}ncidence of loiasis clinical manifestations in a rural area of the {R}epublic of {C}ongo : results from a longitudinal prospective study (the {M}or{L}o project)},
  author = {{C}ampillo, {J}{\'e}r{\'e}my and {P}akat-{P}ambou, {B}. {M}. and {S}ahm, {B}achiratou and {P}ion, {S}{\'e}bastien and {H}emilembolo, {M}. {C}. and {L}ebredonchel, {E}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel and {M}issamou, {F}. and {C}hesnais, {C}{\'e}dric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {L}oiasis is endemic in {C}entral {A}frica. {D}espite evidence of clinical complications and increased mortality, it remains excluded from the list of neglected tropical diseases. {T}he main manifestations are {C}alabar swellings ({CS}), {E}yeworm ({EW}) and non-specific general symptoms such arthralgia and pruritus. {W}e calculated incidence rates for clinical manifestations of loiasis from a 13-month study on clinical manifestations in 991 individuals living in {L}oa loa-endemic areas in the {R}epublic of {C}ongo. {M}ethodology {F}rom {S}eptember 2022 to {S}eptember 2023, community health workers collected weekly symptoms from cohort participants. {D}etailed data on symptom duration, intensity, associated pruritus, and impact on sleep were recorded. {L}aboratory procedures included thick blood smear for {L}. loa microfilaremia measurement, creatininemia measurement and eosinophilia counts. {W}e used multiple failure analysis and frailty models to calculate incidence rates of {EW}, {CS}, arthralgia, pruritus and absence from work ({A}f{W}) and to analyses factors associated with increased incidence of each symptom. {T}he population-attributable fractions ({PAF}s) associated with loiasis were also calculated for pruritus, {A}f{W} and arthralgia.{P}rincipal findings {A}mong the studied manifestations, arthralgia had the highest incidence rate at 555.2 cases per 1000 {P}erson-{Y}ear ({PY}), followed by pruritus (332.3 cases/1000 {PY}), {A}f{W} (298.6/1000 {PY}), {EW} (266.4/1000 {PY}), and {CS} (213.8/1000 {PY}). {N}otably, the incidence rates of {CS}, pruritus, arthralgia, and {A}f{W} were statistically significantly higher in the subgroup of individuals who experienced at least one episode of {EW} during the follow-up period. {EW} occurrence is more frequent when microfilaremia is present. {T}he {PAF}s of {A}f{W}, pruritus and arthralgia, associated with loiasis was 18.0% [07.3-27.6], 20.8% [11.6-29.1] and 12.1% [3.1-20.1], respectively.{C}onclusion/significance {T}his is the first study to provide incidence rates for the clinical manifestations of loiasis. {T}hese estimates are crucial for assessing the burden of loiasis. {T}he findings highlight the disease's impact on quality of life.},
  keywords = {{CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {e0012868 [18 p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0012868},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092778},
}