@article{fdi:010092035,
  title = {{S}urface energy and mass balance of {M}era {G}lacier ({N}epal, {C}entral {H}imalaya) and their sensitivity to temperature and precipitation},
  author = {{K}hadka, {A}. and {B}run, {F}anny and {W}agnon, {P}atrick and {S}hrestha, {D}. and {S}herpa, {T}. {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he sensitivity of glacier mass balance to temperature and precipitation variations is crucial for informing models that simulate glaciers' response to climate change. {I}n this study, we simulate the glacier-wide mass balance of {M}era {G}lacier with a surface energy-balance model, driven by in situ meteorological data, from 2016 to 2020. {T}he analysis of the share of the energy fluxes of the glacier shows the radiative fluxes account for almost all the energy available during the melt season ({M}ay-{O}ctober). {H}owever, turbulent fluxes are significant outside the monsoon ({J}une-{S}eptember). {O}n an annual scale, melt is the dominant mass flux at all elevations, but 44% of the melt refreezes across the glacier. {B}y reshuffling the available observations, we create 180 synthetic series of hourly meteorological forcings to force the model over a wide range of plausible climate conditions. {A} +1 (-1)degrees {C} change in temperature results in a - 0.75 +/- 0.17 (+0.93 +/- 0.18) m w.e. change in glacier-wide mass balance and a +20 (-20)% change in precipitation results in a +0.52 +/- 0.10 (-0.60 +/- 0.11) m w.e. change. {O}ur study highlights the need for physical-based approaches to produce consistent forcing datasets, and calls for more meteorological and glaciological measurements in {H}igh {M}ountain {A}sia.},
  keywords = {energy balance ; glacier mass balance ; mountain glaciers ; {NEPAL} ; {HIMALAYA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}laciology},
  volume = {70},
  numero = {},
  pages = {e80 [22 ]},
  ISSN = {0022-1430},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1017/jog.2024.42},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010092035},
}