@article{fdi:010091942,
  title = {{U}naccountable counting : the folly of incorporating open ocean carbon sinks in {N}ationally {D}etermined {C}ontributions},
  author = {{B}erger, {M}. and {C}omte, {A}drien and {K}wiatkowski, {L}. and {B}opp, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he national climate action plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions, referred to as {N}ationally {D}etermined {C}ontributions ({NDC}s), currently include anthropogenic land-based carbon fluxes but typically exclude open ocean carbon sinks within {E}xclusive {E}conomic {Z}ones ({EEZ}s). {H}ere, we utilise a high-resolution global ocean biogeochemical model alongside available observations to illustrate why including {EEZ} carbon sinks in {NDC}s would be both conceptually and practically highly problematic. {T}o demonstrate this, we focus on the case of the {F}rench {EEZ}, where we simulate an anthropogenic carbon sink of 0.21 {G}t{CO}2<middle dot>yr-1 2 <middle dot>yr -1 over the past decade, representing nearly 50% of {F}rance's territorial greenhouse gas emissions over the same period. {H}owever, it should be noted that this anthropogenic carbon uptake results from the physical and biogeochemical properties of water masses, rather than from human management practices. {A}dditionally, the {EEZ} oceanic carbon sink is already considered in estimates of remaining carbon budgets to meet the goals of the {P}aris {A}greement. {T}herefore, integrating these fluxes into {NDC}s would lead to inconsistency between national objectives and global climate goals. {W}e argue that to identify the additionality of management measures aimed at enhancing the anthropogenic carbon sink in {EEZ} waters, robust assessments of the baseline carbon sink and how it would have evolved without intervention will be needed. {A}s we show, this is complicated by the spatially and temporally dynamic nature of ocean carbon fluxes. {M}ore fundamentally, there is no colocalization between air-sea fluxes and the subsequent sequestration of carbon in the ocean due to circulation and mixing. {C}onsequently, the measurement, reporting, and verification requirements for national stocktakes would be highly challenging. {M}oreover, as fluxes predominantly occur in the high latitude oceans and sequestration in the subtropics, the national allocation of credits would involve contentious issues of equity and justice.},
  keywords = {{O}cean carbon sink ; {N}ationally {D}etermined {C}ontributions ; {E}xclusive ; {E}conomic {Z}ones ; {C}limate change ; {M}itigation ; {FRANCE} ; {MONDE} ; {DOM} ; {TOM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}omptes {R}endus {G}eoscience},
  volume = {356},
  numero = {},
  pages = {[15 p.]},
  ISSN = {1631-0713},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.5802/crgeos.271},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091942},
}