@article{fdi:010092754,
  title = {{T}emporal dynamics of the soil resistome and microbiome irrigated with treated wastewater containing clarithromycin},
  author = {{D}ella-{N}egra, {O}. and {B}astos, {M}. {C}. and {B}ru-{A}dan, {V}. and {S}anta-{C}atalina, {G}. and {A}it-{M}ouheb, {N}. and {C}hiron, {S}erge and {P}atureau, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}larithromycin, a common antibiotic found in domestic wastewater, persists even after treatment and can transfer to soils when treated wastewater ({TWW}) is used for irrigation. {T}his residual antibiotic may exert selection pressure, promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance. {W}hile {P}redicted {N}o {E}ffect {C}oncentrations ({PNEC}s) are used in liquid media to predict resistance risks, {PNEC} values for soils, especially for clarithromycin, are lacking. {T}hus, this study aimed to assess clarithromycin's fate and its concentration threshold affecting soil microbial communities and macrolide resistance genes. {T}he study used a soil microcosm approach with {TWW} containing clarithromycin at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg(dry soil) over a three-month period. {R}esults showed clarithromycin persisted with limited degradation, likely due to strong adsorption to soil particles. {T}wo transformation products were identified: decladinose-{CLA} (abiotic degradation) and phosphate-{CLA} (bacterial phosphotransferase activity). {S}oil bacterial communities were more influenced by {TWW} than by clarithromycin itself, as its antimicrobial effect was reduced due to adsorption. {W}hile clarithromycin did not significantly affect the abundance of resistance genes like intl1, mph{A}, and ere{A}, concentrations above 0.01 mg/kg increased the erm{B} gene abundance during the first week. {T}he mef{A} gene (macrolide efflux pump) showed a hormetic effect: low doses (<0.1 mg/kg) increased gene abundance, while higher doses (>0.5 mg/kg) inhibited gene transfer or the bacteria carrying it. {T}his study performed under controlled conditions provided insights into antibiotic resistance dynamics in soils exposed to clarithromycin, highlighting key concentration thresholds influencing resistance spread in soils.},
  keywords = {{C}larithromycin ; {T}reated wastewater ; {A}ntibiotic resistance gene ; {S}oil microbial communities ; {FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {R}esearch},
  volume = {270},
  numero = {},
  pages = {120954 [12 ]},
  ISSN = {0013-9351},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120954},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092754},
}