@article{fdi:010092700,
  title = {{H}ow well do {AMIP}6 and {CMIP}6 reproduce the specific extreme {E}l {N}ino teleconnections to {N}orth {A}merica ?},
  author = {{B}eniche, {M}. and {V}ialard, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {L}engaigne, {M}atthieu and {H}all, {N}. {M}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}xtreme {E}l {N}ino events (e.g., 1982-1983, 1997-1998) are characterized by strong, eastward-shifted warm {S}ea {S}urface {T}emperature anomalies, and a southward migration of the eastern {P}acific {I}nter-{T}ropical {C}onvergence {Z}one ({ITCZ}) to the equator. {U}sing an ensemble simulation with a single {AMIP}6 model, {B}eniche et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52580-9) suggested that such events uniquely yield an eastward shift of the {P}acific-{N}orth {A}merican ({PNA}) teleconnection pattern, with specific impacts over {N}orth {A}merica. {H}ere, we first examine the robustness of these results in 135 ensemble members from 23 different {AMIP}6 models. {T}he specific, eastward-shifted extreme {E}l {N}ino teleconnection pattern is robust in all models but one. {I}t is also highly reproducible across years and ensemble members, due to stronger teleconnection amplitude than that of internal atmospheric noise. {T}his yields specific, predictable impacts (defined as > 0.5 {STD}) such as warm conditions over {N}ortheast {A}merica (69% chances), and wet anomalies over {C}alifornia (77%) and {F}lorida (97%). {W}e then show that 26 out of the 42 {CMIP}6 models we examined reproduce extreme {E}l {N}ino events, defined as {E}l {N}ino events associated with large eastern {P}acific rainfall anomalies. {T}hese models tend to have a weaker cold tongue bias than the rest of {CMIP}6. {D}espite a degradation in performance from {AMIP}6 to {CMIP}6, 18 out of the 26 selected models capture the specific extreme {E}l {N}ino teleconnections, albeit with some underestimation of wet anomalies over {C}alifornia and {F}lorida. {W}e end by discussing implications for future {N}orth {A}merican climate projections based on {CMIP}6.},
  keywords = {extreme {E}l {N}iño ; {N}orth {A}merican climate ; {ENSO} teleconnections ; {AMIP}6-{CMIP}6 ; {AMERIQUE} {DU} {NORD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {A}tmospheres},
  volume = {130},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e2024{JD}041740 [21 ]},
  ISSN = {2169-897{X}},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.1029/2024jd041740},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092700},
}