Mariani Gael auteur aut IRD Moullec F. auteur aut IRD Atwood T. B. auteur aut IRD Clarkson B. auteur aut IRD Conant R. T. auteur aut IRD Cullen-Unsworth L. auteur aut IRD Griscom B. auteur aut IRD Gutt J. auteur aut IRD Howard J. auteur aut IRD Krause-Jensen D. auteur aut IRD Leavitt S. M. auteur aut IRD Lee S. Y. auteur aut IRD Livesley S. J. auteur aut IRD Macreadie P. auteur aut IRD St-John M. auteur aut IRD Zganjar C. auteur aut IRD Cheung W. W. L. auteur aut IRD Duarte C. M. auteur aut IRD Shin Yunne-Jai auteur aut IRD Singh G. G. auteur aut IRD Loiseau N. auteur aut IRD Troussellier M. auteur aut IRD Mouillot D. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Combating climate change and achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are two important challenges facing humanity. Natural climate solutions (NCSs) can contribute to the achievement of these two commitments but can also generate conflicting trade-offs. Here, we reviewed the literature and drew on expert knowledge to assess the co-benefits of and trade-offs between 150 SDG targets and NCSs within 12 selected ecosystems. We demonstrate that terrestrial, coastal, and marine NCSs enable the attainment of different sets of SDG targets, with low redundancy. Implementing NCSs in various ecosystems would therefore maximize achievement of SDG targets but would also induce trade-offs, particularly if best practices are not followed. Reliance on NCSs at large scales will require that these trade-offs be taken into consideration to ensure the simultaneous realization of positive climate outcomes and multiple SDG targets for diverse stakeholders. specialized 021 22 10 e2807[10 ] 2024 1540-9295 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091923 10.1002/fee.2807 1540-9295 [F B010091923] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010091923 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2024-11/010091923.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2024-11-13 2025-11-06 fdi:010091923 fre