@article{fdi:010091925,
  title = {{D}eep regolith weathering controls delta30 {S}i composition of groundwater under contrasting landuse in tropical watersheds},
  author = {{K}avil, {S}. {P}. and {R}iotte, {J}ean and {C}hakrabarti, {R}. and {D}apoigny, {A}. and {V}aury, {V}. and {R}uiz, {L}. and {C}ardinal, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}and use changes are known to alter terrestrial silicon cycling and the export of dissolved silicon from soil to fluvial systems, but the impact of such changes on groundwater systems remain unclear. {I}n order to identify the processes responsible for groundwater geochemistry and to assess the impact of agricultural processes, we examined multiple isotopic tracers (? {S}i-30, oxygen (? {O}-18) and hydrogen (? {H}-2) isotopes) in groundwater, soil porewater and surface water from two contrasted watersheds having the same gneissic lithology, one forested ({M}ule {H}ole) and one intensely cultivated ({B}erambadi) in the {K}abini basin in {S}outh {I}ndia. {I}n the cultivated watershed, groundwater exhibits high {C}l- and {NO}3- concentrations indicative of fertilizer inputs and solute enrichment from evapotranspiration due to multiple groundwater pumping/recharge cycles. {T}he {DS}i concentration in groundwater is significantly higher in the cultivated watershed (980 +/- 313 mu {M}) than in the forested one (711 +/- 154 mu {M}), indicating more intense evapotranspiration due to irrigation cycles. {T}he groundwater delta {S}i-30 values ranged from 0.6 parts per thousand to 3.4 parts per thousand and exhibit no significant differences between cultivated (1.2 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand) and forested (1.0 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand) watersheds, indicating limited impact of land use and land cover. {G}roundwater also shows no significant seasonal differences in {DS}i and delta {S}i-30 within watersheds, indicating a buffer to seasonal recharge during wet season. {T}he delta {S}i-30 of a majority of groundwater samples fits a steady-state open flow through system, with an isotopic fractionation factor ((30)epsilon) between precipitating phase and groundwater ranging from -1.0 parts per thousand and - 2.0 parts per thousand, consistent with precipitation of kaolinite-type clays, dominant in the study area. {T}he steady-state flow through system in groundwater can be interpreted as a continuous {DS}i input from mineral weathering reactions with a dynamic equilibrium between {S}i supply and precipitation of secondary phases. {W}e also observe, in both watersheds, similar {DS}i and delta {S}i-30 values in local surface water that includes small streams and a river (406 +/- 194 mu {M}, 1.6 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand) and in soil porewater (514 +/- 119 mu {M}, 1.6 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand). {C}ompared to soil porewater, groundwater exhibits significantly lower delta {S}i-30 signatures and higher {DS}i, reflecting the contribution of an isotopically light silicon source, resulting from water-rock interaction during percolation through the unsaturated zone. {W}e assign this steady input of {DS}i to the weathering of primary silicate minerals in the regolith, such as {N}a-plagioclase, biotite and chlorite, with formation of kaolinite and smectites type clays. {A} simple isotopic mass balance suggests that deep regolith weathering can contribute to almost half of the {DS}i in groundwater. {W}e conclude that silicon cycling in soil porewaters, and surface waters are directly impacted by land use, while the isotopic composition of groundwater remains unaffected. {O}ur results indicate that {S}i isotopic signatures of weathering, adsorption, and plant uptake occurring in the shallow soil and saprolite horizons are partly overprinted and homogenized by the regolith weathering in the deep critical zone, irrespective of land use and seasonality.},
  keywords = {{G}roundwater ; {W}eathering ; {S}ilicon cycle ; {F}orest ; {A}griculture ; {C}ritical zone ; {INDE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology},
  volume = {670},
  numero = {},
  pages = {122370 [15 p.]},
  ISSN = {0009-2541},
  year = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122370},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091925},
}