@article{fdi:010092656,
  title = {{M}elt inclusion bubbles provide new insights into crystallisation depths and {CO}2 systematics at {S}oufri{\`e}re {H}ills {V}olcano, {M}ontserrat},
  author = {{H}owe, {T}. {A}. and {C}hristopher, {T}. {E}. and {M}oune, {S}. and {T}uffen, {H}. and {S}chiavi, {F}ederica},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}mproved understanding of the magmatic system of {S}oufri{\`e}re {H}ills {V}olcano, {M}ontserrat ({SHV}) is needed to inform future hazard management strategy, and remaining uncertainties include the depth of magma storage and the source of ongoing gas emissions. {E}ruptive activity between 1995 and 2010 has been proposed to be sourced from either a dual chamber or transcrustal mush-based magmatic system, with volatile solubility models using {H}2{O} and {CO}2 from melt inclusion ({MI}) glass estimating depths of 5-6 km. {T}o date, published {SHV} {MI} volatile data have neglected the vapour bubbles now known to sequester the bulk of {MI} magmatic carbon. {T}otal {CO}2 concentrations in {SHV} magma are therefore underestimated, together with volatile-derived entrapment pressures and inferred magma storage depths. {H}ere, we present a new dataset of volatile ({H}2{O} and total {CO}2) and major element concentrations in plagioclase- and orthopyroxene-hosted {SHV} {MI}, that span almost all of the eruptive activity ({P}hases 1, 2, 4, and 5), and include the first measurement of bubble-hosted {CO}2 for {SHV} and indeed the {L}esser {A}ntilles {A}rc. {A}nalyses were conducted using {R}aman spectroscopy, ion microprobe, and electron probe analysis. {D}acitic-rhyolitic {MI} occur within andesitic whole rock compositions. {V}olatiles in {MI} glass are similar to published studies ({H}2{O} 2.47-7.26 wt%; {CO}2 13-1243 ppm). {H}owever, bubble-hosted {CO}2 contributes 9-3,145 ppm, to total inclusion {CO}2 with 5%-99% (median 90%) of {CO}2 sequestered within bubbles, and total {CO}2 concentrations (131-3,230 ppm) are significantly higher than previously published values. {I}nferred entrapment depths from our dataset range from 5.7 to 17 km - far greater than previous estimates - and support a vertically elongated magmatic system where crystallisation spanned both upper- and mid-crustal depths. {O}ur {CO}2 measurements enable new estimation of {CO}2 sources and fluxes. {A}s a total of 4.5 {M}t of {CO}2 was held in {SHV} magma during the aforementioned phases, the maximum amount of {CO}2 that can be emitted from a batch of {SHV} magma is similar to 1500-1750 tonnes/day. {M}easured {CO}2 fluxes are significantly higher, indicating additional input of {CO}2 into the system from greater depths. {O}ur study shows that including bubble-hosted {CO}2 redefines understanding of the {SHV} plumbing system.},
  keywords = {carbon dioxide ; volatile content ; volatile emissions ; magma mush ; {R}aman spectroscopy ; vapour bubble ; {MONTSERRAT} ; {PETITES} {ANTILLES} ; {SOUFRIERE} {VOLCAN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {E}arth {S}cience},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {},
  pages = {1509409 [27 p.]},
  year = {2025},
  DOI = {10.3389/feart.2024.1509409},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092656},
}