Ploin D. auteur aut IRD Alexandre M. auteur aut IRD Ventelou B. auteur aut IRD Che D. auteur aut IRD Coignard B. auteur aut IRD Boulanger N. auteur aut IRD Burucoa C. auteur aut IRD Caron F. auteur aut IRD Gallian P. auteur aut IRD Hansmann Y. auteur aut IRD Lienhardt Christian auteur aut IRD Minodie P. auteur aut IRD Partouche H. auteur aut IRD Revest M. auteur aut IRD Saidani N. auteur aut IRD Salvat G. auteur aut IRD Vignier N. auteur aut IRD Floreani S. auteur aut IRD Henry S. auteur aut IRD Pozzetto B. auteur aut IRD Hoen B. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Background: Within the International Health Regulations framework, the French High Council for Public Health was mandated in 2022 by health authori-ties to establish a list of priority infectious diseases for public health, surveillance and research in mainland and overseas France. Aim: Our objective was to estab-lish this list. Methods: A multi-criteria decision analy-sis was used, as recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. A list of 95 entities (infectious diseases or groups of these, including the World Health Organization (WHO)-labelled 'Disease X') was established by 17 infectious disease experts. Ten criteria were defined to score entities: incidence rate, case fatality rate, potential for emergence and spread, impact on the individual, on society, on socially vul-nerable groups, on the healthcare system, and need for new preventive tools, new curative therapies, and surveillance. Each criterion was assigned a relative weight by 77 multidisciplinary experts. For each entity, 98 physicians from various specialties rated each cri-terion against the entity, using a four-class Likert-type scale; the ratings were converted into numeric val-ues with a nonlinear scale and respectively weighted to calculate the entity score. Results: Fifteen entities were ranked as high-priorities, including Disease X and 14 known pathologies (e.g. haemorrhagic fevers, various respiratory viral infections, arboviral infec-tions, multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, inva-sive meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases, prion diseases, rabies, and tuberculosis). Conclusion: The priority entities agreed with those of the WHO in 2023; almost all were currently covered by the French surveillance and alert system. Repeating this analysis periodically would keep the list updated specialized FRANCE 050 29 50 2400074 [13 ] 2024 1025-496X https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092696 10.2807/1560-7917.Es.2024.29.50.2400074 1025-496X [F B010092696] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092696 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-03/010092696.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2025-03-12 2025-11-21 fdi:010092696 fre